David Hume's analysis of causality

This diploma thesis is focused on David Hume's analysis of causality. The two major philosophical works about this topic are A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiries concerning Human Understanding. The first chapter is about intellectual background which Hume came from when he is dealing with cause-effect problem. At that time there were two main epistemological theories: rationalism and empirism. Both will be discuss there. The next chapter is about Hume's way of thinking about human understanding. This chapter is important for us beacuse there are many terms which will be useful for understanding causality. Crucial role plays The Theory of Ideas, according to each content of a mind has a source in experience. The first perceptions are called impresions and their copies are called ideas. Ideas are processed by memory and imagination. There are two categories of contents of human understanding: relations of ideas and matters of facts. We will focus on matters of facts because they are based on causality. Hume as a empirist is searching for a source of idea of causality in our experience. He finds out that we cant find it in objects of our minds themselves, but is based on relations among them. These relations are: contiguity, constant conjunction, priority of time in the cause before the effect and...Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na pojetí kauzality u skotského filosofa Davida Huma. Stěžejní pro nás budou jeho dvě díla: Zkoumání o lidském rozumu a Pojednání o lidské přirozenosti. Na začátku v krátkosti uvedu čtenáře do intelektuálního prostředí novověké filosofie, která zásadním způsobem ovlivnila způsob, jakým Hume přistupuje k problematice vztahu příčiny a účinku. Především nás v tomto ohledu budou zajímat rozpory mezi racionalistickou a empirickou teorií poznání. V další části se budeme zabývat tím, jak nahlíží na možnosti lidského poznání sám Hume. Bude to pro nás důležité především z toho důvodu, že se díky tomu naučíme používat terminologii, se kterou se setkáme dále při rozboru vztahu příčinnosti. Klíčovou úlohu zde má teorie idejí, jejíž základní premisou je, že všechny obsahy naší mysli mají svůj původ ve zkušenosti. Prvně se vyskytnuvší percepce nazývá impresemi, jejich následné kopie, s nimiž pracuje naše mysl, pak idejemi. Ideje jsou zpracovány dvěma mohoucnostmi - pamětí a obrazností. Dále nás bude zajímat rozdělení předmětů lidského poznání na dvě základní kategorie, a to na vztahy idejí a faktické okolnosti. Zaměříme se především na analýzu faktických okolností, protože ty vyjadřují závěry, které činíme o světě kolem nás a jsou založené na předpokládaném kauzálním vztahu mezi...Katedra občanské výchovy a filosofieFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Towards the Establishment of a Porcine Model to Study Human Amebiasis

BACKGROUND: Entamoeba histolytica is an important parasite of the human intestine. Its life cycle is monoxenous with two stages: (i) the trophozoite, growing in the intestine and (ii) the cyst corresponding to the dissemination stage. The trophozoite in the intestine can live as a commensal leading to asymptomatic infection or as a tissue invasive form producing mucosal ulcers and liver abscesses. There is no animal model mimicking the whole disease cycle. Most of the biological information on E. histolytica has been obtained from trophozoite adapted to axenic culture. The reproduction of intestinal amebiasis in an animal model is difficult while for liver amebiasis there are well-described rodent models. During this study, we worked on the assessment of pigs as a new potential model to study amebiasis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We first co-cultured trophozoites of E. histolytica with porcine colonic fragments and observed a disruption of the mucosal architecture. Then, we showed that outbred pigs can be used to reproduce some lesions associated with human amebiasis. A detailed analysis was performed using a washed closed-jejunal loops model. In loops inoculated with virulent amebas a severe acute ulcerative jejunitis was observed with large hemorrhagic lesions 14 days post-inoculation associated with the presence of the trophozoites in the depth of the mucosa in two out four animals. Furthermore, typical large sized hepatic abscesses were observed in the liver of one animal 7 days post-injection in the portal vein and the liver parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS: The pig model could help with simultaneously studying intestinal and extraintestinal lesion development

Selected ICT trends in South Korea and Japan

The bachelor thesis is focused on recent trends and use of ICT in context of Asian countries specifically on South Korea and Japan. The first part describes history of Japan and South Korea economies. Then it is connected to description of current state in both economies. The next part of thesis is focused on selected ICT trends which directly affect life of inhabitants and economies in these states. Ordinary person and his needs are important elements of this document. Trends are further compared with western countries like USA and Europe. Selected trends which affect human lives and economics are instant messaging, progress in crime forecasting, robotics and concept of smart cities. Main goal of last part in this thesis is estimate future development in analyzed ICT trends

Motivation of students of Humanities on the University of Pardubice to study on university

Práce má za cíl charakterizovat motivační faktory pro nástup na vysokou školu, a určit, které z nich jsou převládající. V teoretické části budou definovány základní pojmy týkající se motivace. S tím souvisejí motivační teorie, z nich největší prostor bude poskytnut teorii hierarchie potřeb Abrahama Maslowa. Dále se práce zaměří na uplatnitelnost vysokoškolského vzdělání, vlivu rodiny a genderu při rozhodování o nástupu na vysokou školu. Praktická část bude vycházet z dotazníkového šetření studentů Humanitních studií Univerzity Pardubice, které bude zjišťovat motivaci k nástupu na vysokou školu a jejich spokojenost s průběhem studia.The work aims to characterize motivational factors leading to start studying on the college and determine which factors are prevalent. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to motivation, inluding motivational theories of which the largest space is provided to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The work further focuses on the recent situation of higher education in the Czech republic in comparison to other countries, directed especially on the employability of higher education and attitude of students towards the education. The practical part of the work is based on the survey among the students of Humanities on the University of Pardubice. The survey examines the motivation to begin university education and satisfaction during the learning processes.Fakulta filozofick

David Hume's analysis of causality

This diploma thesis is focused on David Hume's analysis of causality. The two major philosophical works about this topic are A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiries concerning Human Understanding. The first chapter is about intellectual background which Hume came from when he is dealing with cause-effect problem. At that time there were two main epistemological theories: rationalism and empirism. Both will be discuss there. The next chapter is about Hume's way of thinking about human understanding. This chapter is important for us beacuse there are many terms which will be useful for understanding causality. Crucial role plays The Theory of Ideas, according to each content of a mind has a source in experience. The first perceptions are called impresions and their copies are called ideas. Ideas are processed by memory and imagination. There are two categories of contents of human understanding: relations of ideas and matters of facts. We will focus on matters of facts because they are based on causality. Hume as a empirist is searching for a source of idea of causality in our experience. He finds out that we cant find it in objects of our minds themselves, but is based on relations among them. These relations are: contiguity, constant conjunction, priority of time in the cause before the effect and..

Nazi Occupation of the Czech Frontiers and Czech Lands

The thesis deals with impact of the Nazi occupation on the church administration. The aim is to describe as thoroughly as possible the results of the occupation of the Czech borderland as well as remaining area Bohemia and Moravia for the church administration and also to touch some other questions related to this theme. I chose this topic because of my interest in history. The issues of churches and religion societies are also close to me. During writing Master's degree thesis I studied special literature and I visited bishopric in České Budějovice and National archive. The work is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the occupation of the Czech borderland by German army and subsequent government at this region. The second chapter describes the impact of the occupation on the Roman Catholic Church administration, namely administration in individual dioceses, commissariats of Wroclaw archdiocese on the Czech territory, attempts to fill the vacancy of diocesan bishops from the part of the Apostolic See and consequences for the structure of congregations. The third chapter outlines German church politics and its impact on the church life in the occupied borderland, especially relationship of believers to the national issue, German steps aimed against churches, persecution of..

Selected ICT trends in South Korea and Japan

Bakalářská práce se soustředí na aktuální trendy a využívání ICT se zaměřením na asijské země, konkrétně Jižní Koreu a Japonsko. V první části je rozebrána historie ekonomik Japonska a Jižní Koreje, na ní je navázáno popisem současného stavu zemí z ekonomického hlediska. Následující části se soustředí na vybrané ICT trendy, které přímo ovlivňují životy obyvatel a ekonomiky těchto států. Běžný člověk a jeho potřeby jsou důležitou součástí této práce. Trendy jsou dále porovnány se západním světem, tedy Evropou a USA. Mezi trendy, které ovlivňují životy lidí a ekonomiku řadím instant messaging, pokroky v předpovídání kriminální činnosti, robotiku nebo koncept chytrých měst. Cílem závěrečné části této práce je odhad budoucího vývoje analyzovaných ICT trendů.The bachelor thesis is focused on recent trends and use of ICT in context of Asian countries specifically on South Korea and Japan. The first part describes history of Japan and South Korea economies. Then it is connected to description of current state in both economies. The next part of thesis is focused on selected ICT trends which directly affect life of inhabitants and economies in these states. Ordinary person and his needs are important elements of this document. Trends are further compared with western countries like USA and Europe. Selected trends which affect human lives and economics are instant messaging, progress in crime forecasting, robotics and concept of smart cities. Main goal of last part in this thesis is estimate future development in analyzed ICT trends

Nazi Occupation of the Czech Frontiers and Czech Lands

The thesis deals with impact of the Nazi occupation on the church administration. The aim is to describe as thoroughly as possible the results of the occupation of the Czech borderland as well as remaining area Bohemia and Moravia for the church administration and also to touch some other questions related to this theme. I chose this topic because of my interest in history. The issues of churches and religion societies are also close to me. During writing Master's degree thesis I studied special literature and I visited bishopric in České Budějovice and National archive. The work is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the occupation of the Czech borderland by German army and subsequent government at this region. The second chapter describes the impact of the occupation on the Roman Catholic Church administration, namely administration in individual dioceses, commissariats of Wroclaw archdiocese on the Czech territory, attempts to fill the vacancy of diocesan bishops from the part of the Apostolic See and consequences for the structure of congregations. The third chapter outlines German church politics and its impact on the church life in the occupied borderland, especially relationship of believers to the national issue, German steps aimed against churches, persecution of..