Mathematical modelling of mass transfer phenomena for sucrose and lactitol molecules during osmotic dehydration of cherries

The diffusion phenomena of sucrose and lactitol in cherries using different proportions during osmotic dehydration was quantified by means of a mathematical model based on Fick's second law. The average effective diffusion coefficient for soluble solids in skin and flesh are 5.37 10−11 m2∕s and 1.24 10−10 m2∕s. Whereas, for water in skin and flesh are 9.27 10−09 m2∕s and 5.48 10−08 m2∕s. A significant difference for water diffusion coefficients (p < 0.05) was observed between the treatments. This could indicate that the diffusion between species and treatments is differential. Effective diffusion coefficients for water in skin and flesh are 2 orders of magnitude greater than effective diffusion coefficients for soluble solids. This is probably due to its lesser molecular weight. Furthermore, the effective diffusion coefficients for water and soluble solids in cherry skin are between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower than effective diffusion coefficients for both in cherry flesh, possibly due to the barrier effect exerted by the cherry skin.Fil: Maldonado, Mariela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: González Pacheco, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentin

Cerejas em conserva feitas com lactitol: uma alternativa para reduzir o seu valor calórico

Polyalcohols are used&nbsp;in the food industry as nutritional sweeteners. They are well known for having&nbsp;a syrupy appearance when dissolved in&nbsp;water, and have prebiotic properties.Los polialcoholes son&nbsp;usados en la industria alimentaria como&nbsp;edulcorantes nutritivos y muy conocidos por tener aspecto de jarabe (sirope) al&nbsp;disolverlos en agua. Tienen además, propiedades prebióticas.Os poliálcoois são usados&nbsp;na indústria alimentar como adoçantes&nbsp;nutritivos e são bem conhecidos por terem uma aparência de um xarope quando&nbsp;dissolvidos em água. Apresentam ainda&nbsp;propriedades prebióticas

Intervención educativa sobre la utilización de la medicina natural y tradicional en la estomatitis subprótesis

Introducción:La Medicina Natural y Tradicional, se utiliza en los Servicios Estomatológicos, como parte de los tratamientos, con dificultades en su aplicación.Objetivo:Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la utilización de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en el tratamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis, antes y después de una estrategia de intervención educativa.Métodos:Se realizó una investigación de intervención educativa cuasi experimental, sin grupo control, desde septiembre del 2017 a junio del 2019. La población estuvo integrada por 60 estomatólogos, pertenecientes al municipio de San José de las Lajas. Se les aplicó una encuesta para recoger, el sexo, la edad y años de graduados y un cuestionario sobre el conocimiento de las terapias que se aplicaron antes y después de la intervención de una estrategia de intervención educativa y evaluar su efectividad. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó mediante X2. y Duncan.Resultados:El 85 % de los estomatólogos fueron del sexo femenino, el 36.7 % tuvo entre 22 a 32 años y el 30.0 % con 1 a 5 años de graduados. El 100 % aplicó la fitoterapia. Al inicio el 28.3 % conoció del tema y después de la capacitación un 80.0 %.Conclusiones:Predomina el sexo femenino, de 22 a 32 años y graduados entre 1 a 5 años, con un nivel de conocimientos inadecuados antes de la intervención, se modifica de forma positiva después de esta, con predominio de profesionales conocedores de la materia.

Utilización de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la estomatitis subprótesis

Introducción:La Medicina Natural y Tradicional es poco empleada en los Servicios Estomatológicos por el personal especializado.Objetivo:Describir la frecuencia de la utilización de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en el tratamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en dos clínicas estomatológicas del municipio de San José de las Lajas, provincia de Mayabeque, desde septiembre de 2017 a junio de 2019. La población objeto de estudio estuvo integrada por 60 estomatólogos: Se aplicó un cuestionario para la recogida de información, se estudiaron las variables:  categoría principal profesional, la especialidad estomatológica; la periodicidad del uso de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional, la modalidad de terapias; las causas de su no utilización y el nivel de conocimiento sobre estas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante X2 y Duncan.Resultados: Prevaleció la categoría principal profesional de especialista, en el 51.7 % y los estomatólogos generales en el 48.3 %. El 81.7 % empleó la Medicina Natural Tradicional a menudo. El 100 % aplicó la fitoterapia y un 96.7 % los propóleos. El 36.7 % no la utilizó por falta de conocimiento y el 48.3 % tuvo elementos parciales del tema.Conclusiones: Los estomatólogos generales básicos utilizan la Medicina Natural y Tradicional de forma frecuente, son la fitoterapia y los propóleos los más empleados. La causa más frecuente de no recurrir a esta terapia es la falta de conocimiento, muestran una noción parcial sobre el tema

Cost-effectiveness of multicomponent interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cluster randomised controlled trial: the INDICA study

Objective: To analyse the cost-effectiveness of multicomponent interventions designed to improve outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in the Canary Islands, Spain, within the INDICA randomised clinical trial, from the public health system perspective. Design: An economic evaluation was conducted for the within-trial period (2 years) comparing the four arms of the INDICA study. Setting: Primary care in the Canary Islands, Spain. Participants: 2334 patients with T2DM without complications were included. Interventions: Interventions for patients (PTI), for primary care professionals (PFI), for both (combined intervention arm for patients and professionals, CBI) and usual care (UC) as a control group. Outcomes: The main outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Only the intervention and the healthcare costs were included. Analysis: Multilevel models were used to estimate results, and to measure the size and significance of incremental changes. Missed values were treated by means of multiple imputations procedure. Results: There were no differences between arms in terms of costs (p=0.093), while some differences were observed in terms of QALYs after 2 years of follow-up (p=0.028). PFI and CBI arms were dominated by the other two arms, PTI and UC. The differences between the PTI and the UC arms were very small in terms of QALYs, but significant in terms of healthcare costs (p=0.045). The total cost of the PTI arm (€2571, 95% CI €2317 to €2826) was lower than the cost in the UC arm (€2750, 95% CI €2506 to €2995), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Base case estimates of the incremental cost per QALY indicate that the PTI strategy was the cost-effective option. Conclusions: The INDICA intervention designed for patients with T2DM and families is likely to be cost-effective from the public healthcare perspective. A cost-effectiveness model should explore this in the long term.This study received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grants: ADE10/00032 and PI16/00769, jointly funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) ‘A way to make Europe’. The sponsor did not play any role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, drawing up of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication.S

Relación entre la imagen corporal y los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en una serie de jóvenes españoles y argentinos

Se analizó la conformidad con la imagen corporal y prevalencia de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) en una muestra de 517 jóvenes españoles y 490 argentinos. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se relacionó la imagen real con la estimada mediante un método gráfico de siluetas. Para conocer la conducta alimentaria se utilizó un el test psicométrico de respuesta múltiple. Respecto a la autopercepción no existen diferencias significativas en función del país de origen pero si hay diferencias de género. También se tuvieron en cuenta las preferencias por el sexo contrario, así como la imagen considerada más saludable. La insatisfacción con la propia imagen aparece como probable factor de predisposición al desarrollo de TCA, que presenta una frecuencia mas elevada en la serie femenina española.Simposio: Nutrición en la globalización.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

Relación entre la imagen corporal y los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en una serie de jóvenes españoles y argentinos

Se analizó la conformidad con la imagen corporal y prevalencia de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) en una muestra de 517 jóvenes españoles y 490 argentinos. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se relacionó la imagen real con la estimada mediante un método gráfico de siluetas. Para conocer la conducta alimentaria se utilizó un el test psicométrico de respuesta múltiple. Respecto a la autopercepción no existen diferencias significativas en función del país de origen pero si hay diferencias de género. También se tuvieron en cuenta las preferencias por el sexo contrario, así como la imagen considerada más saludable. La insatisfacción con la propia imagen aparece como probable factor de predisposición al desarrollo de TCA, que presenta una frecuencia mas elevada en la serie femenina española.Simposio: Nutrición en la globalización.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

A Functional Pipeline of Genome-Wide Association Data Leads to Midostaurin as a Repurposed Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) constitute a powerful tool to identify the different biochemical pathways associated with disease. This knowledge can be used to prioritize drugs targeting these routes, paving the road to clinical application. Here, we describe DAGGER (Drug Repositioning by Analysis of GWAS and Gene Expression in R), a straightforward pipeline to find currently approved drugs with repurposing potential. As a proof of concept, we analyzed a meta-GWAS of 1.6 × 107 single-nucleotide polymorphisms performed on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our pipeline uses the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Drug Gene Interaction (DGI) databases for a rational prioritization of 22 druggable targets. Next, we performed a two-stage in vivo functional assay. We used a C. elegans humanized model over-expressing the Aβ1-42 peptide. We assayed the five top-scoring candidate drugs, finding midostaurin, a multitarget protein kinase inhibitor, to be a protective drug. Next, 3xTg AD transgenic mice were used for a final evaluation of midostaurin’s effect. Behavioral testing after three weeks of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal treatment revealed a significant improvement in behavior, including locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and new-place recognition. Altogether, we consider that our pipeline might be a useful tool for drug repurposing in complex diseases.This work was mainly financed by Programa Operativo FEDER funds from the European Union through grant UMA20-FEDERJA-133. We thank Fundacion SantÁngela for co-funding with grant 83/23.04.2021. P.G.-G. is supported by the CIBERNED employment plan CNV-304-PRF-866. CIBERNED is integrated into Instituto de Salud Carlos III. I.d.R is supported by a national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. A.R. is supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240, and PI19/01301. A.M.B.-L. and M.J.M. were funded by grant PID2020-120463RB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. A.C.-Z. holds a postdoctoral research contract from Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología–Junta de Andalucía (POSTDOC21_00365). B.P.S (IFI21/00024) holds an “iPFIS” predoctoral contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. M.d.C.M.-P. holds predoctoral grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/00276). P.R. (CP19/00068) holds a “Miguel Servet” research contract from the National System of Health, ISCIII co-funded by the European Social Fund, “Investing in your future,” Gobierno de España. This research was funded by Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de España (PND2020/048). Ethovision XT software v17 (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands) funded by Plan Propio, Universidad de Málaga

Subscapular and triceps skinfolds reference values of Hispanic American children and adolescents and their comparison with the reference of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Introduction: the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. Objective: to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. Methods: subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. Results: skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller. Conclusions: the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition

The Iberian pig fed with high-fat diet: a model of renal disease in obesity and metabolic syndrome

The pathogenesis of renal disease in the context of overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance is not completely understood. This may be due to the lack of a definitive animal model of disease, which limits our understanding of obesity-induced renal damage. We evaluated the changes in renal histology and lipid deposits induced by obesity in a model of insulin resistance: the Iberian swine fed with fat-enriched food.The IMBRAIN (CIBICAN) project (FP7-RE6-POT-2012-CT2012-31637-IMBRAIN) 329 funded under the 7th Framework Program (capacities); the Instituto de Salud Carlos 330 III (ISCIII) for the following grants: PI13/00342, PI, PI16/01814, the REDINREN RD16/0009 and PI10/02428; funding from the IRSIN (Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigacion), FEDER funds, SLL is a research fellow supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grants for Río Hortega specialized healthcare post training contracts), ISCIII CM15/00214, Spain; EP is a Researcher of the Ramón y Cajal Program of the ISCIII.Peer reviewe