Otoacaríase psoróptica dos caprinos-Infestação subclínica

Naturally occuring subclinical psoroptic otoacariasis in goats is reported in Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro State. Infestation rates of 59.3% and 46% were observed in goats for about twelve months of age in the States of Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro, respectively.A otoacaríase psoróptica subclínica dos caprinos é assinalada nos Estados de Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro. Índices de infestação de 59,3% e 46% foram observados em animais com idade aproximada de doze meses, criados no Estados de Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro, respectivamente.

Evaluation of nutritional care level in adult patients hospitalized at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

No momento da internação, é importante definir o diagnóstico nutricional, pois a hospitalização pode levar a uma piora do estado nutricional. Há evidências na literatura de que pacientes com intervenção nutricional precoce e adequada apresentam melhora nos resultados clínicos e nutricionais. Este estudo teve um delineamento transversal, com o objetivo de identificar o estado nutricional de pacientes adultos avaliados em até 72 horas após a admissão hospitalar, por protocolo de avaliação utilizado para determinação do nível de assistência (NA) nutricional. Foram avaliados 17.836 pacientes, sendo 59% clínicos e 41% cirúrgicos. Destes, 32% foram classificados como NA 3 e NA 4 (maior comprometimento nutricional) e 68% como NA 1A, NA e NA 2. Os dados de peso e altura foram registrados em 63% dos prontuários analisados. Concluímos que é possível avaliar todos os pacientes internados quando estabelecemos protocolos com condutas padronizadas, e identificar a gravidade do estado nutricional priorizando o atendimento de forma qualitativa baseado nos níveis assistenciaisWhen a patient is admitted it is important to define his nutritional diagnosis, since hospital stay may lead to worsening of nutritional status. There is evidence in the literature that patients with early and adequate nutritional intervention have improvement in clinical and nutritional results. This study had a cross-sectional design, with the aim of identifying the nutritional status of adult patients evaluated up to 72 hours after hospital admission, using an evaluation protocol to determine the level of nutritional care (NC). A total of 17,836 patients were evaluated, 59% clinical and 41% surgical. Of these, 32% were classified as NC 3 and NC 4 (higher nutritional impairment) and 68% as NC 1A, NC and NC 2. Weight and height data were recorded in 63% of medical records. In conclusion, it is possible to evaluate all hospitalized patients when there are protocols with standardized conducts, and to identify nutritional status severity by prioritizing care qualitatively based on care levels

POLÍTICAS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE REDUÇÃO DE DANOS PARA USUÁRIOS DE DROGAS

As discussões sobre políticas públicas no que diz respeito aos usuários de drogas ilícitas no Brasil, bem como no que tange a redução dos danos e riscos causados por elas, tem aumentado o interesse entre diversos pesquisadores. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as contribuições das pesquisas brasileiras publicadas em periódicos científicos, que discutem sobre as políticas e as estratégias de redução de danos destinadas aos usuários de drogas ilícitas. Uma revisão integrativa foi elaborada tendo como fontes as bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SCIELO, sendo selecionados 20 artigos publicados no período de 2005 a 2012. Após a análise chegamos a duas categorias: Políticas públicas dirigidas ao usuário de drogas e Estratégias de redução de danos/riscos. Os resultados mostraram que embora existam algumas políticas públicas destinadas a prevenção do uso/abuso de drogas, o tratamento e as estratégias de redução de danos ainda não são suficientes e eficazes

Evaluation of nutritional care level in adult patients hospitalized at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

Introdução: No momento da internação, é importante definir o diagnóstico nutricional, pois a hospitalização pode levar a uma piora do estado nutricional. Há evidências na literatura de que pacientes com intervenção nutricional precoce e adequada apresentam melhora nos resultados clínicos e nutricionais. Métodos: Este estudo teve um delineamento transversal, com o objetivo de identificar o estado nutricional de pacientes adultos avaliados em até 72 horas após a admissão hospitalar, por protocolo de avaliação utilizado para determinação do nível de assistência (NA) nutricional. Resultados: Foram avaliados 17.836 pacientes, sendo 59% clínicos e 41% cirúrgicos. Destes, 32% foram classificados como NA 3 e NA 4 (maior comprometimento nutricional) e 68% como NA 1A, NA e NA 2. Os dados de peso e altura foram registrados em 63% dos prontuários analisados. Conclusão: Concluímos que é possível avaliar todos os pacientes internados quando estabelecemos protocolos com condutas padronizadas, e identificar a gravidade do estado nutricional priorizando o atendimento de forma qualitativa baseado nos níveis assistenciais.Background: When a patient is admitted it is important to define his nutritional diagnosis, since hospital stay may lead to worsening of nutritional status. There is evidence in the literature that patients with early and adequate nutritional intervention have improvement in clinical and nutritional results. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design, with the aim of identifying the nutritional status of adult patients evaluated up to 72 hours after hospital admission, using an evaluation protocol to determine the level of nutritional care (NC). Results: A total of 17,836 patients were evaluated, 59% clinical and 41% surgical. Of these, 32% were classified as NC 3 and NC 4 (higher nutritional impairment) and 68% as NC 1A, NC and NC 2. Weight and height data were recorded in 63% of medical records. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is possible to evaluate all hospitalized patients when there are protocols with standardized conducts, and to identify nutritional status severity by prioritizing care qualitatively based on care levels

Use of a candidate gene array to delineate gene expression patterns in cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to intestinal nematodes

In the present study, we use microarray technology to investigate the expression patterns of 381 genes with known association to host immune responses. Hybridization targets were derived from previously characterized bovine cDNAs. A total of 576 reporters (473 sequence-validated cDNAs and 77 controls) were spotted onto glass slides in two sets of four replicates. Two color, comparative hybridizations across both mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and small intestine mucosa (SIM) RNA samples were done between animals with previously demonstrated phenotypic differences based on natural exposure to gastro- intestinal (GI) nematodes over a 6-month exposure period. A total of 138 significant hybridization differences were detected by mixed model analysis of variance. A subset of these significant differences was validated by quantitative, real-time RT-PCR to assay transcript levels for 18 genes. These results confirmed that in the SIM, susceptible animals showed significantly higher levels in the genes encoding IGHG1, CD3E, ACTB, IRF1, CCL5 and C3, while in the MLN of resistant animals, higher levels of expression were confirmed for PTPRC, CD1D and ITGA4. Combined, the results indicate that immune responses against GI nematode infections involve multiple response pathways. Higher levels of expression for IgE receptor, integrins, complement, monocyte/macrophage and tissue factors are related to resistance. In contrast, higher levels of expression for immunoglobulin chains and TCRs are related to susceptibility. Identification of these genes provides a framework to better understand the genetic variation underlying parasite resistance

Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com mistura de aditivos fitogênicos na dieta

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of blending phytogenic additives in broiler chicken diets on their growth performance and carcass yield. Six hundred and sixty mixed-sex broiler chicks, from 1 to 42 days of age, were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 22 chicks each (11 males and 11 females). Besides the control, treatments with antibiotic (10 ppm virginiamycin) or with blends of phytogenic additives were evaluated: blend A, 150 ppm of a mixture of essential oils from rosemary, clove, ginger, and oregano; blend B, 150 ppm of a mixture of essential oils from cinnamon, sage, white thyme, and copaiba oil‑resin; and blend A+B, a mixture of 50% blend A and 50% blend B. Blend B provided the highest weight gain and better feed conversion rate at the period of 36 to 42 days of age. In the total experimental period, the antibiotic and blend B provided higher broiler weight gain. Feed intake was higher with the antibiotic than with the control. Blend A+B and the control treatment provided higher thigh+drumstick yield and higher relative weight of spleen. The blends B and A+B have potential as performance enhancers for broiler chicken.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de misturas de aditivos fitogênicos na dieta de frangos de corte, sobre seu desempenho zootécnico e rendimento de carcaça. Foram avaliados 660 pintos de sexo misto, entre 1 e 42 dias de idade, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 22 aves (11 machos e 11 fêmeas). Além do controle, foram avaliados tratamentos com antibiótico (10 ppm de virginiamicina) ou com misturas de aditivos fitogênicos: mistura A, 150 ppm de óleos essenciais de alecrim, cravo, gengibre e orégano; mistura B, 150 ppm de óleos essenciais de canela, sálvia, tomilho branco e óleo‑resina de copaíba; e mistura A+B, 50% da mistura A e 50% da B. A mistura B proporcionou maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar das aves, no período de 36 a 42 dias de idade. No período total do experimento, o antibiótico e a mistura B proporcionaram maior ganho de peso das aves. O consumo de ração foi maior com o antibiótico do que com o controle. A mistura A+B e o tratamento controle proporcionaram maior rendimento de coxa+sobrecoxa e maior peso relativo do baço. As mistura B e A+B apresentam potencial como melhoradores de desempenho para frangos de corte

DNA damage in homocystinuria: 8-oxo‑,8‑dihydro‑2’-deoxyguanosine levels in cystathionine-β-synthase deficient patients and the in vitro protective effect of N-acetyl‑L‑cysteine

Introduction: Homocysteine (Hcy) tissue accumulation occurs in a metabolic disease characterized biochemically by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency and clinically by mental retardation, vascular problems, and skeletal abnormalities. Previous studies indicate the occurrence of DNA damage secondary to hyperhomocysteinemia and it was observed that DNA damage occurs in leukocytes from CBS-deficient patients. This study aimed to investigate whether an oxidative mechanism could be involved in DNA damage previously found and investigated the in vitro effect of N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) on DNA damage caused by high Hcy levels. Methods: We evaluated a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in the urine of CBS‑deficient patients, as well as the in vitro effect of NAC on DNA damage caused by high levels of Hcy. Moreover, a biomarker of lipid oxidative damage was also measured in urine of CBS deficient patients. Results: There was an increase in parameters of DNA (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’- deoxyguanosine) and lipid (15-F2t-isoprostanes levels) oxidative damage in CBS-deficient patients when compared to controls. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between 15-F2t-isoprostanes levels and total Hcy concentrations. Besides, an in vitro protective effect of NAC at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM was observed on DNA damage caused by Hcy 50 μM and 200 μM. Additionally, we showed a decrease in sulfhydryl content in plasma from CBS-deficient patients when compared to controls. Discussion: These results demonstrated that DNA damage occurs by an oxidative mechanism in CBS deficiency together with lipid oxidative damage, highlighting the NAC beneficial action upon DNA oxidative process, contributing with a new treatment perspective of the patients affected by classic homocystinuria. Keywords: Cystathionine-β-synthase deficiency; oxidative stress; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro- 2’-deoxyguanosine; homocysteine; DNA damage; N-acetyl-L-cystein