Data-driven Modeling of Building Consumption Profile for Optimal Flexibility: Application to Energy Intensive Industry

International audienceDespite the vast research on the flexibility of buildings consumption, current literature is more about predicting the impacts of energy flexibility than fo-cusing on its modeling. In this paper, a methodology is provided to go from data-driven modeling of the load consumption to an optimization problem with a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. Illustrated on an Energy Intensive Industries (EII) with an economic point of view, the methodology is suitable for any consumption site, allowing optimal energy planning studies at the district scale. Thus, it facilitates the definition of flexibility strategies to exploit the complementary of uses of the districts

Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻¹⁶ W/√Hz

Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻¹⁶ W/√Hz

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

OMEGAlpes : outil d’aide à la décision pour une planification énergétique multi-fluides optimale à l’échelle des quartiers

Mostly responsible for climate change, the energy sector is particularly targeted and energy transition policies are emerging, based on the principles of sobriety, efficiency and low-carbon energy production. Energy systems need to adapt quickly to these changes and be designed to consider a multi-energy approach and demand-side management strategies. In this context, this thesis proposes to develop a methodology and an associated decision support tool OMEGAlpes, offering the different energy actors an aid to design, size, and manage energy systems at the district level. First, an optimal energy planning approach will be developed. A methodology, based on power balances will then be presented, to treat generically study cases about energy planning at the district scale, and then illustrated on a case of wasted heat recycling. Consumption models based on statistical approaches will then be used to represent temporal flexibility scenarios (load shifting). An alternative to this data approach, based on the physical modeling of buildings, will then be presented through the use of reduced thermal models. Finally, all of these models will be capitalized within an automatic generation tool for optimization models, based on a methodology for building energy models from generic elements. The development of this open source tool, in Python language, and the principle of automatic generation of models will finally be detailed.Majoritairement responsable du dérèglement climatique, le secteur de l’énergie est particulièrement visé et des politiques de transition énergétique voient le jour, en s’appuyant sur les principes de sobriété, d’efficacité et de productions énergétiques bas-carbone. Les systèmes énergétiques doivent s’adapter rapidement à ces changements et être conçus de façon à intégrer une approche multi-énergies et des stratégies de gestion de la demande. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose de développer une méthodologie et un outil d’aide à la décision associé, offrant aux différents acteurs énergétiques une aide pour concevoir, dimensionner, et gérer les systèmes énergétiques au niveau des quartiers. En premier lieu, une approche de planification énergétique par optimisation sera développée. Une méthodologie, basée sur des bilans de puissance sera ensuite présentée, pour traiter de façon générique des cas d’étude de planification énergétique à l’échelle du quartier, puis illustrée sur un cas de valorisation de chaleur fatale. Des modèles de consommation basés sur des approches statistiques seront ensuite employés, afin de représenter des scénarios de flexibilité temporelle (décalage d’usages). Une alternative à cette approche par les données, basée sur la modélisation physique des bâtiments, sera ensuite présentée à travers l’utilisation de modèles thermiques réduits. Enfin, l’ensemble de ces modèles sera capitalisé au sein d’un outil de génération automatique de modèles d’optimisation, s’appuyant sur une méthodologie de construction de modèles énergétiques à partir d’éléments génériques. Le développement de cet outil open source, en langage Python, et le principe de génération automatique des modèles sera enfin détaillé

An Approach to Study District Thermal Flexibility Using Generative Modeling from Existing Data

Energy planning at the neighborhood level is a major development axis for the energy transition. This scale allows the pooling of production and storage equipment, as well as new possibilities for demand-side management such as flexibility. To manage this growing complexity, one needs two tools. The first concerns modeling, allowing exhaustive simulation analyses of buildings and their energy systems. The second concerns optimization, making it possible to decide on the sizing or control of energy systems. In this article, we analyze, in the case of an existing residential neighborhood, the ability to study by modeling and optimization tools two scenarios of energy flexibility of indoor heating. We propose in particular a method allowing to rely on a varied set of data available to build the various models necessary for optimization tools or dynamic simulation. A study was conducted to identify the neighborhood&rsquo;s flexibility potential in minimizing C O 2 emissions, through shared physical storage, or storage in the building envelope. The results of this optimization study were then compared to their application to the virtual neighborhood by simulation

Impact of Heat Pump Flexibility in a French Residential Eco-District

This paper investigates the impact of load shedding strategies on a block of multiple buildings. It particularly deals with the quantification of the factors i.e., peak shaving, occupants&rsquo; thermal comfort or CO 2 emission reduction and how to quickly quantify them. To achieve this goal, the paper focuses on a new residential district, thermally fed by heat pumps. Four modeling approaches were implemented in order to estimate buildings&rsquo; response towards load shedding. Two schemes were combined in order to study an overall load shedding. This strategy for the neighborhood has proved itself efficient for both peak shaving and thermal comfort. Most of the clipped heating load during the peak period is shifted to low-consumption periods, providing an effective peak shaving. The thermal comfort is guaranteed for at least 96% of the time. For CO 2 emissions reduction, the link between consumption reduction and CO 2 emissions savings should be realized carefully, since shifting the consumption could increase these emissions

OMEGAlpes : decision support tool for an optimal multi-carriers energy planning at the district scale

Majoritairement responsable du dérèglement climatique, le secteur de l’énergie est particulièrement visé et des politiques de transition énergétique voient le jour, en s’appuyant sur les principes de sobriété, d’efficacité et de productions énergétiques bas-carbone. Les systèmes énergétiques doivent s’adapter rapidement à ces changements et être conçus de façon à intégrer une approche multi-énergies et des stratégies de gestion de la demande. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose de développer une méthodologie et un outil d’aide à la décision associé, offrant aux différents acteurs énergétiques une aide pour concevoir, dimensionner, et gérer les systèmes énergétiques au niveau des quartiers. En premier lieu, une approche de planification énergétique par optimisation sera développée. Une méthodologie, basée sur des bilans de puissance sera ensuite présentée, pour traiter de façon générique des cas d’étude de planification énergétique à l’échelle du quartier, puis illustrée sur un cas de valorisation de chaleur fatale. Des modèles de consommation basés sur des approches statistiques seront ensuite employés, afin de représenter des scénarios de flexibilité temporelle (décalage d’usages). Une alternative à cette approche par les données, basée sur la modélisation physique des bâtiments, sera ensuite présentée à travers l’utilisation de modèles thermiques réduits. Enfin, l’ensemble de ces modèles sera capitalisé au sein d’un outil de génération automatique de modèles d’optimisation, s’appuyant sur une méthodologie de construction de modèles énergétiques à partir d’éléments génériques. Le développement de cet outil open source, en langage Python, et le principe de génération automatique des modèles sera enfin détaillé.Mostly responsible for climate change, the energy sector is particularly targeted and energy transition policies are emerging, based on the principles of sobriety, efficiency and low-carbon energy production. Energy systems need to adapt quickly to these changes and be designed to consider a multi-energy approach and demand-side management strategies. In this context, this thesis proposes to develop a methodology and an associated decision support tool OMEGAlpes, offering the different energy actors an aid to design, size, and manage energy systems at the district level. First, an optimal energy planning approach will be developed. A methodology, based on power balances will then be presented, to treat generically study cases about energy planning at the district scale, and then illustrated on a case of wasted heat recycling. Consumption models based on statistical approaches will then be used to represent temporal flexibility scenarios (load shifting). An alternative to this data approach, based on the physical modeling of buildings, will then be presented through the use of reduced thermal models. Finally, all of these models will be capitalized within an automatic generation tool for optimization models, based on a methodology for building energy models from generic elements. The development of this open source tool, in Python language, and the principle of automatic generation of models will finally be detailed

Autour de l'analyse géométrique. 1) Comportement au bord des fonctions harmoniques 2) Rectifiabilité dans le groupe de Heisenberg

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à deux thèmes d'analyse géométrique. Le premier concerne le comportement asymptotique des fonctions harmoniques en relation avec la géométrie, sur des graphes et des variétés. Nous étudions des critères de convergence au bord des fonctions harmoniques, comme celui de la bornitude non-tangentielle, de la finitude de l'énergie ou encore de la densité de l'énergie. Nous nous plaçons pour cela dans différents cadres comme les graphes hyperboliques au sens de Gromov, les variétés hyperboliques au sens de Gromov, les graphes de Diestel-Leader ou encore dans un cadre abstrait pour obtenir des résultats pour les points du bord minimal de Martin. Les méthodes probabilistes utilisées exploitent le lien entre les fonctions harmoniques et les martingales. Le deuxième thème abordé dans cette thèse concerne l'étude des propriétés des ensembles rectifiables de dimension 1 dans le groupe de Heisenberg, en relation avec des opérateurs d'intégrales singulières. Nous étendons à ce contexte sous-riemannien une partie des résultats de la théorie des ensembles uniformément rectifiables de David et Semmes. Nous obtenons notamment un théorème géométrique du voyageur de commerce qui fournit une condition pour qu'un ensemble Ahlfors-régulier du premier groupe de Heisenberg soit contenu dans une courbe Ahlfors-régulière.In this thesis, we are interested in two topics of geometric analysis. The first one is concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of harmonic functions in connection with geometry on graphs and manifolds. We study criteria for convergence at boundary of harmonic functions such as non-tangential boundedness, finiteness of non-tangential energy or finiteness of the energy density. We deal with Gromov hyperbolic manifolds, Gromov hyperbolic graphs, Diestel-Leader graphs and with an abstract frame to obtain criteria at minimal Martin boundary points. The methods, coming from probability theory and metric geometry, use the relation between harmonic functions and martingales. The second topic concerns the rectifiability properties of 1-dimensional sets in the Heisenberg group in connection with the boundedness of singular integral operators. We extend to this sub-Riemannian setting parts of the theory of uniformly rectifiable sets due to David and Semmes. In particular, we obtain a geometric traveling salesman theorem which provides a condition for an Ahlfors regular set of the first Heisenberg group to be contained in an Ahlfors regular curve.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Building Reduced Model for MILP Optimization: Application to Demand Response of Residential Buildings

International audienceThis paper addresses the topic of the electrical flexibility on the demand-side, by focusing on the residential buildings. Specifically, it aims to quickly formulate the optimal operation of building heat pumps, according to environmental or grid issues. Indeed the literature shows many examples of quantification of the flexibility impacts, but mostly relying on pre-defined strategies. To go from the evaluation of some strategies to the formulation of the optimal planning , we are introducing a methodology based on the automatic generation of models dedicated to mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization. Finally , the method was applied to a new residential building during a month of winter