Randomized Anagram Revisited

When compared to signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), anomaly detectors present the potential advantage of detecting previously unseen attacks, which makes them an attractive solution against zero-day exploits and other attacks for which a signature is unavailable. Most anomaly detectors rely on machine learning algorithms to derive a model of normality that is later used to detect suspicious events. Such algorithms, however, are generally susceptible to evasion by means of carefully constructed attacks that are not recognized as anomalous. Different strategies to thwart evasion have been proposed over the last years, including the use of randomization to make somewhat uncertain how each packet will be processed. In this paper we analyze the strength of the randomization strategy suggested for Anagram, a well-known anomaly detector based on n-gram models. We show that an adversary who can interact with the system for a short period of time with inputs of his choosing will be able to recover the secret mask used to process packets. We describe and discuss an efficient algorithm to do this and report our experiences with a prototype implementation. Furthermore, we show that the specific form of randomization suggested for Anagram is a double-edged sword, as knowledge of the mask makes evasion easier than in the non-randomized case. We finally discuss a simple countermeasure to prevent our attacks.Publicad

Key-recovery attacks on KIDS, a keyed anomaly detection system

Most anomaly detection systems rely on machine learning algorithms to derive a model of normality that is later used to detect suspicious events. Some works conducted over the last years have pointed out that such algorithms are generally susceptible to deception, notably in the form of attacks carefully constructed to evade detection. Various learning schemes have been proposed to overcome this weakness. One such system is Keyed IDS (KIDS), introduced at DIMVA "10. KIDS" core idea is akin to the functioning of some cryptographic primitives, namely to introduce a secret element (the key) into the scheme so that some operations are infeasible without knowing it. In KIDS the learned model and the computation of the anomaly score are both key-dependent, a fact which presumably prevents an attacker from creating evasion attacks. In this work we show that recovering the key is extremely simple provided that the attacker can interact with KIDS and get feedback about probing requests. We present realistic attacks for two different adversarial settings and show that recovering the key requires only a small amount of queries, which indicates that KIDS does not meet the claimed security properties. We finally revisit KIDS' central idea and provide heuristic arguments about its suitability and limitations

Curado de anchoa (engraulis encrasicholus), por sustitución parcial o total del cloruro sódico (nacl),por cloruro potásico (kcl) y/o cloruro magnésico(mgcl)

Debido a que un porcentaje significativo de la población mundial sufre problemas cardiovasculares y afecciones hepáticas por retención de líquidos, en parte causada y/o acentuada por la ingesta de sodio, se decidió realizar el presente estudio con el propósito de obtener un producto curado mas cardiosaludable, de alto consumo en España y los países mediterráneos, como son los filetes de anchoa ( Engraulis encrasicholus), mediante la técnica de sustitución total o parcial del Cloruro sódico (NaCl), por Cloruro potásico (KCl) y/o Cloruro Magnésico (MgCl El trabajo incluyó la realización de diferentes pruebas analíticas, que permitieron dar una mayor visión de las propiedades nutricionales del alimento y de sus aspectos fisicoquímicos. Asimismo se realizó una evaluación de los atributos sensoriales del producto obtenido, recurriendo a catadores no experimentados, con lo que se pretendía conocer el grado de aceptación de los productos obtenidos con bajo contenido en sodio, frente a los tradicionalmente consumidos.).Palabras Clave: Cardiosaludable; sodio; anchoas; potasio; magnesio

Modelo de aula hospitalaria para la atención de niños de primera infancia: una visión con cuatro componentes

Objective: To develop a model based on four components: pedagogical approaches and teacher training, infrastructure and technologic, management and territorial and institutional entities of a hospital classroom for early childhood schooling. Methods: A review of relevant literature in English and Spanish was conducted in health sciences databases. The articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria that considered hospital classroom, management, pedagogy, teacher training, and, territorial and institutional entities; subsequently, the narrative review generated a hospital classroom model based on the literature and on four components. Based on the specialized literature, the approaches (categories) of management, pedagogy, infrastructure, and, territorial entities were developed, their dimensions to guarantee their comprehensive training. Results:  A conceptual model of hospital classrooms was developed, integrating theoretical-humanistic constructs, infrastructure conditions, technology, management and administrative structure for the hospital training of early childhood children. Conclusion: The implementation of a hospital classroom model for early childhood children contributes to the improvement of children's health, as well as in formative and cognitive aspects since it is the result of improving the hospital service for children from the management of health entities.Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo basado en cuatro componentes: enfoques de pedagogía y formación docente, infraestructura y planta tecnológica, gerencia y entes territoriales e institucionales de un aula hospitalaria para escolarizar a la primera infancia. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura relevante en idioma inglés y en español en las bases de datos de ciencias de la salud. Los artículos se seleccionaron según el criterio de inclusión que consideraba aula hospitalaria, gerencia, pedagogía, formación docente y entes territoriales e institucionales; posteriormente la revisión narrativa generó un modelo de aula hospitalaria basado en la literatura y en cuatro componentes. A partir de la literatura especializada se desarrollaron los enfoques (categorías) de gerencia, pedagogía, infraestructura y entes territoriales, sus dimensiones para garantizar su formación integral. Resultados: Se desarrolló un modelo conceptual de aulas hospitalarias, en el cual se integraron constructos teóricos-humanísticos, condiciones de infraestructura, tecnología, gestión, estructura administrativa, para la formación hospitalaria de niños y niñas de primera infancia. Conclusión: La implementación de un modelo de aula hospitalaria para los niños y niñas de primera infancia contribuye al mejoramiento de la salud de los menores, así como en aspectos formativos y cognitivos, pues es el resultado de mejorar el servicio hospitalario de los menores desde la gerencia en las entidades de salud

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Trazabilidad de la vida util de las edificaciones

En la actualidad, conceptos como la durabilidad y la vida útil de una edificación sonun tema asilado en el mundo de la construcción ya que los ingenieros y arquitectos responsablesdel diseño y la ejecuciónno se dan el trabajo de aplicar la normativa vigentepara evaluarestos valores,por falta de conocimiento o tiempo,evitando estimar el ciclo de vida del elemento edificado. Este trabajo de fin de masterpropone el planteamiento de una herramienta experimental digital que permita generar una trazabilidad delos componentes del edificio y poder estimar su durabilidad y el tiempo estimado que la edificación, aplicando los procesos básicos de mantenimiento y reposición de elementos, logre estar de pie cumpliendo con los requisitos de prestación y de servicio y alcanzando los objetivos para lo cual fue diseñada y construida. Es una herramienta que brinda opcionesa todos los actores que intervienen en un proyecto de construcción facilitando la toma de decisionesde futuras restauracionesycreando una visión global de los elementos que deberán ser reemplazados a lo largo del tiempo para garantizar una óptima prestación de servicio.Con estos métodospredictivosse permite que las exigencias de funcionalidad sean correspondientes aloscomponentes utilizados en el desarrollo del proyecto creando un juicio solido sobre el futuro de la edificación

Autocad Design of strawberry seed drill robot: Fresabot III

El diseño para un robot sembrador de semillas de fresas se realiza para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que se dedican a esta actividad, obteniendo una mayor productividad en el proceso de siembra en la agricultura de precisión, lo que se busca es mejorar las técnicas empleadas en la actualidad referentes a la mano de obra, tiempo de ejecución y producto final, para lograr un mejor desempeño en otras áreas, de igual manera se quiere demostrar que en nuestro país se están haciendo aportes de innovación en el área agrícola, lo que se desea es encontrar una solución que sea de bajo costo, que preserve al medio ambiente y que esté al alcance de nuestros agricultores, donde podemos evidenciar un atraso considerable, respecto a los demás países en la producción de cultivo de fresas.The design for a strawberry seed seeder robot is carried out to improve the quality of life of people who are engaged in this activity, obtaining greater productivity in the planting process in precision agriculture, what is sought is to improve the techniques currently used regarding labor, execution time and final product, to achieve a better performance in other areas, in the same way we want to show that in our country innovation contributions are being made in the agricultural area, What is desired is to find a solution that is low cost, that preserves the environment and that is within the reach of our farmers, where we can show a considerable delay, compared to other countries in the production of strawberry cultivation