The surface treatment of dental ceramics: an overview

This review proposes to present some aspects of dental ceramics surface treatments, which involve the related physical and mechanical properties, as well as new technologies. The correct cementation of prosthetic restoration is essential for clinical success. However, the adhesive technique is a very recent procedure and clinicians should have a more detailed knowledge about the technique and related materials so that they can use them in their day-to-day clinical practice. Information about the the principles, indications and contraindications of adhesive cementation technique were obtained from the literature. The studies indicate that the adhesive system seems to be a valid option for fixed prosthesis cementation, since it has several advantages over conventional cementation method, especially in all-ceramic restorations. In clinical practice, the clinician should always keep in mind the characteristics of the material they are working with, so that they can select the best technique and the best cement for each clinical situation. Although more research is required in this field, there are no scientific reasons to contraindicate in routine practice

Design thinking as a tool to the teaching of children, and teachers in the 21st century: An Integrative Review

Children become more motivated to learn when what is presented to them reflects or simulates their own reality, providing a sense of authenticity to education. This article aims to analyse which studies have already been carried out in the scope of the use and teaching of Design Thinking for children in the school environment. In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive exploratory research was conducted, based on the integrative literature review, with the Scopus and Web of Science platforms as the basis. It was noticed that Design Thinking is a valuable tool for the empowerment of children and adolescents, as it stimulates empathy, communication, creativity, and the ability to analyse and solve problems. One point that should be drawn from the articles is that there is few formally structured materials on the use of Design Thinking as a pedagogical practice, which can hinder its more accelerated dissemination. Finally, although interventions are centred on children and adolescents, educators need to realize that they are the primary factor for transformation, through their involvement, dedication, and attitude. Therefore, they need to be qualified, aware of their role as facilitators, guiding in this collaborative journey of critical thinking, and problem-solving in an innovative and future-oriented way

Effect of saliva contamination on cementation of orthodontic brackets using different adhesive systems

The enamel condition and the quality of surface are points that need to be considered for achieving optimal efficiency in the treatment with orthodontic brackets. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate bond strength of metallic brackets cemented to dental. Forty human premolars were double-sectioned, placed in PVC matrices and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=8). They received artificial saliva contamination before or after the application of adhesive systems, except for the control groups. The metallic brackets were cemented using two orthodontic cements (Transbond? Plus Color Change, 3M Unitek e Transbond? XT Light, 3M Unitek). The specimens were subjected to mechanical shear bond strength testing and classified according to the fracture pattern. The results were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey?s test for multiple comparisons (p<0.05). ANOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p=0.01). The Tukey?s multiple comparison test indicated statistically significant difference between G6 and G7 groups (p<0.05). A high prevalence of adhesive failure in the groups receiving the hydrophobic adhesive system. The saliva contamination prior to the application of a hydrophobic simplified conventional adhesive system was responsible for decreasing the immediate bond strength values of brackets cemented on the dental enamel

O desemprego juvenil no Brasil no século XXI

O desemprego é um fenômeno complexo que acompanha a sociedade capitalista. Nos últimos anos a taxa de desemprego tem crescido no Brasil, atingindo milhões de pessoas. O tema do desemprego juvenil ganhou espaço nas últimas décadas, em virtude da crise do emprego e de suas implicações na vida dos jovens. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos compreender o desemprego juvenil no Brasil no século XXI em suas dimensões quantitativas e qualitativas, assim como discorrer sobre elementos que provocam este fenômeno e os efeitos para os jovens. Para isso, recorre-se à Teoria Marxista da Dependência, à sociologia da juventude, do trabalho e do desemprego e aos dados estatísticos oficiais sobre o mercado de trabalho brasileiro entre 1990 e 2021. A hipótese levantada relaciona as trajetórias de trabalho dos jovens com suas percepções em relação ao futuro. Foram entrevistados nove jovens residentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro com aporte de metodologia qualitativa como forma de compreender as trajetórias juvenis no mercado de trabalho, suas percepções sobre o desemprego e perspectivas em relação ao futuro. A partir do referencial teórico e das verificações empíricas, discute-se o impacto das transformações produtivas no mundo do trabalho e aponta-se a existência de uma relação entre o trânsito intenso e aleatório entre as situações ocupacionais e a falta de perspectiva.Unemployment is a complex phenomenon that follows capitalist society. Lately, its rates have been rising in Brazil, reaching millions of people. The subject of youth unemployment has gained attention in recent decades, due to the employment crisis and its implications on the lives of young people. This research aims to understand youth unemployment in Brazil in the 21st century, in its quantitative and qualitative dimensions, as well as to discuss the elements that cause this phenomenon and its effects on young people. To this end, Marxist Theory of Dependency, the sociology of youth, labor and unemployment and official statistical data on the Brazilian labor market between 1990 and 2021 are used. The hypothesis relates the work trajectories of young people with their perceptions of the future. Nine young residents of the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed, using qualitative methodology as a way of understanding the trajectories of young people in the labor market, their perceptions of unemployment and their perspectives for the future. Based on the theoretical framework and empirical verifications, the impact of productive transformations in the world of work is discussed and the existence of a relationship between the intense and unpredictability transit between occupational situations and the lack of perspective is pointed out

Efeito de métodos de secagem e a qualidade físico-química de forrageiras avaliadas por espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR)

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Zootecnia.A determinação da matéria seca (MS) das forrageiras é realizada em laboratórios de análises de alimentos principalmente com o auxílio de estufa de ventilação de ar forçada (EST), técnica mais lenta que a determinação utilizando forno de micro-ondas (FMO). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de 2 métodos de secagem na composição nutricional de forrageiras avaliadas em Espectroscopia do Infravermelho Próximo (NIR). Foram avaliadas 6 espécies forrageiras, secadas em estufa de ventilação forçada (EST) e forno de micro-ondas (FMO). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 6 (2 métodos de secagem e 6 espécies forrageiras). A metodologia de secagem influenciou somente os teores de MS dos cultivares Paiaguás e Marandu, apresentando menores valores quando seco em FMO. Para os teores de proteína bruta, o cultivar Xaraés foi menor quando seca em EST, comportamento oposto ao verificado para o Marandu, que apresentou menor valor através do FMO. Os teores de FDN e FDA não foram influenciados pelos métodos de secagem. A utilização de FMO para a determinação de MS é promissora, entretanto são necessários estudos posteriores avaliando possíveis alterações na composição do alimento

The High-Pressure Structural Evolution of Olivine along the Forsterite&#8211;Fayalite Join

Structural refinements from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data are reported for olivine with a composition of Fo100 (forsterite Mg2SiO4, synthetic), Fo80 and Fo62 (~Mg1.6Fe0.4SiO4 and ~Mg1.24Fe0.76SiO4, both natural) at room temperature and high pressure to ~8 GPa. The new results, along with data from the literature on Fo0 (fayalite Fe2SiO4), were used to investigate the previously reported structural mechanisms which caused small variations of olivine bulk modulus with increasing Fe content. For all the investigated compositions, the M2 crystallographic site, with its bonding configuration and its larger polyhedral volume, was observed to control the compression mechanisms in olivine. From Fo100 to Fo0, the compression rates for M2\u2013O and M1\u2013O bond lengths were observed to control the relative polyhedral volumes, resulting in a less-compressible M1O6 polyhedral volume, likely causing the slight increase in bulk modulus with increasing Fe content

Women in geosciences within the Italian University system in the last 20 years

Abstract. This work aims at providing an updated scenario on the underrepresentation of women in the Italian university system in the area of geosciences in the last two decades. The retrieved official data on permanent full and associate professors in the 19-years considered highlight some positive trends: an increase in the number of female full professors from 9.0 % to 18.5 % and in female associate professors from 23.6 % to 28.9 %. However, although the number of female full professors almost doubled in this period, such increase still represents an excessively slow trend. Slightly better is the trend related to associate professors. The picture portrayed for non-permanent researchers, called RTD-b, as introduced by the Italian Law no. 240/2010 (essentially tenure-track associate professor position), instead raises strong concerns for the future seen that the female percentage is just 26 %, thus exhibiting a significant gender imbalance. This is even more significant if we consider that the student population in geosciences shows a gender imbalance of about 37 %, no gender gap at PhD level and a relatively high Glass Ceiling Index (GCI) during the career progression of women. An analysis of the geographical distribution of female researchers in geosciences has evidenced that, although the percentages of women are comparable, the GCI calculated in Southern Italy has been alarmingly high in the last 2–3 years and is divergent from the decrease observed in Northern and Central Italy. The work also analyses the gender balance over different areas of geosciences, showing that in Paleontology and Paleoecology the gap is inverted with more female than male professors, both at full and associate professor level, whereas the gap is almost closed in Mineralogy for associate professors, far though from being balanced for full professors. All remaining geological disciplines suffer a gender imbalance. Further analysis carried out in this work unveils that the number of female full professor is low (<10 %) both at national and regional level in the 2000–2009 decade, consistent with a GCI higher than 2.5–3. From 2010 to 2013, likely in response to the Italian Law no. 240 of 2010, an important progressive increase, associated with a decrease of GCI, is visible. However, from 2014 to 2019 the percentage remains constant (∼20 %) with the exception of Southern Italy, which displays a return to lower values (<15 %). Finally, an international comparison with countries like Germany and the USA definitively indicates that the Italian university system is more equal in terms of gender balance. Even if some significant and positive steps have been carried out in the Italian university system, still much effort is required to fight a general and crucial problem which is the gender balance issue. Results could be achieved promoting work-life balance policies that better reconcile family and work, stimulating a reorganization of the work system still currently set on the male model but, and more importantly, changing the prevailing patriarchal mentality. The Italian university system has already a great example to follow: the zero-pay gap. This is possibly the only system worldwide where male and female professors earn the same identical salary, compared to the salary gap of between 15 % and 30 % of countries richer than Italy, and must be the target to reach, in the near future, for gender balance