Operationalising factors that explain the emergence of infectious diseases : A case study of the human campylobacteriosis epidemic

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Can schools really provide the learning environment that new teachers need?:Complexities and implications for professional learning in Wales

Based on data from the Welsh adaptation of the Langdon Induction and Mentoring Survey, this article presents the perceptions of induction and mentoring held by school leaders, mentors, classroom teachers and Newly Qualified Teachers in Welsh schools. Differences according to professional role were found, suggesting that school leaders have more positive perceptions of induction and mentoring in their schools than all other staff but particularly more than general teaching staff. Possible reasons for this variation in perspective are explored. The research conceptualises schools as complex, relational sites for the professional formation of new teachers. Within this context, induction and mentoring are multifaceted and comprised of multiple interactions between stakeholders and their respective engagements with the policy environment at all levels. Results suggest that, in this environment, induction and mentoring involve largely ‘privatised’ practices that and are not viewed as the concern of those not occupying a designated mentoring role. This presents a problem for the realisation of schools as professional learning organisations which can harness the professional capital of all staff – including leaders - in order to help new teachers, and all others, to thrive

Physical and economic effects on the local agricultural economy of water transfer to cities

Includes bibliographical references

DARPA Phoenix Payload Orbital Delivery System: Progress towards Small Satellite Access to GEO

The emerging practice of hosting payloads on commercial geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) satellites is gaining traction throughout the space community because of the flight opportunities and budgetary savings that it offers. Using the hosted payload model, the DARPA Phoenix Payload Orbital Delivery (POD) system is meant to enable a higher tempo to GEO for small‐mass hardware items. The POD system proposes a departure from the typical hosted payload. The POD would provide a controlled release of the hosted payload from the commercial host near GEO. The POD standard user\u27s guide developed under the Phoenix program ensures compatibility with most of the approximately 15 commercial launches to GEO each year. By hosting with a standard user’s guide, commercial satellite providers would be capable of bringing hosted payloads quite late into the typical launch integration cycle. The combination of hightempo commercial launches and late integration would create an “express delivery” capability to GEO orbit. This POD capability would continue the paradigm shift of working with the commercial satellite provider directly to leverage the efficiencies of mass to orbit, reducing interactions with the launch provider. Phoenix is completing the design and ground testing of the POD system to help make access to new orbits more affordable and more routine for small‐mass systems

The locus for an inherited cataract in sheep maps to ovine chromosome 6

Purpose: Cataracts are an important cause of blindness in humans but there are few large animal models available. One of these animal models is Ovine Heritable Cataract, a bilateral cortical cataract which develops after birth. This cataract has been used as a model for human cataracts in drug trials, but the gene responsible for the cataract trait is unknown. A genetic test for cataract would improve the efficiency of the model by predicting which animals would develop cataracts. Identifying the genetic basis of the cataract would indicate its relevance to human cataract. Methods: A genome scan was performed on 20 sheep chromosomes, representing 86% of the genome, to determine the position of the cataract locus. Additional microsatellite markers were tested on chromosome 6 using a larger pedigree. Fine mapping was performed using a breakpoint panel of 36 animals and novel microsatellite markers taken from the bovine genome assembly. All exons of the candidate gene nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 (NUDT9) were sequenced in normal and affected sheep. Results: Significant linkage was found between cataract status and markers on chromosome 6. Linkage analysis on the larger pedigree showed the most likely position of the cataract locus was between 112.3 and 132.9 cM from the centromere. During fine mapping, NUDT9 was considered as a positional candidate for the cataract gene because it was located within the linked interval and is expressed in the lens. The gene was ruled out as the cataract gene after extensive genotype analysis, but a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) inside it provided a useful restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker for further fine mapping. Twelve new markers were found and used to map the cataract locus to between 131.1 and 131.8 cM from the centromere. Conclusions: A region of ovine chromosome 6 strongly linked to cataract has been identified, and a genetic test for cataract based on a SNP within this region has been developed. The best candidate gene within this region is AF4/FMR2 family, member 1 (AFF1), the mouse equivalent of which is associated with an inherited cataract.This research was supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology, grant number LINX0205

Self-reported depression symptoms in haemodialysis patients: Bi-factor structures of two common measures and their association with clinical factors

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Objective: To validate the factor structure of two common self-report depression tools in a large sample of haemodialysis (HD) patients and to examine their demographic and clinical correlates, including urine output, history of depression and transplantation. Methods: Factor structures of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data was utilised from the screening phase (n = 709) of a placebo-controlled feasibility randomised control trial (RCT) of sertraline in HD patients with mild to moderate Major Depressive Disorder. Alternative factor models including bi-factor models for the BDI-II and PHQ-9 were evaluated. Coefficient omega and omega-hierarchical were calculated. Results: For both measures, bi-factor measurement models had the overall best fit to the data, with dominant general depression factors. Omega-hierarchical for the general BDI-II and PHQ-9 factors was 0.94 and 0.88 respectively. Both general factors had high reliability (coefficient omega = 0.97 and 0.94 respectively) and explained over 85% of the explained common variance within their respective models. BDI-II and PHQ-9 general depression factors were negatively associated with age and urine output and positively with a history of depression, antidepressant use within the last 3 months and a history of failed transplantation. In adjusted regression models, age, urine output and a history of depression remained significant. Conclusions: These data suggest that both the BDI-II and PHQ-9 are sufficiently unidimensional to warrant the use of a total score. Younger age, lower urine output and a history of depression appear consistent correlates of depression severity among HD patients.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Challenges for principled induction and mentoring of new teachers: lessons from New Zealand and Wales

Findings from the Langdon Induction and Mentoring Survey conducted in schools employing newly qualified teachers (NQTs) in New Zealand and Wales suggest that schools should not be left to determine how they 'do' induction within national policy frameworks. The survey explored responses from key stakeholders who constitute the experiences of new teachers: head teachers, mentors, members of teaching staff and the NQTs themselves. Results suggest that conditions in schools, particularly the effects of leadership, are prime factors influencing the realization of national policy aimed at supporting NQTs. Questions are raised about how principled induction and mentoring can be achieved at scale in the context of variable, powerful school cultures. A disconnection from induction and mentoring by the majority of school staff, including leaders, is identified as a serious obstacle to be addressed

Can schools really provide the learning environment that new teachers need? Complexities and implications for professional learning in Wales

Based on data from the Welsh adaptation of the Langdon Induction and Mentoring Survey, this article presents the perceptions of induction and mentoring held by school leaders, mentors, classroom teachers and Newly Qualified Teachers in Welsh schools. Differences according to professional role were found, suggesting that school leaders have more positive perceptions of induction and mentoring in their schools than all other staff but particularly more than general teaching staff. Possible reasons for this variation in perspective are explored. The research conceptualises schools as complex, relational sites for the professional formation of new teachers. Within this context, induction and mentoring are multifaceted and comprised of multiple interactions between stakeholders and their respective engagements with the policy environment at all levels. Results suggest that, in this environment, induction and mentoring involve largely ‘privatised’ practices that and are not viewed as the concern of those not occupying a designated mentoring role. This presents a problem for the realisation of schools as professional learning organisations which can harness the professional capital of all staff – including leaders - in order to help new teachers, and all others, to thrive

Elucidating the aetiology of human Campylobacter coli infections

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury

The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) is a systematic survey to establish a legacy of uniform multi-color photometry of resolved stars for a volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies (D<4 Mpc). The survey volume encompasses 69 galaxies in diverse environments, including close pairs, small & large groups, filaments, and truly isolated regions. The galaxies include a nearly complete range of morphological types spanning a factor of ~10^4 in luminosity and star formation rate. The survey data consists of images taken with ACS on HST, supplemented with archival data and new WFPC2 imaging taken after the failure of ACS. Survey images include wide field tilings covering the full radial extent of each galaxy, and single deep pointings in uncrowded regions of the most massive galaxies in the volume. The new wide field imaging in ANGST reaches median 50% completenesses of m_F475W=28.0 mag, m_F606W=27.3 mag, and m_F814W=27.3 mag, several magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). The deep fields reach magnitudes sufficient to fully resolve the structure in the red clump. The resulting photometric catalogs are publicly accessible and contain over 34 million photometric measurements of >14 million stars. In this paper we present the details of the sample selection, imaging, data reduction, and the resulting photometric catalogs, along with an analysis of the photometric uncertainties (systematic and random), for both the ACS and WFPC2 imaging. We also present uniformly derived relative distances measured from the apparent magnitude of the TRGB.Comment: 54 pages, including 24 pages of figures and 16 pages of tables. Project website and data available at http://www.nearbygalaxies.org/ . Data is also available through MAST. Scheduled to appear in the Astrophysical Journal Supplements. (Replaced to fix several figures that were damaged during compression