Contribuições de técnicas de reabilitação ambiental de ambientes degradados do domínio morfoclimático dos Mares de Morros em Santa Catarina

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. GeografiaOs Mares de Morros são o domínio morfoclimático mais propenso aos efeitos erosivos, e foram um dos mais devastados por derrubada das florestas, uso abusivo do fogo e empobrecimento do solo devido ao modelo de agricultura tradicional. O mau uso do solo, além de afetar o meio ambiente, reflete na segurança alimentar, na economia, no desenvolvimento de um país e, na história, já acabou com grandes civilizações. O objetivo deste trabalho, diante desse cenário, foi o de analisar as técnicas que se propõem a reabilitar áreas degradadas, com foco no domínio morfoclimático Mares de Morros. Para tanto, foram abordadas as características do próprio domínio, analisando as imagens históricas, os usos e as ocupações daqueles espaços, assim como suas pressões ambientais infligidas. Além disso, também o foram as técnicas, as práticas e os preceitos utilizados na reabilitação ambiental. Foram realizadas saídas de campo e entrevista no espaço Encanto Verde, na cidade de Santa Rosa de Lima, no estado de Santa Catarina. Para eficiência das técnicas, foi realizada análise de fragilidade ambiental potencial do recorte e cruzada com os usos e as ocupações do solo de 2006 e 2019, os quais resultaram em duas análises de fragilidade emergente, de seus respectivos anos, para então serem comparadas com as técnicas e práticas de reabilitação ambiental adotadas na área. O estudo identificou uma melhoria significativa na classificação de fragilidade ambiental depois do manejo, adotando preceitos agroecológicos, permaculturais e agroflorestais, e da implantação de técnicas de reabilitação ambiental e de práticas conservacionistas de uso do solo. Assim, pôde se mitigar os impactos ambientais e paisagísticos, recompor o ambiente aliando silvicultura de espécies nativas e produção de culturas agrícolas tanto de subsistência quanto de geração de renda familiar.Seas of hills (Mares de Morros) are one of the morphoclimatic domain most prone to erosion effects and one of the most devasted by clearing forests, abusive use of fire and soils depletion due the tradition farming model. The bad use of soils, despite affecting the environment, reflects in the food security, the economy, the development of a country and, in history, already ended great civilizations. The objective of this work, in view of this scenario, was to analyze the techniques that propose to rehabilitate degraded areas, focusing on the morphoclimatic domain Seas of Hills. Therefore, the characteristics of the morphoclimatic domain itself were approached, the historical images; the uses and occupation of those spaces were analyzed, as well as its environmental pressures inflicted; the techniques, practices and precepts used in environmental rehabilitation; field trips and interviews were held at the Encanto Verde, in the city of Santa Rosa de Lima, state of Santa Catarina. In order to perform the techniques efficiently, an analysis of the potential environmental fragility of the clipping was performed and crossed with the uses and occupations of the soil in 2006 and 2019. These resulted in two analisis of emerging fragility from their respective years, for them to be compared with the techniques and environmental rehabilitation practices adopted in the area. The study identified a significant improvement in the classification of the environmental fragility after adopting agroecological, permacultural and agroforestry precepts and the implementation of the environmental techniques and conservationist land use practices, thus managing to mitigate environmental and landscape impacts, to recompose the environment by combining the silviculture of native species and the production of agriculture crops, either for subsistence or generation of family income

Globalização: Uma Teoria Nova?

A proposta do presente artigo é refletir a respeito da inserção externa dos países do chamado “Sul Global” e as suas consequências para o seu desenvolvimento econômico, além de questionar se as teorias desenvolvidas sobre “globalização” são teorias novas. Para tanto, apresenta a análise de teóricos que estudaram a “globalização”, como Alice Amsden e Peter Evans, e depois a compara com os autores marxistas que trataram do “Imperialismo”, Lênin e Bukharin. Ao final, conclui-se que não existem diferenças relevantes entre os processos econômicos que compõem aquilo que os marxistas chamaram de “Imperialismo” em relação ao que os teóricos recentes definiram como “globalização”. A divergência é em relação ao corolário político que cada uma das correntes teóricas retira da sua análise

Scores of a web-based version of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire in Brazil

Introduction: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a proposed mental disorder still controversial. This condition is prevalent in northern latitudes, but few studies have been conducted at locations in the southern hemisphere. It is usually assessed by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). This study aimed to evaluate, through on-line questionnaire, the hypothesis that, in the Brazilian population, latitude and longitude influence SPAQ scores.Methods: An advertisement was posted on a sleep medicine website inviting visitors to investigate seasonal patterns of behavior and mood, using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the SPAQ. The geographic coordinates of the place of residence of each respondent were analyzed as a continuous variable or distributed in quartiles of latitude and longitude. The psychometric properties of the SPAQ were assessed by reliability and factor analyses.Results: Answers from 1001 respondents out of 1045 were considered eligible. High SPAQ scores were observed in 287 respondents, equally distributed among all latitude and longitude quartiles. Data collected in different seasons and during daylight saving time did not differ significantly in any of the scores for SPAQ dimensions. No correlations between SPAQ scores and latitude or longitude were observed. Psychometric properties of the SPAQ were preserved in all geographic locations.Conclusion: The finding of similar SPAQ scores at a wide latitude range defies the concept of SAD symptoms as latitude or longitude-dependent phenomena.

Sucessão e rotação de culturas com calagem superficial sobre o manejo de nematoides e a produtividade de soja

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of crop production systems under no-tillage and with surface liming, after 10 to 11 years, on nematode populations and soybean (Glycine max) grain yield. Twelve treatments were established in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The plots consisted of three production systems (monoculture, soybean followed by fallow in the off-season; crop succession, soybean followed by millet in the off-season; and crop rotation, soybean followed by rattlebox, Urochloa ruziziensis, and corn, each one in an off-season), and the subplots, of four rates of surface dolomitic limestone (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Mg ha-1). Crop rotation and sucession favors a higher soybean grain yield, reducing the population of Heterodera glycines in the soil and roots and increasing the populations of Helicotylenchus spp. The increment in surface limestone rates reduces soybean grain yield, with an increase in the population of H. glycines in the soil and roots and a decrease in the populations of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Helicotylenchus spp.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de sistemas de produção em plantio direto e com uso de calagem superficial, após 10 a 11 anos, sobre populações de nematoides e produtividade de grãos de soja (Glycine max). Foram estabelecidos 12 tratamentos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram dispostos em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas por três sistemas de produção (monocultivo, soja seguida de pousio na entressafra; sucessão de culturas, soja seguida de milheto na entressafra; e rotação de culturas, soja seguida de crotalaria, Urochloa ruziziensis e milho, cada uma em uma entressafra), por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico em superfície (0,0, 2,0, 4,0 e 8,0 Mg ha-1). A rotação e a sucessão de culturas favorece maior produtividade de soja, com redução da população de Heterodera glycines no solo e nas raízes e aumento das populações de Helicotylenchus spp. O incremento nas doses de calcário em superfície reduz a produtividade de soja, com aumento da população de H. glycines no solo e nas raízes e diminuição das populações de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Helicotylenchus spp

Perfil audiométrico segundo exposição de pilotos civis ao ruído

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the audiometric profile of civilian pilots according to the noise exposure level. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study evaluated 3,130 male civilian pilots aged between 17 and 59 years. These pilots were subjected to audiometric examinations for obtaining or revalidating the functional capacity certificate in 2011. The degree of hearing loss was classified as normal, suspected noise-induced hearing loss, and no suspected hearing loss with other associated complications. Pure-tone air-conduction audiometry was performed using supra-aural headphones and acoustic stimulus of the pure-tone type, containing tone thresholds of frequencies between 250 Hz and 6,000 Hz. The independent variables were professional categories, length of service, hours of flight, and right or left ear. The dependent variable was pilots with suspected noise-induced hearing loss. The noise exposure level was considered low/medium or high, and the latter involved periods >; 5,000 flight hours and >; 10 years of flight service. RESULTS A total of 29.3% pilots had suspected noise-induced hearing loss, which was bilateral in 12.8% and predominant in the left ear (23.7%). The number of pilots with suspected hearing loss increased as the noise exposure level increased. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss in civilian pilots may be associated with noise exposure during the period of service and hours of flight.OBJETIVO Analisar o perfil audiométrico de pilotos civis segundo grau de exposição ao ruído. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, com 3.130 pilotos civis do sexo masculino de 17 a 59 anos submetidos a exames audiométricos iniciais ou de revalidação de Certificado de Capacidade Física em 2011. Os sujeitos foram categorizados segundo perda auditiva como: normais, sugestivos de perda auditiva induzida por ruído, e outros fatores associados e não sugestivos. A audiometria tonal liminar utilizada foi por via aérea, com a utilização de fones supra-aurais, por meio do estímulo acústico do tipo tom puro, contendo os limiares tonais das frequências de 250 a 6.000 Hz. As variáveis independentes foram as categorias dos pilotos, tempo de serviço, horas de voo e orelha direita ou esquerda. A variável dependente corresponde aos casos sugestivos de perda auditiva induzida por ruído. O grau de exposição foi considerado baixo/médio ou alto, sendo este último com horas de voo maiores que 5.000 e tempo de serviço maior que 10 anos. RESULTADOS Foram observados 29,3% casos sugestivos de perda auditiva induzida por ruído, 12,8% bilaterais com predomínio do lado esquerdo (23,7%). Com o aumento do grau de exposição ao ruído, o número de casos sugestivos de perda auditiva também aumentou. CONCLUSÕES A perda auditiva nos pilotos civis pode estar associada à exposição ao ruído ao longo do tempo de serviço e das horas de voo

Scores of a web-based version of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire in Brazil

Introduction: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a proposed mental disorder still controversial. This condition is prevalent in northern latitudes, but few studies have been conducted at locations in the southern hemisphere. It is usually assessed by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). This study aimed to evaluate, through on-line questionnaire, the hypothesis that, in the Brazilian population, latitude and longitude influence SPAQ scores. Methods: An advertisement was posted on a sleep medicine website inviting visitors to investigate seasonal patterns of behavior and mood, using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the SPAQ. The geographic coordinates of the place of residence of each respondent were analyzed as a continuous variable or distributed in quartiles of latitude and longitude. The psychometric properties of the SPAQ were assessed by reliability and factor analyses. Results: Answers from 1001 respondents out of 1045 were considered eligible. High SPAQ scores were observed in 287 respondents, equally distributed among all latitude and longitude quartiles. Data collected in different seasons and during daylight saving time did not differ significantly in any of the scores for SPAQ dimensions. No correlations between SPAQ scores and latitude or longitude were observed. Psychometric properties of the SPAQ were preserved in all geographic locations. Conclusion: The finding of similar SPAQ scores at a wide latitude range defies the concept of SAD symptoms as latitude or longitude-dependent phenomena

Irrigation and nitrogen managements for producing bean plants under no-tillage system

Common bean has been cultivated by producers who have access to a wide range of technologies that allow a higher profitability in the winter. This study aimed at evaluating bean yield and its components, under no-tillage system, according to different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization managements, in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from June to September (2010), in the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, in an Alfisol. The "Pérola" cultivar was sown in June and irrigated by conventional sprinkling. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with split-plots consisting of three blocks and two replications in each block. The plots consisted of three irrigation systems (Class "A" pan and Hargreaves-Samani and Penman-Monteith equations) and the subplots of four nitrogen fertilizing doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1). Data were evaluated with the aid of variance analysis and compared by the Tukey test (5%) and regression models. Bean plants reached the highest grain yield and number of pods per plant when the Class "A" pan irrigation system was used. Nitrogen doses did not affect bean yield

Postharvest longevity of Fremont IAC 543 mandarin

Abstract The planting of new types of table citrus is an interesting alternative for citrus growers in the state of Paraná, as this domestic market continues to grow and needs innovation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance and storage of a new hybrid for the region of Londrina / PR, Fremont IAC 543 mandarin (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan x C. reticulataBlanco). Treatments were: storage of fruits with and without wax coating at room temperature [21 ± 2 °C and relative humidity (RH) = 60 ± 5%] for up to 36 days. Sensory (acceptance test and purchase intention) and physicochemical analyses [weight, juice yield, acidity, soluble solids and soluble solids/titratable acidity (ratio)] were performed before and after storage. Physicochemical data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, while sensory analysis results were explored through descriptive statistics and principal components analysis using the R statistical software. It could be concluded that Fremont IAC 543 mandarin can be stored with wax coating and at room temperature without losing its quality characteristics for a period of up to 18 days

A ELASTICIDADE DA DEMANDA DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS POR CARNE BOVINA EM SANTA MARIA, RS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708814The beef is a food of great relevance in the Brazilian diet. In this sense, the objective of this study was to consider the influence of students in determining the consumption of beef in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to estimate income and price elasticities for the demand for this product through the model regression of log-linear plus a dummy variable. To this end, we collected primary data through forms applied to students of Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil (UFSM) distributed in supermarkets and consumers around the city. Data collection occurred from March to April 2011. The results confirmed the existence of differences between the consumption behavior of both strata. The growth rate of the amount of beef consumed by the inhabitants of Santa Maria is 37.9% lower for students than for the rest of the population. For other variables, confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between these, so their coefficients of elasticity were about -0.33% to 0.087% and prices for the income elasticity. It can be concluded that the population of the municipality of Santa Maria, RS comprises a significant portion of students and they often have a different consumption pattern, which can influence the behavior of the demand curve for food in the city.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708814A carne bovina é um alimento de extrema relevância na dieta dos brasileiros. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi considerar a influência dos estudantes na determinação do consumo de carne bovina no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; bem como estimar as elasticidades renda e preço para a demanda deste produto através do modelo de regressão do tipo log-linear acrescido de uma variável dummy. Para tanto, foi realizada a coleta de dados primários através de formulários aplicados aos estudantes da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil (UFSM) e consumidores em supermercados distribuídos pela cidade. A coleta ocorreu no período de março a abril de 2011. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de divergências entre o comportamento de consumo de ambos estratos populacionais. A taxa de crescimento da quantidade de carne bovina consumida pelos habitantes de Santa Maria é 37,9% menor para os estudantes do que para o restante da população. Quanto às demais variáveis, foi confirmada a existência de uma relação significativa entre estas, portanto seus coeficientes de elasticidade foram cerca de -0,33% para os preços e 0,087% para a elasticidade-renda. Pode concluir que a população do município de Santa Maria, RS é composta por uma parcela significativa de estudantes e que estes frequentemente possuem um padrão de consumo diferenciado, o qual pode influenciar o comportamento da curva de demanda por alimentos do município