Desplazamientos y autoempleo en Francia: diferencias por género

This paper analyses the behavior of French workers, employed and self- employed, in relation to home-work commute. We use the collected data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and we look for the main fac- tors that most influence on the commuting times. A comparison between women and men in relation to their choice of commuting time is made. The findings indicate a decrease of commuting time for the self-employed, and this is higher when female self-employed data are analyzed

Importancia de las Escrituras en la Ética Laboral Protestante

Protestant Work Ethic (PWE), when was described, was based on a strong spiritual component that believers had. This is related to the importance of the Word of God, as Scriptures, that Protestantism shown since centuries ago. At present, PWE is no longer only associated with Protestants, or Christians. This is seen in people with different beliefs and it is not an exclusive religious value. In the case of Christians, it is observed that work ethics is part of a global ethic in the believer's daily life.La ética laboral protestante (PWE), cuando fue descrito, se fundamentaba en un fuerte componente espiritual que poseían los creyentes. Este componente se encuentra en la importancia que le dan los protestantes, desde antaño, a la Palabra de Dios. En la actualidad, la PWE ya no está únicamente asociada a los protestantes, ni siquiera a los cristianos, sino que se encuentra presente en individuos de distintos credos, desvinculándola de todo aspecto religioso. En el caso de los cristianos, se observa que ese sentido ético en el trabajo, es parte de una ética global en la vida cotidiana del sujeto

El problema de la antinomia de los fines de la pena prisional como obstáculo para la reinserción social

Tesis (Doctor en Derecho) UANL, 2009.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Long-term microgravity exposure increases ECG repolarization instability manifested by low-frequency oscillations of T-Wave vector

Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death during long-term space missions are a major concern for space agencies. Long-duration spaceflight and its ground-based analog head-down bed rest (HDBR) have been reported to markedly alter autonomic and cardiac functioning, particularly affecting ventricular repolarization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In this study, novel methods are developed, departing from previously published methodologies, to quantify the index of Periodic Repolarization Dynamics (PRD), an arrhythmic risk marker that characterizes sympathetically-mediated low-frequency oscillations in the T-wave vector. PRD is evaluated in ECGs from 42 volunteers at rest and during an orthostatic tilt table test recorded before and after 60-day –6° HDBR. Our results indicate that tilt test, on top of enhancing sympathetic regulation of heart rate, notably increases PRD, both before and after HDBR, thus supporting previous evidence on PRD being an indicator of sympathetic modulation of ventricular repolarization. Importantly, long-term microgravity exposure is shown to lead to significant increases in PRD, both when evaluated at rest and, even more notably, in response to tilt test. The extent of microgravity-induced changes in PRD has been associated with arrhythmic risk in prior studies. An exercise-based, but not a nutrition-based, countermeasure is able to partially reverse microgravity-induced effects on PRD. In conclusion, long-term exposure to microgravity conditions leads to elevated low-frequency oscillations of ventricular repolarization, which are potentiated following sympathetic stimulation and are related to increased risk for repolarization instabilities and arrhythmias. Tested countermeasures are only partially effective in counteracting microgravity effects

Periodic repolarization dynamics as predictor of risk for sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients

The two most common modes of death among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients are sudden cardiac death (SCD) and pump failure death (PFD). Periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) quantifies low-frequency oscillations in the T wave vector of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been postulated to reflect sympathetic modulation of ventricular repolarization. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of PRD to predict SCD and PFD in a population of CHF patients. 20-min high-resolution (1000 Hz) ECG recordings from 569 CHF patients were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, PRD+ and PRD-, corresponding to PRD values above and below the optimum cutoff point of PRD in the study population. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SCD risk in the PRD+ group was double the risk in the PRD- group [ hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.001 (1.127-3.554), p < 0.05]. The combination of PRD with other Holter-based ECG indices, such as turbulence slope (TS) and index of average alternans (IAA), improved SCD prediction by identifying groups of patients at high SCD risk. PFD could be predicted by PRD only when combined with TS [hazard ratio 2.758 (1.572-4.838), p < 0.001]. In conclusion, the combination of PRD with IAA and TS can be used to stratify the risk for SCD and PFD, respectively, in CHF patients

Right ventricular vs left bundle branch pacing-induced changes in ECG depolarization and repolarization

Patients suffering from bradycardia are indicated for pacemaker implantation. Right ventricular pacing (RVP)has been conventionally used for this purpose, but it can increase the risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been proposed as a new physiological pacing technique. The aim of this study was to compare changes induced by RVP and LBBAP in the ECG. 10-minute 12-lead ECG recordings were acquired at baseline and after pacemaker implantation from 83 patients (31 RVP, 52 LBBAP). Median beats were calculated for each patient at baseline and post-implantation states. ECG markers including QRS duration (dQRS)and area (aQRS) and heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) and Tpeak-to-Tend (Tpec) intervals were measured. dQRS and aQRS decreased significantly at post-implantation with respect to baseline, both being significantly lower for LBBAP than RVP after pacemaker implantation. QTc was significantly reduced at post-implantation for both pacing techniques with no differences between them. Tpec did not change either between states or techniques. In conclusion, LBBAP led to more synchronized ventricular depolarization, supporting potentially improved clinical outcomes with LBBAP as compared to RVP for anti-bradycardia therap

La prohibición constitucional del derecho a la sindicalización de los miembros de la “Policía Nacional Civil” como limitante al derecho de libre ejercicio a la libertad sindical

Históricamente la situación de la corporación policial se ha visto siempre al margen del régimen militar, concepto que en nuestros días ha sido de gran controversia respecto a las funciones desempeñadas por la policía y la fuerza armada, es decir que sus funciones son independientes y que no deben verse estructuralmente de la misma forma; lo cual en gran parte influye al desarrollo de la temática. Por tal motivo se deriva la situación normativa ya que centra un eje muy importante en la forma que el Estado salvadoreño ha regulado dicha problemática y es que mediante la norma suprema los policías están exentos de gozar el derecho al libre ejercicio de la libertad sindical ya que desde el punto de vista del legislador estos no poseen derechos laborales debido al cargo que estos desempeñan. Se pretende demostrar la situación actual de las condiciones laborales de la Policía, así como también la regulación ineficaz que nuestra normativa constitucional posee referente al tema, en comparación a la normativa de otros países. A demás se analiza la normativa internacional que sustentan el derecho de sindicalización caracterizándose como un derecho humano por excelencia, la ratificación del convenio 87 regula el derecho a formar sindicatos, pero es necesario hacer referencia que si en la actualidad cabe la posibilidad de hacer una reforma al artículo 47 inc. Segundo de la constitución y permitirles a los policías el poder conformar sindicatos, con el objeto de demostrar que las mejoras laborales para la corporación se podrían lograr permitiendo dicha reforma, y que estos puedan exigir mejores condiciones laborales sin el temor de represalias de parte de sus jefaturas

Dinámica periódica de la repolarización como predictor de muerte súbita en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica

Este trabajo evalúa la capacidad del índice Periodic Repolarization Dynamics (PRD) para predecir el riesgo de sufrir muerte súbita cardíaca (MSC) o muerte por fallo de bomba (MFB) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC)