Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Aluminium Alloys 7075 and 2024

Aluminum and its alloys are central materials for the aircraft industry. Aluminum alloys (AA) 7075 and 2024 are widely used both in the structures and in brittle sections of the airplanes. The presence of the alloying elements in these metals makes them susceptible to localized corrosion at the same time vulnerable to bacterial attachment. A great number of reports on aircraft deterioration are related to microbial growth by contamination inside fuel storage tanks and aircraft wing tanks; this phenomenon is known as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). As expected, corrosion and biocorrosion increase maintenance costs and time of the aircraft in the hangar. Therefore, the growing interest is to shed light on these issues and develop future inhibition methods. In this chapter, we will give an overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion associated with AA 2024 and 7075 by consortia and bacteria. Three mechanisms of biocorrosion in aluminium alloys have been described. In addition, some alternatives methods to battle the effect of biocorrosion will be shown, these methods are based on green compound which blocking of attached of bacteria and promote the detachment of biofilm, being these a tendency of the last innovation way to inhibit this kind of phenomenon

Sol-Gel Films: Corrosion Protection Coating for Aluminium Alloy

Aluminum alloys used in aeronautical industry are susceptible to corrosion. The solution to this problem is base chromate materials, which have been heavily regulated and restricted. The development of alternatives begins in the 1970s and the 2000s, where some potential methodologies were established. The sol-gel process is one of these methods, in which thin oxide layers are deposited on the metal substrate. An important aspect is the fact of possible combinations among types of oxides and the incorporation of an organic compound to improve the performance of the films; moreover, this allows the addition of inhibitors and nanomaterials, making this method an interesting and versatile way to obtain a coating. In this chapter, we will describe the importance of the use of coating synthesized via sol-gel in the corrosion protection of metal surfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of using modified sol-gel polymer films and hybrid system coatings will also be discussed, as well as the methodologies for the chemical characterization and the feasibility of evaluating the mechanical properties of the coatings

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramienta para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia Departamento de Cundinamarca

El presente informe del Paso 4 – Evaluación Nacional: abordaje de contextos desde los enfoques narrativos, contiene las actividades desarrolladas durante el proceso académico, con el fin de realizar la profundización de los impactos de violencia sociopolítica en Colombia, estando comprendida en dos etapas: la primera de carácter individual, donde se estudia y se analiza el caso seleccionado por el grupo colaborativo, relato Carlos Arturo, para dar paso a las preguntas y respuestas planteadas del caso elegido, una vez realizado el ejercicio se da continuidad en la formulación de tres tipos de preguntas, circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas cuyo fin pretende dar acercamiento de orden psicosocial, como de principios éticos en la resolución de los conflictos en condiciones de victimización. Se abordan estrategias metodológicas y conceptuales para el acompañamiento psicosocial en distintos escenarios de violencia, desde la comprensión de las subjetividades como fuentes importantes de memoria y la acción transformadora y favorecer de recursos de afrontamiento colectivo correspondiente a la segunda instancia de trabajo colaborativo, con el caso Panduri cuyo abordaje psicosocial se desarrolla y se propone mediante estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial, que ayuden a contribuir en el mejoramiento de las víctimas en su estado físico, mental y psicológico, y que en su condición de resilientes puedan alcanzar mejores metas en su calidad de vida. Como último ítems se hace entrega del análisis y reflexión; experiencia de foto voz, link del blog y conclusiones de la actividad anterior, Paso 3 del diplomado que se viene realizando.This report on Step 4 - National Evaluation: Boarding on contexts from narrative approaches, contains the activities developed during the academic process, in order to deepen the impacts of socio-political violence in Colombia, being comprised of two stages: The first of an individual nature, where the case selected by the collaborative group is studied and analyzed, Carlos Arturo story, to continue with the questions and answers raised of the chosen case. Once the exercise is carried out, there is the formulation of three types of questions: Circular, reflective and strategic, the purpose of which is to provide a psychosocial approach, as well as ethical principles in the resolution of conflicts in conditions of victimization. Methodological and conceptual strategies for psychosocial support in different scenarios of violence are addressed, from the understanding of subjectivities as important sources of memory and transformative action and empowerment of collective facing resources, which correspond in the second instance to collaborative activity, with the Panduri case whose psychosocial approach is developed and proposed through psychosocial support strategies that help to contribute to the improvement of the victims in their physical, mental and psychological state, that in their condition of resilience can achieve better goals for their quality of life. As the last item, the analysis and reflection of the photovoice experience is delivered, also the blog link and conclusions of the previous activity, Step 3 of the diplomat that is being carried out

Optimizing the electrocatalytic activity of surface confined Co macrocyclics for the electrooxidation of thiocyanate at pH 4

We have studied the trends in catalytic activity of several Co macrocyclics confined on the surface graphite electrodes for the oxidation of thiocyanate. A plot of log i (at constant E) versus the formal potential of the catalyst gives a volcano correlation, indicating that the Co(II/I) redox potential needs to be tuned, in order to achieve maximum reactivity. Graphite electrodes modified with Co phthalocyanine at pH 4 exhibit linear amperometric response for thiocyanate concentration in the range 10−7 and 10−3 M. Theoretical calculations show that electrocatalytic activity (as log i at constant E) plotted versus the energy of the LUMO of the Co complex also gives a volcano correlation

Implementation software for generating quotations ancestral medicine for patients In Indian Community Mhuysqa

Se describe el proceso de creación de un sistema de información Web, con la implementación de SOFTWARE PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE CITAS DE MEDICINA ANCESTRAL PARA PACIENTES EN COMUNIDAD INDÍGENA MHUYSQA, el sistema permitirá a la comunidad y personas externas, la integración de servicio de salud, la comunidad actualmente no cuenta, con un sistema computarizado que permita llevar un control preciso de sus pacientes, la aplicación web estará disponible en los equipos necesarios, para su fácil manejo y optima funcionalidad, se busca registrar los datos básicos previos y posteriores a las citas, esto con el fin de facilitar a pacientes y funcionarios el acceso a la información en tiempo real, mejorando las condiciones del servicio de salud de las comunidades indígenas. Para esta implementación se desarrolló el modelo de programación: MVC (modelo, vista, controlador), como parte fundamental del diseño, garantizando un sistema gráfico, flexible y amigable para su fácil uso, en la ejecución de esta aplicación se hizo la inclusión de la plantilla de administración AdminLTE, como ambiente de desarrollo. La base de datos se diseñó en MySQL, es el motor de esta aplicación que se desarrolló en PHP, con esta base de datos se proyecta satisfacer las necesidades del Cabildo Mhuysqa, para lograr obtener una lista oficial de los miembros de la comunidad y ver el comportamiento de las estadísticas poblacionales mostrando diferentes condiciones de la comunidad en general.The process of creation of the System Web information with software deployment FOR GENERATING APPOINTMENTS OF MEDICINE ANCESTRAL FOR PATIENTS IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY MHUYSQA, the system will enable the Community and the outsiders, the Integration Service described Health, Community CURRENTLY no Account with a computerized accounting system that allows control Accurate UN patients, the web application will be available in the necessary equipment, paragraph Do Easy handling and optimum functionality, recorder Wanted Basic data Previous and after appointments, this in order to facilitate and officials Patients access to real-time information Improving Health Service Conditions of Indigenous Communities. For esta Implementation the example SE DEVELOPMENT programming: MVC (Model, View, Controller) As a fundamental part of the design, ensuring graphic United Nations System, flexible and for friendly Do Easy to use, in the execution of esta application is made the inclusion of template AdminLTE Administration, Como Development Environment. DATABASE IS Design in MySQL, is the engine of esta application that was developed in PHP, based air esta Data is projected to meet the needs of the Cabildo Mhuysqa to achieve v Get An Official Member of the Community and Afficher Behavior of population Statistics Showing Different Conditions community

Review of the qualitative elements for the construction of a multidimensional index of humanized childbirth

El parto, en la mujer es un evento que ha sido llevado al hospital desde la primera mitad del siglo XX, permitiendo así una atención centrada en la disminución de la tasa de mortalidad materna y muerte temprana neonatal; la necesidad de recuperar la autonomía y los derechos de la mujer y su familia, sobre el parto, ha generado la implantación de la política de humanización, como trasfondo en los lineamientos, las estrategias y las rutas de atención para la mujer gestante en las instituciones de salud. Es así, que las experiencias de las mujeres, los valores, los sentimientos, los pensamientos, los deseos, las necesidades; se convierten, en hallazgos imprescindibles, a la hora de validar una atención humanizada, en la labor de parto. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general, realizar una revisión sistematizada de la literatura, lineamientos y guías de atención de algunos países, con el fin de extraer elementos cualitativos de la experiencia de la humanización en el parto, de la mujer gestante frente al sistema de salud. La identificación de elementos cualitativos en la atención pudo agrupar tres dimensiones: acompañamiento, atención en salud y manejo del dolor; estas dimensiones, buscaron describir la intersubjetividad del fenómeno del parto, en cuanto a la experiencia de la mujer, logrando una propuesta de medición tanto de las suficiencias o carencias de los servicios prestadores de salud, en la propuesta de humanización. Se logró establecer, algunas preguntas en lenguaje sencillo y claro hacia la mujer embarazada, para identificar esa relación con el personal de la salud en la experiencia del trabajo de parto, con el fin, de generar una propuesta, para medir los diferentes aspectos de estas dimensiones, en el marco de la política de humanización, como generadora de calidad en la atención en salud.Magíster en Salud PúblicaMaestríaChildbirth in women is an event that has been taken to the hospital since the first half of the 20th century, thus allowing care focused on reducing the rate of maternal mortality and early neonatal death; The need to recover the autonomy and rights of women and their families, regarding childbirth, has generated the implementation of the humanization policy, as a background in the guidelines, strategies and care routes for pregnant women in institutions. of health. Thus, the experiences of women, values, feelings, thoughts, desires, needs; they become essential findings when it comes to validating a humanized care during labor. The general objective of this research was to carry out a systematic review of the literature, guidelines and care guidelines of some countries, in order to extract qualitative elements of the experience of humanization in childbirth, of the pregnant woman in front of the health system. . The identification of qualitative elements in care was able to group three dimensions: accompaniment, health care and pain management; These dimensions sought to describe the intersubjectivity of the childbirth phenomenon, in terms of the woman's experience, achieving a measurement proposal of both the sufficiency or lack of health care services, in the humanization proposal. It was possible to establish some questions in simple and clear language towards the pregnant woman, to identify that relationship with the health personnel in the experience of labor, in order to generate a proposal, to measure the different aspects of these dimensions, within the framework of the humanization policy, as a generator of quality in health care

Ostwald Ripening and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Capped by Anti-Inflammatory Ligands

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied during recent decades as antimicrobial agents. However, their stability and antibacterial activity over time have yet to be sufficiently studied. In this work, AgNPs were coated with different stabilizers (naproxen and diclofenac and 5-chlorosalicylic acid) in different concentrations. The suspensions of nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial activity as a function of time was determined through microbiological studies against Staphylococcus aureus. The AgNPs show differences in stabilities when changing the coating agent and its concentration. This fact could be a consequence of the difference in the nature of the interaction between the stabilizer and the surface of the NPs, which were evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, an increase in the size of the nanoparticles was observed after 30 days, which could be related to an Ostwald maturation phenomenon. This result raises new questions about the role that stabilizers play on the surface of NPs, promoting size change in NPs. It is highly probable that the stabilizer functions as a growth controller of the NPs, thus determining an effect on their biological properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity was evaluated over time against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the protective or stabilizing agents can play an important role in the antibacterial capacity, the control of the size of the AgNPs and additionally in the stability over time

Unusual behaviour of perflurorinated cobalt phthalocyanine compared to unsubstituted cobalt phthalocyanine for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. Effect of the surface concentration of the catalyst on the graphite surface

We have found that CoPc and 16(F)CoPc when adsorbed on graphite electrode exhibit voltammograms in alkaline solution (0.2M NaOH) that show the typical redox peaks attributed to the Co(II)/(I) reversible. The peak potential for CoPc is independent of surface concentration of the catalyst. In contrast, for 16(F)CoPc the Co(II)/(I) redox process shifts to more negative potentials when the surface concentration of the catalyst increases. In a volcano correlation of log (i/G)E (activity per active site) versus Co (II)/(I) formal potential of catalyst (using several CoN4 chelates) CoPc appears in the ascending portion (activity increases with the Co (II)/(I) redox potential) whereas 16(F)CoPc appears in the region where activity decreases with the redox potential. In a plot of log (i/G)E versus the Co(II)/(I) formal potential of 16(F)CoPc the declining portion of the volcano is reproduced for one single complex. So 16(F)CoPc at different surface concentrations behaves as Co complexes having different redox potential in the declining portion of the volcano plot, when the activity is normalized for the surface concentration. This is not observed for CoPc

Enfermedad meningocócica. Comportamiento epidemiológico y efecto de la vacunación

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de la enfermedad meningocócica en los últimos años y las estrategias de inmunización implementadas para su control en las diferentes regiones geográficas. Desarrollo: La enfermedad meningocócica persiste como un problema de salud mundial por su potencial epidémico. Es causada por Neisseria meningitidis, un diplococo gramnegativo que integra la microbiota de la nasofaringe humana y ante determinadas circunstancias puede diseminarse y causar una enfermedad invasiva. La mayoría de los casos son producidos por seis serogrupos (A, B, C, W-135, X y Y) de los trece clasificados, cuya incidencia es muy variable. Los recién nacidos y niños menores de un año son los de mayor riesgo por el poco desarrollo de su sistema inmune y la declinación progresiva de la inmunidad materna pasiva. Las mayores tasas de prevalencia de portadores se registran en los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Con el objetivo de reducir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad se implementan diferentes estrategias entre las que destacan los programas de inmunización con diferentes vacunas que demuestran su efectividad en la reducción del número de casos fatales y el control de brotes y epidemias. Conclusiones: La enfermedad meningocócica persiste como un importante problema de salud en varias regiones del mundo y la vacunación demuestra ser la mejor alternativa en la prevención de los casos graves. La implementación de estrategias vacunales y el desarrollo de nuevos inmunógenos debe constituir una prioridad para la comunidad científic