Ecological Status, Natural Productivity, Physico-Chemical and Biological Factors Controlling Productivity in the Bow Lake of Bansadaha, Burdwan

The basic understanding of the limnology productive potentials and fish productions of beel water body is essential for the sustainable development at Bansdahabeel in Burdwan The area of Bansdahabeel is 26-hectare having depth 1 75 to 5 5m An investigation was conducted on the ecology of the beels productivity plankton and macrophytes Transparency value was low during summer and the pH was slightly alkaline The monthly mean values of dissolved oxygen were somewhat lower in this closed beel water body The nitrate values were higher in summer and lower during the monsoon period The soil contains 93 of sand Among the plankton community phytoplankton formed the main portion of the total plankton Cyanophyceae was the major contributor among the phytoplankton as Chlorophyceae was the second largest group The monthly mean value of the zooplankton population was 417 22 l-1 in Bansdahabeel The beel harbours mixed population of macrophytes with the dominance of submerged plants throughout the year Fish production was recorded to 1159 83 kg ha yr However the production of carps was much higher than the miscellaneous fishes This study may be helpful in optimum utilization and sustainable management of the beel The management and conservation are essential to ensure a higher fish yiel

Histological characteristic of interrenal and chromaffin cells in relation to ovarian activities in Mystus vittatus (Bloch) during growth, maturation, spawning and post-spawning phases

The histological status of adrenocortical tissues and the correlated seasonal changes in ovarian activities in Mystus vittatus was performed. The tubules and nests of interrenal and chromaffin cells were located in cephalic kidney around the main branches of posterior cardinal vein. Various female germ line cells were identified in the ovary based on size, distinctive features and histoarchitechture of the cells. However, on the basis of relative abundance and size of the different oocytes, the event of oogenesis has been found to occur in four distinct phases, including growth, maturation, spawning and post-spawning. The cytoplasmic features and the architecture of the interrenal and chromaffin cells varied during different phases of the reproductive cycle. During growth and maturation phases, the amount of cytoplasmic granules of interrenal cells increased than chromaffin cells that was in coincidence with the increase of early and late perinucleolar oocytes followed by highest frequency percentage of oocyte at stages IV and V. The cytoplasmic mass of interrenal cells was gradually elevated along with hypertrophied nuclei from the end of maturation and spawning phases also correlated with the increased frequency of mature oocytes. Therefore, gradual accumulation of cytoplasmic granules in the interrenal cells was noticed during post-spawning phase. The cytological variations in the interrenal and chromaffin cells harmonized with constitution of different ovarian cells during different reproductive phase in M. vittatus

Structural characterization of the olfactory epithelium of freshwater olive barb, Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822)

The cellular organization of the olfactory epithelium of Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) was explored by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette was composed of 26-28 primary lamellae distributed from both sides of the central raphe. The sensory epithelium confined chiefly on the linguiform processes of the lamella and rest of the portion consisted of non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium was embossed with morphologically distinct three types of sensory cells: ciliated, rod and microvillus receptor cells. The non-sensory epithelium was made up of mainly stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells. Different cells lining the olfactory epithelium were discussed in relation to mode of life and living of the fish concerned

Comparative histological and histochemical studies on the pancreas of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822), Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1790) and Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)

The histological analysis, disposition and histochemical localization of tryptophan were investigated in the pancreas to compare the cellular organization and histochemical characterization in the pancreas of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822), Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1790) and Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) having different feeding habits. Histological analysis demonstrated that the exocrine pancreatic tissues were dispersed within the hepatic parenchyma and spleen in L. rohita. Thin septa of connective tissue separated parenchyma of liver and also the spleen from exocrine pancreatic cells. However, in M. vittatus, the discrete pancreatic tissue formed distinct oval or elongated acini interspersed with small area of islet of Langerhans and blood vessels. In N. notopterus, the rhomboidal acinar cells of discrete pancreatic tissue intercalated with comparatively clear and large islet of Langerhans. The exocrine acinar cells in all the three species were provided with prominent nuclei and densely packed zymogen granules. Histochemical localization revealed that the zymogen granules of exocrine acinar cells of all species exhibited varied intensities of tryptophan reaction, the precursor of various pancreatic enzymes which may be related to the food and feeding habits of the fishes under study

A comparative study of the histoarchitecture of endocrine pancreas in Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822)

The disposition and cellular organization of the endocrine pancreas were studied in three species of freshwater teleosts viz., Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) using histological techniques. In L. bata, the endocrine pancreas tissues were mainly distributed in the adipose tissue among the intestinal coils and adjacent to extrahepatic bile duct, while in S. aor and C. chitala, the endocrine pancreas predominantly attached with wall of the stomach along with exocrine pancreatic part. Histological analysis demonstrated that the endocrine components of all the three species were enclosed in a thin capsule provided with different cells, interspersed with blood sinuses. The cytoarchitectural analysis showed that in L. bata, β cells were usually arranged in groups while α cells were often interspersed with blood vessels. In S. aor and C. chitala, the rounded or oval α cells were usually arranged either in groups or scattered to the islets periphery and β cells which were densely granulated and typically stained with Aldehyde fuchsin (AF), Romies azan (RA) and Mallory’s triple (MT) were observed in the central areas of the islets and intercalated with blood vessels. The δ like cells were founded at a low frequency and intermingled with β cells and exhibited moderate cytoplasmic granules in L. bata, S. aor and C. chitala. Despite being the subject of extreme controversy, the nature and function of different islet cells were discussed

Histoarchitectural and surface ultrastructural analysis of the olfactory epithelium of Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822)

Organization of various cells lining the olfactory mucosa of Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822) were described by light as well as scanning electron microscopy. The paired olfactory chambers located antero-dorsal to the eyes and communicated outside through anterior and posterior nasal openings. The oval shaped olfactory rosette lied at the bottom of chamber and composed of 18-20 lamellae arranged on either side of median raphe. Sensory and non-sensory regions were distributed separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium consisted mainly of two distinct morphological forms: ciliated and microvillous receptor cells. The non-sensory epithelium contained ciliated non-sensory cells, stratified epithelial cells with concentric microridges and mucous cells. Basal cells were situated at the deeper part of the epithelium, adjacent to the central core. The functional significance of cellular components of the olfactory epithelium was discussed with the habit and habitat of fish

Histological and histochemical characterization on stomach of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton), Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) and Gudusia chapra (Hamilton): Comparative study

The histological features and histochemical characterization of the stomach were investigated in Mystus cavasius (Hamilton), Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) and Gudusia chapra (Hamilton) having different feeding habits. Histologically the stomach of all the three fishes was made up of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The mucosa of superficial epithelium consists of a single layer of compactly arranged columnar epithelial cells. Prominent gastric glands are present in M. cavasius whereas in G. chapra the gastric glands are totally absent in the gizzard like stomach. However, in O. niloticus tubular gastric glands are present in the glandular epithelium of caecal like stomach. The distribution and chemical nature of mucopolysaccharides in the aforementioned fishes were studied histochemically by employing Periodic Acid Schiff’s in combination with the Alcian Blue (PAS–AB) technique. Columnar epithelial cells lining the mucosa of the stomach including mucosal border were provided with exclusively neutral mucin which was probably involved in the protective functions against acid and enzymes. The different intensities of reaction of Best Carmine (BC) for glycogen in the epithelial lining and gastric glands of the stomach of the aforesaid three fish species under study were discussed. The intense reaction for protein and tryptophan was noticed in the gastric epithelium and gastric glands of M. cavasius probably due to accumulation of zymogen granules in the gastric glands. On the contrary, moderate reaction for protein and tryptophan was associated with the epithelial cells and gastric glands of O. niloticus and G. chapra. The cytoarchitecture and different degrees of localization of mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, protein and tryptophan in the stomach of M. cavasius, O. niloticus and G. chapra were correlated with the functional significance of the region concerned

Histomorphological and microanatomical characteristics of the olfactory organ of freshwater carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton)

The morphoanatomy, cellular organization, and surface architecture of the olfactory apparatus in Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette contained 32 ± 2 primary lamellae on each side of the median raphe, and was lodged on the floor of the olfactory chamber. The olfactory lamellae were basically flat and compactly arranged in the rosette. The olfactory chamber communicated to the outside aquatic environment through inlet and outlet apertures with a conspicuous nasal flap in between. The mid dorsal portion of the olfactory lamellae was characterized by a linguiform process. Sensory and non-sensory regions were distributed separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium occupied the apical part including the linguiform process, whereas the resting part of the lamella was covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium comprised both ciliated and microvillous receptor cells distinguished by the architecture on their apical part. The non-sensory epithelium possessed mucous cells, labyrinth cells, and stratified epithelial cells with distinctive microridges. The functional importance of the different cells lining the olfactory mucosa was correlated with the ecological habits of the fish examined