Defining Desire: Re(storyng) a 'fraudulent' marriage in 1901 Spain

In the second half of the 19th century, two Spanish primary school teachers were married despite the fact that their legal status as women rendered this union not only illegal but also publicly scandalous. In 2008 their story was resurrected in the form of a book based on an extensive review of educational, legal, and media archives. The Spanish press responded to the book’s publication by embedding the events within a more recent historical narrative around the struggle for gay marriage rights. In this article, we analyze the events in light of the understandings of sex, gender and sexuality that were available at the time, and then explore both the continuities and discontinuities with the modern interpretive framework that affords these women a lesbian identity, drawing upon Bennett’s notion of ‘‘lesbian-like’’ practices in eras where such identities were not yet conceptualized

Can cognitive performance predict physical fitness and academic achievement one year later?

Previous studies have shown that physical activity, fitness and academic achievement might predict cognitive performance later in life . However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies examining the inverse relationship, that is, whether cognition may predict fitness and academic achievement in adolescents one year later . Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive performance and physical fitness and academic achievement one year later .Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Distribución espacial de los quetognatos y cómo la portación de huevos afecta la distribución vertical de Sagitta tasmanica en el sur de Chile

Six chaetognath species were determined, all for the first time, in the inner waters between Reloncaví Fjord and Boca del Guafo, Chile. Sagitta tasmanica (85.3%) and Eukrohnia hamata (5.8%) were dominant. Sagitta minima was collected for the first time in the southern channel and fjord region. The largest chaetognath aggregations were found around the Desertores Islands, which create a geographic barrier between two microbasins (north and south) with different oceanographic characteristics. S. decipiens was distributed mostly in the surface layer (0-50 m), whereas E. hamata, S. chilensis, S. minima, and S. enflata were found in deeper waters (50-200 m). The vertical distribution of S. tasmanica was homogeneous; mature, egg-carrying individuals were found at greater depths than those without eggs.Se determinó la presencia de seis especies de quetognatos, todas ellas registradas por primera vez en aguas interiores comprendidas entre el fiordo Reloncaví y la boca del Guafo, Chile. Las especies dominantes fueron Sagitta tasmanica (85,3%) y Eukrohnia hamata (5,8%), mientras que S. minima se colectó por primera vez en el ecosistema de canales y fiordos australes. Las mayores agregaciones de quetognatos se determinaron alrededor de las islas Desertores, que constituyen una barrera geográfica entre dos microcuencas de diferentes condiciones oceanográficas. La distribución vertical de S. decipiens presentó una preferencia por el estrato superficial, mientras que E. hamata, S. chilensis, S. minima y S. enflata se capturaron preferentemente a mayor profundidad. En cambio, S. tasmanica se distribuyó homogéneamente en la columna de agua, pero los individuos maduros con huevos se encontraron a mayor profundidad que los que no transportaban huevos

A simulação como recurso pedagógico no ensino médico

Background: The use of simulation in medical education ensures improved learning and an increase in experience without the risk of real events. The absence of previous training in the execution of technical procedures may involve risks to the patient, inseparable from the technique in question. Thus, medical education is decisive in preventing medical errors, and simulation has a critical role in this field. Different approaches, such as mixed-realism scenarios, high-fidelity mannequins, and virtual reality, are used in simulation as resources for medical education. Simulation can be used to train technical and non-technical skills such as team endeavor, team communication, and clinician-patient communication. The latter, which includes the disclosure of an adverse event to a patient, contributes to the increase in the clinician's confidence. Although the recognition of simulation as a fundamental resource in medical education has been increasing in the last years, there is a lack of implemented courses, as part of pre- and post-graduate medical training, and quantitative evaluation of the impact of these courses in residency and, at ultimately, in patient care improvement. Objectives: To increase anesthesiology training's efficacy and safety by including simulation training as a mandatory component of Anesthesiology Residency. To accomplish this primary objective, the work was divided into three aims: 1) to train and evaluate, through the construction of an evaluation instrument divided into two-parts: the participation in a clinical episode that triggered an adverse event in a simulation scenario in an Operating Room context and the dissemination of the same adverse event, in a hybrid simulation scenario; 2) to design a skill training program, in a simulation environment according to the programmatic contents included in the Portuguese Residency in Anesthesiology including technical and non-technical skills; 3) to implement and evaluate the program through the construction and validation of self-assessment questionnaires answered by the residents before and after each simulation module. Results: The comprehensive methodology involving mixed-realism simulation engaged 42 Anesthesiology residents in an adverse event and its disclosure to the patient. It allowed practicing to a range of patients’ answers through the different stages of a grief response. The instruments to assess the performance and the anesthesiology residents' disclosure practice showed excellent interrater reliability and high internal consistency (p<0.05). Three-hundred and forty individuals attended the competencies training program for Portuguese Anesthesiology residents, designed according to the programmatic contents defined by the Portuguese Board of Anesthesiology: 76 from the first year, 89 from the second, 82 from the third, and 93 from the fourth and last year. For the evaluation of this program, self-assessment questionnaires to be applied before and after each simulation module were designed, and the internal consistency was tested, indicating a high internal consistency of all questionnaires. Students assessed the importance attributed to several main technical concepts in Anesthesiology, and their training and experience before and after each simulation course. The results were statistically significant in almost all comparisons (p<0.05). Likewise, these questionnaires also included questions regarding non-technical skills such as need for help, making mistakes, self-efficacy over time, need for support, communication, and team attitude. Over time, the need for support and the number of mistakes increased from the residents' perspective (p<0.001). However, the students assumed that, through the residency, there was an improvement in the communication skills since they easily expressed their opinion, even if they disagreed with the consultant anesthesiologist. Unanimity is highlighted regarding the importance of non-behavioral competencies for clinical practice excellence, identified by 4th-year residents at the end of training with simulation. Finally, the residents rated all the programmatic contents addressed during the simulation modules as highly important. The last year's topics were the ones with numerically higher importance attributed by the trainees. Conclusions: The evaluation instrument divided into two parts demonstrated solid psychometric properties to evaluate the performance of communication to the patient of the occurrence of an adverse effect. The mixed concept of reality-simulation allowed residents to be involved in an adverse event and train their communication before direct contact with a patient. The construction of a simulation program according to the Anesthesiology Residency's pedagogical contents improves training in this area without putting patients at risk. It has repercussions on recognizing the error, enriching the value of self-confidence and the fundamental role of behavioral skills.In the end, this study showed that simulation also has repercussions on the identification of gaps that must be overcome before the residents become independent, culminating in improved patient safety. Together, the results obtained emphasize the positive impact of simulation as a learning instrument of the Medical Residency in Anesthesiology.Introdução: O uso da simulação no ensino médico assegura uma melhoria na aprendizagem e um acréscimo de experiência, sem o risco dos eventos reais. A ausência de treino prévio na execução de procedimentos técnicos pode associar risco para o doente, indissociável da técnica em questão. Assim, a educação e o treino em segurança são decisivos para a prevenção do erro médico. Neste contexto, a simulação tem um papel determinante. Diferentes abordagens, como cenários híbridos realidade-simulação, manequins de altafidelidade e realidade virtual são usadas em simulação enquanto recurso de ensino médico. A simulação pode ser utilizada na aquisição de competências técnicas e competências não técnicas, como o trabalho de equipa, a comunicação em equipa e a comunicação médicodoente. A relação médico-doente pode também ser desenvolvida pelo treino de situações como a comunicação de um evento adverso a um doente ou familiar. Embora o reconhecimento da simulação como instrumento fundamental na educação médica tenha aumentado nos últimos anos, falta ainda a sua integração na formação médica pré e pós-graduada, tal como a avaliação quantitativa dessa integração no desempenho dos médicos internos e, em última instância, na melhoria assistencial do doente. Objetivos: Aumentar a eficácia e a segurança da formação em Anestesiologia através da inclusão do treino em simulação como componente obrigatória do programa de formação específica desta especialidade. Para atingir esse objetivo principal, o trabalho foi dividido em três objetivos secundários: 1) Treinar e avaliar, através da construção de um instrumento de avaliação dividido em duas partes: a participação num episódio clínico que desencadeou um efeito adverso num cenário de simulação em contexto de bloco operatório e a divulgação do mesmo evento adverso, num cenário híbrido de simulação; 2) desenhar um programa de formação de competências, em ambiente de simulação, de acordo com os conteúdos programáticos incluídos no Internato de Anestesiologia, incluindo competências técnicas e não técnicas; 3) implementar e avaliar o programa através da construção e validação de questionários de autoavaliação respondidos pelos internos antes e depois de cada curso de simulação. Resultados: A metodologia que envolveu a utilização da técnica de simulação mista realidade-simulação contou com a participação de 42 internos de Anestesiologia na simulação de um evento adverso e na sua comunicação ao doente. Este estudo permitiu a prática de um conjunto de respostas aos doentes ao longo das diferentes fases do luto. Os instrumentos para avaliar o desempenho e a prática da comunicação do efeito adverso pelos internos de Anestesiologia, apresentaram uma excelente fiabilidade e elevada consistência interna (p<0,05). O programa de formação de competências para internos portugueses de Anestesiologia, desenhado de acordo com os conteúdos programáticos definidos pelo Colégio de Anestesiologia da Ordem do Médicos, contou com a participação de 340 médicos: 76 internos do primeiro ano, 89 do segundo, 82 do terceiro e 93 do quarto e último ano. Para a avaliação deste programa foram construídos questionários de autoavaliação para serem aplicados antes e depois de cada módulo do programa de simulação. A consistência interna foi testada e considerada elevada em todos os questionários. Os participantes avaliaram a importância atribuída a diversos conceitos técnicos em Anestesiologia, e a sua formação e experiência antes e depois de cada curso de simulação. Os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos na maioria das comparações (p<0,05). Da mesma forma, os questionários permitiram autoavaliar a evolução do desempenho clínico e competências não técnicas, tais como a consciência situacional, o pedido de ajuda, a comunicação e o trabalho de equipa. Ao longo do tempo, na perspetiva dos internos, a necessidade de apoio e o número de erros aumentaram (p<0,001). Os médicos internos assumiram também que ao longo do internato houve uma melhoria da capacidade de comunicação, uma vez que mais facilmente expressam a sua opinião, mesmo discordando do anestesiologista sénior. Realça-se a unanimidade em relação à importância das competências não comportamentais para a excelência da prática clínica, identificada pelos internos do 4º ano no final das formações com simulação. Por fim, os participantes deram elevada importância a todos os conteúdos programáticos abordados durante os módulos de simulação, com maior relevância nos temas abordados no último ano. Conclusões: O instrumento de avaliação dividido em duas partes demonstrou fortes propriedades psicométricas para avaliar o desempenho da comunicação ao doente da ocorrência de um efeito adverso. O conceito misto de realidade-simulação permitiu que os internos estivessem envolvidos num evento adverso e treinassem a sua comunicação antes do contato direto com um doente. A construção de um programa de simulação de acordo com os conteúdos pedagógicos do Internato de Anestesiologia melhora não só a formação nesta área, sem colocar os doentes em risco, como tem repercussão no reconhecimento do erro, enriquecendo o valor da autoconfiança e o papel fundamental das competências comportamentais. No final, este estudo mostrou que a simulação também tem repercussão na identificação de lacunas que devem ser ultrapassadas antes que os internos se tornem independentes, culminando na melhoria da segurança do doente. Em conjunto, os resultados obtidos vêm enfatizar o impacto positivo da simulação como instrumento de aprendizagem do Internato Médico de Anestesiologia

Secular variations of magma source compositions in the North Patagonian batholith from the Jurassic to Tertiary: Was mélange melting involved?

This research was funded by the Spanish Agency of Science and Technology (Projects CGL201348408-C3-1-P and PGC2018-096534-B-I00) and the University of Huelva. Rodriguez is grateful for a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral research grant. This is IBERSIMS publication 49.This study of Sr-Nd initial isotopic ratios of plutons from the North Patagonian batholith (Argentina and Chile) revealed that a secular evolution spanning 180 m.y., from the Jurassic to Neogene, can be established in terms of magma sources, which in turn are correlated with changes in the tectonic regime. The provenance and composition of end-member components in the source of magmas are represented by the Sr-Nd initial isotopic ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144) of the plutonic rocks. Our results support the interpretation that source composition was determined by incorporation of varied crustal materials and trench sediments via subduction erosion and sediment subduction into a subduction channel melange. Subsequent melting of subducted melanges at mantle depths and eventual reaction with the ultramafic mantle are proposed as the main causes of batholith magma generation, which was favored during periods of fast convergence and high obliquity between the involved plates. We propose that a parental diorite (= andesite) precursor arrived at the lower arc crust, where it underwent fractionation to yield the silicic melts (granodiorites and granites) that formed the batholiths. The diorite precursor could have been in turn fractionated from a more mafic melt of basaltic andesite composition, which was formed within the mantle by complete reaction of the bulk melanges and the peridotite. Our proposal follows model predictions on the formation of melange diapirs that carry fertile subducted materials into hot regions of the suprasubduction mantle wedge, where mafic parental magmas of batholiths originate. This model not only accounts for the secular geochemical variations of Andean batholiths, but it also avoids a fundamental paradox of the classical basalt model: the absence of ultramafic cumulates in the lower arc crust and in the continental crust in general.Spanish Agency of Science and Technology CGL201348408-C3-1-P PGC2018-096534-B-I00University of HuelvaJuan de la Cierva postdoctoral research gran

Spatial patterns of tourist accommodation location through complementary and integrated analyses: GIS, space syntax and web–scraping

El turismo urbano es una importante actividad para las ciudades en la actualidad. Es responsable de la transformación y especialización de múltiples áreas urbanas a nivel mundial, lo que no está exento de problemas. Las investigaciones al respecto se han producido sobre grandes ciudades, existiendo un vacío de conocimiento sobre categorías urbanas inferiores. El alojamiento es la infraestructura básica que lo soporta, constituyendo su localización un indicador de idoneidad turística. El objeto del trabajo consiste en conocer qué factores ambientales y en qué medida respaldan la elección de alojamiento turístico según su localización. Para ello se geocodifican los alojamientos estudiados, se mapean factores de influencia y se realizan análisis espaciales y de proximidad. Posteriormente se comprueba estadísticamente la relación entre factores ambientales y evaluaciones web post-compra de viajeros. Los resultados muestran cómo el turismo urbano se distribuye espacialmente respondiendo a patrones relacionados con los usos del suelo y la cercanía a las atracciones turísticas. Se evidencia un ejemplo de estructura turística propia de ciudades medias constituida por ubicaciones de alojamientos bien valoradas próximas a concentraciones turísticas patrimoniales localizadas en el centro histórico. Los resultados pueden ser útiles a la inversión privada y a la planificación para mejorar estas ciudades.Urban tourism is an important activity in cities today. It is responsible for the transformation and specialization of multiple urban areas around the world, which is not without problems. Research on it has only been carried out on large cities, with a knowledge gap in relation to lower-scale urban categories. Accommodation is the basic infrastructure that supports it, its location being an indicator of tourist suitability. The aim of this work is to know which environmental factors and to what extent they support the choice of accommodation according to its location. For this purpose, the studied accommodations are geocoded, influencing factors are mapped, and spatial and proximity analyses are carried out. Subsequently, the correlation between environmental factors and travellers' post-purchase web evaluations is statistically verified. The results show how urban tourism is spatially distributed according to patterns based on land use and proximity to tourist attractions. There is evidence of a typical tourist structure of medium-sized cities made up of well-valued accommodation locations close to heritage tourist concentrations located within the historic centre. The results can be useful for private investment and planning to improve these cities

Audio-visual Production as a Path of Cooperation in Europe. Eurimages Funds

The aim of this paper is to analyse co-production in Europe through the funds of the Eurimages program from its origin, in 1989 to 2016, and to determine a pattern of co-production among the main film producer nations in Europe: France, Germany, Italy and Spain. For that purpose, a statistical analysis is carried out using several data sources: the Lumiere database, the reports from the European Audiovisual Observatory, as well as those from several national film institutions (such as the ICAA in Spain, or the CNC in France), or even the webpages of the Eurimages program and the Ibermedia one. Among the main results, it should be underlined that Eurimages has contributed to the increase of European films through co-production, but not to the increase of film audience, being far from that of American films. Nevertheless, if compared to national films, Eurimages has favoured both the transnational circulation of films and their consumption. Moreover, the main reasons to choose partners to co-produce are both cultural and economic, based on language, geographical proximity, common history and having a more developed film industry with a generous film support. With this article we want to contribute to update the literature about co-production in Europe using Eurimages funds.JEL Codes - L82; L88; Z1