The Prevalence of Neonatal Septicemia in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

زمینه و هدف: سپتی سمی یکی از مهم ترین و شایع ترین بیماری های دوران نوزادی است،که با عوارض و مرگ و میر بالایی همراه است. در مقالات مختلف میزان شیوع سپتی سمی در نوزادانی که با شک سپسیس بستری شده بودند متفاوت گزارش شده است. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد شیوع کلی سپتی سمی نوزادان در ایران و بررسی روند کلی آن در کشور به روش مرور سیستماتیک و متاآنالیز بود. روش بررسی: با استفاده از کلید واژه ای معتبر در بانک های اطلاعاتی داخلی و خارجی شامل , Sid, Magiran, Irandoc, Medlib, Iranmedex Medline, scopus,web of science, Cochrane, Pubmed, Springer, Science Direct و موتور جستجوگر و Googleschoolar صورت پذیرفت. نتایج مطالعات با استفاده ازمدل اثرات تصادفی متاآنالیز با هم ترکیب شدند. واریانس هر مطالعه با استفاده از توزیع دوجمله ای و ناهمگنی مطالعات با استفاده ازشاخص I2 محاسبه گردید. برای تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار Stata استفاده گردید. یافته ها: حجم نمونه در 26 مطالعه 13889 نفر بود. شیوع کلی سپسیس نوزادانی در ایران 3/14 (فاصله اطمینان 95: 7/16-12) برآورد شد. میزان شیوع سپسیس در پسران و دختران در 7 مطالعه با حجم نمونه 2268 نفر به ترتیب 7/26 (فاصله اطمینان 95: 2/40-3/13) و 3/23 ( فاصله اطمینان 95: 2/34-4/12) برآورد گردید. نمودار متارگرسیون نشان داد که میزان شیوع سپتی سمی در طی سال ها 1389-1375 کاهش یافته است، ولی این کاهش از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبوده است. نتیجه گیری: سپتی سمی نوزادی در کشور ما از شیوع بالایی برخوردار است. با آموزش پرسنلی که در بخش نوزادان و NICU ها حضور دارند می توان تا حد زیادی از بروز و ابتلا نوزادان به سپسیس جلوگیری کرد

High prevalence of mental disorders: a population-based cross-sectional study in the city of Ilam, Iran

AimTo determine the age- and sex-standardized prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the city of Ilam.MethodIn this population-based cross-sectional study, 1,350 people were invited using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were measured using the DASS-21 standard questionnaire. For data analysis, multiple ordinal logistic regression was used in Stata version 12 software. A significance level of 5% was considered.ResultsThe data of 1,431 people were analyzed. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence (95% CI) of severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was 19.90% (17.64 to 22.16), 25.95% (23.48 to 28.43), and 15.75% (13.69 to 17.81), respectively. There was a positive association among depression symptoms with female sex (OR: 1.52; p < 0.003), Kurdish ethnicity (OR: 2.15; p < 0.004), low educational level (OR: 1.37; p < 0.031), job losing history (OR: 1.64; p < 0.001), mental disorders history (OR: 2.17; p < 0.001), hopelessness for the future (OR: 5.38; p < 0.001), and history of other diseases (OR: 1.67; p < 0.001). There was a positive association among anxiety symptoms with female sex (OR: 1.72; p < 0.001), job losing history (OR: 1.53; p < 0.003), mental disorders history (OR: 2.11; p < 0.001), hopelessness to future (OR: 3.33; p < 0.001) and history of other diseases (OR: 1.97; p < 0.001). Hopelessness for the future and a history of other diseases were the most effective variables for anxiety symptoms and stress symptoms.ConclusionA significant proportion of Ilam’s urban population suffers from mental disorders. Increasing people’s awareness, establishing counseling centers, and improving infrastructure should be considered by mental health policymakers who work in the province

Association Of Statin Therapy On Clinical Outcomes In Covid-19 Patients: An Updated Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On All Related Evidences

Background: Statins is a class of lipid-lowering drugs and our previous investigations showed that statins have antiviral effects and have a wound healing effect in the lung. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on mortality and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from December 1, 2019 until January 26, 2022 without any restriction in language. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR). Results: The statin therapy overally was associated with decrease in odds of ventilation [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.70 to 0.99)] and mortality [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.66 to 0.81)] but had no effects on the  ICU admission [pooled OR (95% CI):  0.93 (0.77 to 1.12)], oxygen therapy [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.70 to 0.99)], recovery [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.85 (0.35 to 9.92)], kidney failure [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.01 (0.73 to 1.40)], hospitalization [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.45 (0.88 to 2.36)], asymptomatic disease [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.33 (0.24 to 7.44)], and ARDS [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.88 to 1.49)]. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis showed that statin therapy was associated with a reduced risk of mortality and ventilation in patients with COVID-19 but had no effects on other clinical outcomes

Novel approach of vaccination against Brucella abortus 544 based on a combination of fusion proteins, human serum albumin and brucella abortus Lipopolysaccharides.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Brucella abortus is an essential component for developing the subunit vaccine against brucellosis. B. abortus LPS was extracted by n-butanol, purified by ultracentrifugation and detoxified by alkaline treatment. Pyrogenicity and toxicity of B. abortus LPS and detoxified–LPS (D-LPS) were analyzed and compared with LPS of E. coli. Different groups of mice were immunized intraperitoneally with purified B. abortus LPS, D-LPS, a combination of LPS with human serum albumin (LPS-HSA) and B. abortus S19 bacteria; besides, control mice were inoculated with sterile saline. Two doses of vaccine were given 4 weeks apart. Mice were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent B. abortus 544 strain 4 weeks after the second dose of vaccine. Sera and spleens of mice were harvested 4 weeks after challenge. LPS-B. abortus was 10,000-fold less potent in LAL test and 100-fold less potent in eliciting fever in rabbits than in E. coli LPS. And D-LPS was very less potent in LAL test and eliciting fever in rabbits ordinary LPS. The antibody titer of anti-LPS immunoglobulin G (IgG) was higher than D-LPS. However, mice immunized with either LPS, D-LPS or LPS-HSA vaccines showed a significant protection against infection of the spleen (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between mice immunized with LPS and D-LPS in terms of protection (p<0.99). Therefore, it was concluded that D-LPS and LPS-HSA for B. abortus can be used as safer and more potent vaccines than ordinary LPS-B. abortus vaccine

Dynamics of bacteriophages as a promising antibiofilm agents

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous organism which has emerged as a major threat in the hospital environment. Overuse of antibiotics has also significantly increased the emergence of antimicrobial multiresistant bacteria. P. aeruginosa has an innate ability to adhere to surfaces and form virulent biofilms. Bacteriophage might represent one attractive solution to this problem. In this study, P.aeruginosa phage were utilized to Biofilm inhibition and remove.Sample collected from University sewage. Isolation was done according to Martha.R.J.Clokie protocol. Serial dilution prepared, then equally incubated with bacteria to investigate Biofilm inhibition potential. Biofilm formed base on Microplate Biofilm Assay. The effect of isolated phage investigated on biofilm remove of Pseudomonas putida, E.coli and Acinetobacter baumanii. P.aeruginosa biofilm had OD: 1.688 in 492n.m. Pure phage, 10-2 and 10-3 diluted phage decreased OD to 1.587, 1.341 and 1.461, respectively. Isolated phage dramatically decline OD of Biofilm of all strains.Phages have various affinity to attach to hosts, thereby it is supposed to phages compete for their receptors. Therefore it is supposed phages have most efficiency in optimum concentration to remove biofilm or growth inhibition

Phenotypic and genotypic assay for detection of extended spectrum B-lactamases production by Klebsiella pnemoniae isolates in Emam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

Objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of K. pneumoniae producing ESBLs, to evaluate the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae producing ESBLs towards non-beta-lactam antibiotics and to study the dominant ESBLs gene in Emam Reza hospital. K. pneumoniae producing ESBLs identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) performed for detection of blaSHV, TEM and CTX-M. The findings showed that 43.69%, 13.59%, 7.77%, 11.65% and 23.3% were from UTI, ICUs, surgery ward, lesion infections and RTI, respectively. The results showed that 43.7% of isolates were ESBLs produces. The findings revealed that 26.7%, 6.7%, 20% and 0% of K.pneumoniae producing ESBLs were resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazol and imipenem, respectively. Thirty-nine blaSHV, seven blaTEM and seven blaCTX-M identified among K.pneumoniae producing ESBLs. The results reflected in cold month resistant to third generation cephalosporins were more than warm months. Generally, frequency of blaSHV was more than blaCTX-M and blaTEM

Comparison of toxin-antitoxin expression among drug-susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a significant global public health threat. Besides extensive multidrug resistance, MTB possesses several properties for long-term viability in the host as well as stress adaptation and resistance in harsh conditions. The role of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in disseminating and maintaining antimicrobial resistance in bacterial populations has also been demonstrated. This study aimed to evaluate differences in expression of MazEF (a well-known TA system) related genes (mazE3, mazF3, mazE6, and mazF6) amongst drug-susceptible and resistant MTB isolates in Iran.Material and methods: A total of 20 confirmed clinical isolates of MTB including 10 drug-susceptible and 10 drug-resistant (nine MDR, and one XDR) species were included in this study. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used as the standard strain. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and relative quantitative real-time PCR were performed according to the standard procedures.Results: Our analysis indicated significant enhanced expression of the mazE6 antitoxin gene in drug-susceptible isolates compared to drug-resistant isolates and the standard strain. The expression of the mazF6 toxin gene was also increased in drug-susceptible isolates compared with the standard strain. In drug-resistant isolates, the expression levels of mazF3 and mazF6 genes were significantly higher than that in the susceptible isolates and the standard strain.Conclusions: In this study, there was significant overexpression of mazE6 in drug-susceptible isolates. As well, mazF3 and F6 were overexpressed in drug-resistant isolates when compared with the standard strain. The changes in expression levels of MazEF6 associated genes were greater than that of MazEF3 in both groups of isolates

Evaluation of an immunocapture-agglutination test (Brucellacapt) for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis, Ilam, Iran

Brucellosis is common health problem in some Middle Eastern, Mediterranean countries and Iran. The present investigation was carried out to investigate the prevalence of brucella antibodies through Rose bengal test (RBT), Wright and Coombs and comparison with Brucella Capt Test. A total of 754 different suspected to brucellosis were tested during the period from March 2008 to February 2009. They assayed by Brucellacapt, Coombs tests and SAT. Our results had shown that of 754 serum samples, 125 samples were positive by Rosbangal test. Thus, frequency of brucellosis by Rosbangal test was 16.5%. The results in 1/40 and 1/80 were equal for Brucellacapt and Coombs test and different for SAT. The other titers results were different for all testes which used in our study. The results from the present study showed a high sensitivity and specificity of Brucellacapt for the diagnosis of human brucellosis

Recombinant Streptodornase Production in Escherichia .coli 1

Abstract: Introduction: In pyoderma infections, pus of density related to desoxiribonucleoproteins. streptodornase(sd) combination with streptokinase dissolve purulent secretions from infections.This study aims to produce recombinant streptodornase of Streptococcus pyogenes in E.coli. Methods: by using specific primers streptodornase gene (sd) was amplified. The constructed vector pGEX4T1-sd was transformed in E. coli BL21 (DE3)/ pLYS-S and induced with IPTG. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity-chromatography (Glutathione Sepharose 4B). Results: a PCR product about 816 bp was seen. Sd recombinant protein was expressed in pGEX-4T-1 in E. coli BL21. SDS-PAGE analysis of product before and after inducing indicated a band about 60 kDs. A High concentration of the recombinant protein obtained from the single-step purification by affinity-chromatography (Glutathione Sepharose 4B), and purified recombinant Sd protein appeared at about 38.2 kDa. Conclusion: results showed Sd recombinant protein has antigenic characteristics and it can be used for diagnostic aims

Spatiotemporal analysis of brucellosis incidence in Iran from 2011 to 2014 using GIS

Objective: To investigate the distribution and trends associated with brucellosis incidence rates in Iran from 2011 to 2014