Estudio de la prospección del uso de la fibra de tucumã-i (Astrocaryum acaule) para el desarrollo de productos semi-industriales

La fibra de tucumã-i (Astrocaryum acaule) es un recurso natural vegetal de la Amazonía brasileña, poco explotado y conocido. Se caracteriza por su producción sostenible y la posibilidad de generar diversas tipologías de productos: textiles, elementos domésticos y/o decorativos. Sin embargo, no existen datos con respecto a su aplicación en productos mediante el uso de procesos de fabricación avanzados de tipo semi-industrial. Los pocos registros existentes, que describen las prácticas desarrolladas con esta fibra, se remiten al ámbito empírico y artesanal. La investigación realizada en esta tesis se basa en diversos estudios sobre la opinión de los expertos, diseñadores y consumidores, así como sobre la influencia de los aspectos relevantes a considerar desde sus diferentes puntos de vista y de la valoración que hacen de los atributos del diseño y su trazabilidad hasta la generación final de productos. Mediante compendio de artículos se presentan las diferentes aportaciones en forma de publicaciones en actas de congresos y revistas de investigación, en la que podemos destacar el estudio de mercado realizado desde la perspectiva del soporte técnico-científico del diseño, pudiéndose validar los atributos de innovación y diferenciación ofrecidos por la fibra, justificando su posible adaptación a una técnica más evolucionada y estudiando la viabilidad sobre nuevas formas de uso. El estudio correspondiente al empleo de la fibra natural de tucumã-i (Astrocaryum acaule) para el desarrollo de productos semi-industriales, utilizó el ámbito del diseño y herramientas habituales en sus procesos de investigación para la obtención de información que identificara los posibles caminos a seguir, análisis de la problemática, búsqueda de oportunidades y detección de limitaciones en el contexto investigado, siempre con el objeto de considerar aquellos aspectos importantes y competitivos que posibiliten el alcance de nuevos mercados, en áreas correlacionadas y afines. También seMaciel Pacheco, KM. (2012). Estudio de la prospección del uso de la fibra de tucumã-i (Astrocaryum acaule) para el desarrollo de productos semi-industriales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17780Palanci

Technological development of the Western Amazon: Financing of research and development projects by the Amazon Informatics Law

The Amazon Informatics Law derives from a National Law, but is specific to the northern region, except for Tocantis and Pará states and, in partnership with the Zona Franca de Desenvolvimento - ZFM (Development Free Zone) project regulated by the Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus - SUFRAMA (Superintendence of the Manaus Free Zone), it aims to be a public policy to promote social development. It was questioned how the process of execution of this Law works and what would be the impacts resulting from its execution. The objective of this research is to know the process of execution of Research and Development - R&D projects based on the Amazon Informatics Law. For this understanding, a descriptive and documentary research was done to understand the current situation of R&D in the Western Amazon, and through an interview and case study, it was possible to understand and delineate the process itself

El patrimonio literario-cultural inmaterial amazónico y los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible para el fomento de la Ciudadanía Global en la comunidad universitaria

Consideramos que las historias del pasado, como aquellas presentes en el patrimonio literario-cultural inmaterial amazónico, son importantes para el desarrollo sostenible. Incluso que a través de proyectos de innovación educativa pueden proyectar futuros posibles. Consideramos que ese pasado de intercambios, mezclas y asimilaciones culturales, concretamente entre Brasil y España, son un depósito de soluciones sociales que la ciudadanía de cada tiempo ha resuelto para ampliar sus capacidades personales y colectivas. Pero, sobre todo, consideramos desde la Universidade Federal do Amazonas en Manaus y la Universitat de València que ese pasado es muy importante para la ciudadanía de hoy, para la construcción de sus opciones de vida y para ser agentes activos de su propio desarrollo y el de su comunidad. Nuestra metodología tiene en cuenta los valores a que habitualmente atribuimos al patrimonio cultural, pero añadiéndole su contribución al desarrollo humano. Para ello, dedicamos esfuerzos colaborativos por interpretar muchas de estas referencias culturales en clave de Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y de logro de Derechos Humanos. Desde esta base nació el proyecto de Educación para el Desarrollo y la Ciudadanía Global que generamos a través de un Taller de Escritura e Ilustración Creativa en julio del 2014 y que ha ido gestionando y ramificándose en numerosas colaboraciones, acciones y jornadas en clave ODS dirigido esencialmente a cualquier miembro de la comunidad universitaria

O Design Sistêmico como método de inovação aplicado a fornos tradicionais de cerâmica vermelha no Amazonas - Brasil

[EN] This work analyses some traditional brick kilns cooking systems, and proposes a new systemic configuration. Upon evaluation of the production of ceramic blocks, we took the burning process in traditional ovens as the research focus, taking into account economic and social issues of the Brazilian Amazon. This research aims to develop a new system, that can be consireded both eco-efficient and sustainable. By putting together what is technically feasible in the area of clean technologies, what is culturally desirable for products without harming the users of their systems, we respect the social relations of production involved in the process. Based on data collected from technical visits in the ceramic companies of the Iranduba region, as well as the results of interviews with the expertise of the national industry, we detected other aspects affecting the quality of the ceramic firing process. In general, the stoves use inefficient burning of wood and other energy inputs, yielding a number of drawbacks that compromise the productive and economic performance, causing environmental damage, particularly when it occurs in small and medium enterprises. In this case study, the interpretation of the collected data is characterized by a non-rigid scheme, considering that the involved elements make conceptual blocks aimed at generating the requirements and parameters considered essential to design a new ceramic firing system. To realize the needs and objectives of the project, we made use of the concurrent model design, by addressing the formal, ergonomic and functional system aspects, and incorporating the social, economic, technological and environmental contexts.[PT] Este trabalho analisa alguns sistemas tradicionais de cocção cerâmica, propondo uma nova configuração sistêmica. Mediante a avaliação da produção de blocos cerâmicos, tomamos como foco de pesquisa o processo de queima em fornos tradicionais, levando em consideraçao questões econômicas e sociais do Amazonia brasileira. Esta pesquisa tem como propósito, desenvolver um novo sistema, considerado eco-eficiente e sustentável, unindo o que é tecnicamente viável na área de tecnologias limpas, com o que é culturalmente desejável em relação aos produtos sem prejudicar os usuários de seus sistemas, bem como as relações sociais de produção que estão envolvidas durante o processo. Com base em dados levantados a partir de visitas técnicas realizadas as empresas de cerâmica da região do Iranduba e entrevistas a expertises do setor a nível nacional, observou-se outros aspectos que prejudicam a qualidade do processo de cocção cerâmica. Geralmente se utilizam fornos com queima ineficiente da lenha ou outros insumos energéticos, resultando em uma série de inconvenientes que comprometem o desempenho produtivo e econômico, causando danos ambientais, sobretudo quando se trata das pequenas e médias empresas. Em se tratando de uma análise sobre o estudo de caso, a interpretação dos dados coletados se caracteriza por um esquema não rígido, considerando que os elementos envolvidos compõem blocos conceituais que visam gerar os requisitos e parâmetros considerados essenciais a projetação de um novo sistema de queima cerâmica. Buscando materializar as necessidades e objetivos do projeto, se lançou mão do modelo de Design concorrente, abordando os aspectos formais, ergonômicos e funcionais do sistema, incorporando a estes o contexto social, econômico, tecnológico e ambiental.Sou grata ao CNPQ por me conceder bolsa de estudos de doutorado, número do processo: 207366 / 2014-4. Também agradeço a UFAM - Universidade Federal do Amazonas – Brasil e a UPV - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - Espanha.Cordeiro Mota, S.; Mazarelo Maciel Pacheco, K.; Hernandis Ortuño, B. (2016). O Design Sistêmico como método de inovação aplicado a fornos tradicionais de cerâmica vermelha no Amazonas - Brasil. En Systems&design:beyond processes and thinking. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 793-806. https://doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3696OCS79380

Una mirada del diseño sobre la morfología de los caracteres caligráficos y sus implicaciones en el proceso de alfabetización de adultos

A través de un tratamiento metodológico cualitativo, el presente estudio tiene por objetivo comparar los elementos constructivos de la escritura cursiva con la escritura normal o romana, a través de un análisis morfológico de los caracteres (mayúsculos y minúsculos) y sus implicaciones en términos de uso y facilidad de ejecución en el proceso de alfabetización de adultos. La relación entre aspectos históricos, ergonomía y facilidad de uso, suscita una discusión sobre la forma en que el diseño de las letras puede constituir un elemento complicado para el adulto analfabeto. De igual manera se plantea cómo el diseño puede contribuir a minimizar los impactos negativos de la relación del estudiante con el universo de las letras.Pacheco, A.; Jorda-Albiñana, B.; Gonzalez-Del-Rio, J.; Mazarelo Maciel-Pacheco, K. (2013). Una mirada del diseño sobre la morfología de los caracteres caligráficos y sus implicaciones en el proceso de alfabetización de adultos. Revista IconoFacto. 9(12):98-107. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80213S9810791

Evaluation of the quality of wood from naturally fallen trees in the central Amazon

The objective of this study was to assess the quality and potential of wood from naturally fallen trees in the forest for product development and to provide subsidies for the use of raw material. The inventory of fallen trees was carried out along the road from the Experimental Station of Tropical Silviculture of the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (EEST / INPA) - Nucleus ZF-2, at km 23 of the ZF-2 road that starts to the left of km 50 of Highway BR-174 (Manaus-Boa Vista).  Only trees that had fall characteristics due to natural factors, that is, that had exposed roots, were considered for the inventory. It was also stipulated as a requirement for measurement the diameter class of trees of 25 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 45 cm. From each naturally fallen tree, the diameters (largest and smallest) and their length were measured. 5cm thick discs were removed from the trees to obtain samples for scientific identification of the wood and determination of physical properties. Based on the inventory, it was identified that many of the trees naturally fallen in the forest are in good conditions of use, considering their woody material and their volume. The Alexa grandiflora species presented the highest volume with 2,788 m³ for a single tree, followed by the species Ormósia sp. with 2,287 m³ and Protium tenuifolium Engl with a volume of 1,269 m³. Regarding the health of the inventoried trees, all from the species Byrsonima crispaJuss. had no sign of degradation, followed by the species Croton lanjouwensis and Ingá sp. The most frequent class was medium density with 9 species with a variation of 0.47g/cm3 to 0.62g /cm3. Eperua schomburgkiana Benth was the most dense with 0.78g /cm3.The levels of degradation found and the intrinsic characteristics of the species did not compromise the possibilities of using this wooden product, and can represent an excellent opportunity for economic return, contributing to minimize the pressures exerted around the living forest

Estudo da adaptação antropométrica de mobiliário residencial em madeira maciça produzido na cidade de Manaus

[EN] This article presents a brief study about the anthropometric adaptation of solid wood furniture, manufactured and commercialized in the city of Manaus. It searches to verify if the measures used to the production of tables and chairs (without adjustments) are in conformity with the current standard norms and patterns. Therefore, it were made: bibliographic collection, where topics referred to the situation of the furniture sector in Amazonas were approached, ergonomics and anthropometric and human body measures, in an effort to deepen the findings about the studied theme, by means of the knowledge of the main limitations and potentials to the investment in the improvement of the quality of the solid wood furniture without adjustments. In this section, there were an organization of the researched data to the creation of two tables, based on the dimensions of human body segments of extreme users (woman percentile 5% and man percentile 95%), presented by Felisberto and Paschoarelli (2000), following as well the recommendations of various authors of ergonomics, between them: Quaresma (2011), Kroemer and Grandjan (2005), Dul and Weerdemester (2004) and Moraes and Pequini (2000), enabling its usage as a parameter to the sizing of tables and chairs; field research, where there was the collection of data through search form for annotation of the measures obtained in loco on the carpentry shops, to be afterwards compared to the dimensions of the suggested tables; calculations of descriptive statistic (total amplitude, standard deviation and coefficient of variation), since they allow to appreciate the total number of values found in a class and map the differentiation among those obtained and recommended, and inferential, with the intension of facilitate the appreciation on the validity of the collected data by means of the implementation of the t Test of Student. With the obtained result, it was observed that the furniture in question is not produced based on ergonomic recommendations and/or any type of related study, as the measures analyzed were not found in conformity with the recommendations of the tables generated and the others were merely ignored. This fact ends up turning the products less attractive, in face of the discomfort created, when utilized by long periods of time, especially if compared to industrialized furniture, taking into consideration that those ones present the same condition of sizing with less Market price.[PT] Este artigo apresenta um breve estudo sobre a adaptação antropométrica de mobiliário de madeira maciça, produzido e comercializado na cidade de Manaus. Neste, buscou-se verificar se as medidas aplicadas à produção de mesas e cadeiras (sem ajustes) estão em conformidade com as normas e padrões técnicos vigentes. Para tanto, realizou-se: levantamento bibliográfico, abordando a situação do setor moveleiro no Amazonas, ergonomia e antropometria, buscando aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca da temática estudada, conhecendo-se as principais limitações e potenciais para investimento na melhoria da qualidade do mobiliário de madeira maciça sem ajustes. Organizou-se os dados pesquisados para a geração de duas tabelas, com base nas dimensões dos seguimentos corpóreos humanos de usuários extremos (mulher percentil 5% e homem percentil 95%), apresentando recomendações de diversos autores de ergonomia, , viabilizando seu uso como parâmetro para o dimensionamento de mesas e cadeiras. Além de pesquisa de campo, para anotação das medidas e comparação posterior com as dimensões das tabelas propostas; e cálculos de estatística descritiva, e inferencial, com o propósito de facilitar a apreciação acerca da validade dos dados coletados por meio da aplicação do teste de t de Student. Como resultado, observou-se que o mobiliário em questão não é produzido com base em recomendações ergonômicas e/ou quaisquer tipo de estudo relacionado, uma vez que as medidas analisadas encontravam-se em conformidade com as referencias adequadas e outras eram simplesmente ignoradas. Tornando os produtos inadequados, face ao desconforto gerado, quando utilizados por longos períodos, principalmente se comparados com móveis industrializados, tendo em vista que estes apresentam as mesmas condições de dimensionamento com menor preço de mercado.Albuquerque De Alencar, L.; Mazarelo Maciel Pacheco, K.; Vieira Sousa, M. (2016). Estudo da adaptação antropométrica de mobiliário residencial em madeira maciça produzido na cidade de Manaus. En Systems&design:beyond processes and thinking. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 764-789. https://doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2015.3000OCS76478

Ecodesign in the use of the Amazonian Peãozinho wood for making an eco-efficient product

In the midst of the current logging scenario and the growing concerns and actions in favor of preserving the environment, research related to the insertion of new tree species in the market and about the design of products with low environmental impact are of paramount importance for the development of forest management and product design activities. Thus, The holistic view, which includes everything from the extraction of the raw material to the final disposal of the product, guided this research in order to show the technological potential of the species Micrandopsis scleroxylon W. Rodr. through machining and validation processes by making an eco-efficient product. The methodology adopted was: survey of the demand, designing of the concept, definition of the function, generation and materialization of alternatives, tests and refinements and presentation of the final solution. The results obtained in the process of machining the wooden material of the species were excellent throughout the process. It is believed that the approach inherent to small diameter trees, for the benefit of forest management, provides the understanding that it is possible to make use of them in the manufacture of the most varied wooden artifacts. Contributing to further research on Little Known Species

La piedra natural como un material de diseño para el desarrollo de equipamiento urbano: reporte de un caso

Este artículo analiza las posibilidades que tiene la piedra en cuanto al desarrollo de producto para el entorno urbano. Abordando un caso específico de diseño, planteado por el centro tecnológico (CEVALOR), el Centro Português de Design (CPD) y el ayuntamiento (Vila Viçosa-Portugal), se resaltan los atributos de la piedra natural. De igual forma, se exponen los resultados de diseño obtenidos, los cuales se sustentan en conceptos teóricos que realzan las posibilidades técnicas, las características físicas y mecánicas, la resistencia, la durabilidad, la belleza, la pureza y la elegancia de la piedra natural.Paixao Pereira Mestre Barradas, S.; Mazarelo Maciel-Pacheco, K.; Hernandis Ortuño, B. (2012). La piedra natural como un material de diseño para el desarrollo de equipamiento urbano: reporte de un caso. Revista IconoFacto. 8(11):77-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80220S779581

Evaluation of the quality of wood from naturally fallen tree for the development of products in Design

The sustainable use of forest resources in the Amazon is one of the precautions attributed to Conservation Units of sustainable use, and among them, the RESEX Auati-Paraná stands out in this study. In this area, a large volume of naturally fallen trees of various species belonging to different diametric classes were inventoried, with a higher incidence of trees with small diameter. Therefore, it is important to highlight the potential use of this raw material for development high value-added products as a sustainable income generation opportunity for community members. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the quality of naturally fallen species through the development of products with a fine finish through technical design projects. For this, was used, defining the types of products and species (Micrandropsis scleroxylon and Simarouba amara) for the study, characterizing them, surveying the cultural aspects of the RESEX, manufacture of physical products prototypes and analyzing the quality of the wood workability during machining processes. The results obtained through the design projects, demonstrated the quality and feasibility of using wood from naturally fallen trees for the manufacture of products, being able to be explored as a sustainable alternative to generate economic benefits to the community through the valorization of such natural resources of the Amazon rainforest