Dopamine receptor D5 signaling plays a dual role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis potentiating Th17-mediated immunity and favoring suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells

Indexación: Scopus.This work was supported by grants FONDECYT-1170093 (to RP) and FONDECYT-3160383 (to CP) from ‘‘Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico de Chile’’, AFB170004 (to RP) from ‘‘Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CONICYT)’’ and DI-1224-16/R (to RP) from Universidad Andres Bello.A number of studies have shown pharmacologic evidence indicating that stimulation of type I dopamine receptor (DR), favors T-helper-17 (Th17)-mediated immunity involved in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in some other inflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, the lack of drugs that might discriminate between DRD1 and DRD5 has made the pharmacological distinction between the two receptors difficult. We have previously shown genetic evidence demonstrating a relevant role of DRD5-signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) favoring the CD4+ T-cell-driven inflammation in EAE. However, the role of DRD5-signaling confined to CD4+ T-cells in the development of EAE is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the functional role of DRD5-signaling in CD4+ T-cell-mediated responses and its relevance in EAE by using a genetic approach. Our results show that DRD5-signaling confined to naive CD4+ T-cells exerts a pro-inflammatory effect promoting the development of EAE with a stronger disease severity. This pro-inflammatory effect observed for DRD5-signaling in naive CD4+ T-cells was related with an exacerbated proliferation in response to T-cell activation and to an increased ability to differentiate toward the Th17 inflammatory phenotype. On the other hand, quite unexpected, our results show that DRD5-signaling confined to Tregs strengthens their suppressive activity, thereby dampening the development of EAE manifestation. This anti-inflammatory effect of DRD5-signaling in Tregs was associated with a selective increase in the expression of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), which has been described to play a critical role in the expansion of Tregs. Our findings here indicate a complex role for DRD5-signaling in CD4+ T-cells-driven responses potentiating early inflammation mediated by effector T-cells in EAE, but exacerbating suppressive activity in Tregs and thereby dampening disease manifestation in late EAE stages. © 2018 Osorio-Barrios, Prado, Contreras and Pacheco.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2018.00192/ful

Transgressing CSR on the organizational value chain: How natural resource companies greenwash their processes

El presente trabajo aborda la pregunta de cómo las empresas de la industria de los recursos naturales implementan prácticas de ‘lavado verde’ (greenwashing) en sus procesos. Para hacerlo, se adopta un enfoque multi-caso en el contexto colombiano. A través del análisis de datos, se proporciona una ejemplificación de cada transgresión del greenwashing de la cadena de valor a nivel de la empresa. Además de destacar una problemática de la vida real con varias implicaciones en un contexto sensible, las contribuciones de este trabajo son básicamente dos. Primero, contribuye a reforzar la noción del greenwashing y las cinco transgresiones a la responsabilidad social empresarial al aclarar una forma concreta de identificación de ciertas prácticas engañosas relacionadas con la cadena de valor organizacional bajo condiciones particulares. En segundo lugar, promueve la transferibilidad de los conceptos utilizados para dilucidar la realidad del fenómeno del greenwashing en la cadena de valor.This work addresses the question of how companies belonging to the natural resource industry use to greenwash their processes. For this purpose, a multi-case approach with five different cases in the Colombian context is adopted. Through the data analysis, an exemplification of each value chain greenwashing transgression at the company level is provided. Besides highlighting a real-life problematic with several implications in a sensitive context, the contributions of this work are twofold. First, this work contributes to reinforcing the notion of greenwashing and related transgressions by clarifying a concrete way of identifying certain deceptive practices related to the organizational value chain under conditions. Second, this work promotes the transferability of the concepts used for elucidating the reality of the value chain greenwashing phenomenon at different levels and in various contexts

Stakeholder Management: Formulating a Primer for Practitioners

Stakeholder management is the act of balancing the competing preferences or claims of company stakeholders for the sake of competing, collaborating, and succeeding. The present manuscript structures a primer, in the shape of a pedagogical proposal about the topic of stakeholder management. For this purpose, it introduces the reader to terms and concepts that are necessary to understand stakeholder management as an alternative way to manage organizations in both utilitarian and ethical manner. It also offers sufficient grounding in the field that enables the reader to interpret the insights of stakeholder management as a dynamic and cross-functional concept. The present work addresses practitioners, students, scholars and instructors in any topic of the business administration domain, which desires to validate alternatives to the traditional view of a shareholder-oriented way to manage.Contreras-Pacheco, O.; Lesmez-Peralta, JC. (2020). Stakeholder Management: Formulating a Primer for Practitioners. En 6th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'20). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. (30-05-2020):725-733. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd20.2020.11134OCS72573330-05-202

Introduccion de acciones de mejoras basado en datos obtenidos de analisis de lubricante de equipos de mineria subterranea

59 p.El presente trabajo es realizado en la empresa Zublin Gmbh obra Candelaria norte lugar en donde me desempeño en el área mantenimiento de maquinaria pesada de minería subterránea y mis estudio de ingeniería de ejecución en mecánica y experiencia en el rubro me permitió tomar una serie datos, de resultados de pruebas realizadas a los lubricantes que se encontraban dispersos, para establecer acciones de mejoras sobre los motores Detroit serie 50 que me permitieron mejorar la disponibilidad de los equipos en un 18%, disminuir la cantidad de horas de falla a un 5% y disminuir las emisiones de gases de escape evacuados hacia el ambiente

La competencia comunitaria, instrumento valioso para el mundo

La propuesta de este trabajo apunta a una ementación del sístema estructural del Derecho de la Competencia Comunilaria a los sístemas de integración, que hasta ahora se están gestando.The proposal of this work points to an emulation of the structural system of Community Competition Law to integration systems, which are still in the making

Stakeholder perceptions in organizational crisis management: exploring alternative configurations

[EN] Crises are socially constructed. Affected stakeholders of an organizational crisis conceive complex associations between their perceptions of the implicated company's response and about the company itself. The study moves away from a simple cause-effect view by deriving alternative configurations of these associations. This approach allows for a better understanding of how stakeholders attribute responsibility for a critical event and the resulting crisis faced by the company that caused it. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we analyze insights of 325 families affected by an environmental incident in 2018 involving Colombia's largest company. We establish a correlation between stakeholders' perceptions of crisis response timeliness and credibility. Accordingly, we expand on how perceptions affect organizational judgments. Finally, we propose that trustworthiness and reputation are antecedents to how organizational crisis response is perceived and how these antecedents affect the degree of the severity of the company crisis.Contreras-Pacheco, OE.; Claasen, C.; Garrigós Simón, FJ. (2022). Stakeholder perceptions in organizational crisis management: exploring alternative configurations. Journal of Management & Organization. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.5512

Reputación, satisfacción y vínculo afectivo en el marco de la tercerización laboral en Colombia

This study examines outsourced workers’ assessment of job satisfaction and the degree to which it can be affected by their perception of the reputation of the outsourcing company (i.e., their employer), that of the user company (i.e., their client), and their level of affective commitment to each one of them. Therefore, this study proposes a partial least squares structural equation model with four correlational hypotheses and two mediation hypotheses. A cross-sectional instrument was administered to 138 outsourced workers employed by the same outsourcing company in Colombia. The results indicate that the outsourcing company’s reputation has a slight influence on its employees’ affective commitment to said company, but not on their job satisfaction. Finally, the user company’s reputation has a strong influence on its outsourced workers’ affective commitment, and the latter variable plays a partial mediating role in the link between the user company’s reputation and outsourced employee satisfaction.El presente estudio se propuso indagar por la forma en que los trabajadores en condición de tercerización laboral conciben su nivel de satisfacción en su trabajo, y el grado en que dicha valoración puede ser afectada en función de su propia percepción de reputación sobre la empresa subcontratista (su empleador) y la empresa usuaria (su cliente), así como de su nivel de vinculación afectiva con respecto a cada una de ellas. Para ello se planteó un modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales mediante mínimos cuadrados parciales, empleándose cuatro hipótesis correlacionales y dos hipótesis de mediación. De esta manera, se aplicó un instrumento transversal sobre una muestra de 138 trabajadores tercerizados, vinculados a una misma empresa subcontratista en Colombia. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la reputación de esta empresa parecería incidir ligeramente sobre la vinculación afectiva de los trabajadores con respecto a ella misma, más no sobre su propia satisfacción en el trabajo. Finalmente, se observa una fuerte incidencia de la reputación de la empresa usuaria sobre la vinculación afectiva de sus trabajadores, variable que a su vez ejerce un rol de mediación parcial dentro del vínculo existente entre la misma reputación (de la empresa usuaria) y la satisfacción de los trabajadores

Image, Credibility and Reputation: Perceptions of Deceitful Corporate Communication in the Classroom

In 2013, Drummond Ltd., a coal mining company, concealed and lied about the occurrence of a major coal spill on Colombia’s northern coast. In light of a pedagogical exercise in an executive education context, this paper analyzes international observers’ perceptions about the deceitful behavior of this multinational company when communicating with stakeholders after the mentioned accident took place. I do it by testing three constructs—perceived corporate image, credibility, and reputation—on a two-round basis, i.e., before and after the revelation of the company’s deception through its official ex-post communications. For that to happen, a combined exercise of group-based inquiries and individual self-administered surveys was performed. Respondents were 174 professionals of diverse nationalities and backgrounds, all of them enrolled in several graduate programs at an accredited French school of business. When both moments of measurement were compared, results showed a clear decrease in the mean value of all three constructs, but an increment in variability of responses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the effects of deception in corporate communication, and the importance of this topic for the managerial education in general