Inhibición de la proliferación de BLV con elementos antisentidos libres y encapsulados en liposomas

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología ) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Expression of the HPV18/E6 oncoprotein induces DNA damage

Abstract This study investigated possible variations in DNA damage in HeLa cells with silenced expression of the HPV/E6oncogene compared with HeLa cells with normal expression of the E6oncogene using the DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH) technique and a whole human genome DNA probe. The variable levels of DNA breaks present were measured quantitatively using image analysis after whole-genome DNA hybridization. HeLa cells with silenced expression of the HPV18/E6 oncogene showed a significant decrease in DNA damage compared with parental cells with normal expression of the E6oncogene. These results were confirmed by alkaline comet assay. In conclusion, we demonstrated a decrease in DNA damage in HeLa clones associated with low expression of the HPV/E6 oncogene

In vitro anti-canine distemper virus activity of fucoidan extracted from the brown alga Cladosiphon okamuranus

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus related to measles virus that infects dogs and other carnivores. CDV has a significant global impact on animal health; however, there is no current antiviral treatment for CDV infection. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides exhibit antiviral properties both in vivo and in vitro, despite their low cytotoxicity to host cells. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell wall matrix of brown algae. In this study, we evaluated in vitro anti-CDV activity of fucoidan, which was derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus. Fucoidan actively inhibited CDV replication in Vero cells at a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 lg/ml. The derived selectivity index (SI50) was[20,000. This polysaccharide likely inhibits viral infection by interference in the early steps and by inhibiting CDV-mediated cell fusion. Fucoidan may be useful in development of pharmacological strategies to treat and control CDV infection

Sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva clathrata and Cladosiphon okamuranus seaweeds both inhibit viral attachment/entry and cell-cell fusion, in NDV infection

Sulphated polysaccharides (SP) extracted from seaweeds have antiviral properties and are much less cytotoxic than conventional drugs, but little is known about their mode of action. Combination antiviral chemotherapy may offer advantages over single agent therapy, increasing efficiency, potency and delaying the emergence of resistant virus. The paramyxoviridae family includes pathogens causing morbidity and mortality worldwide in humans and animals, such as the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in poultry. This study aims at determining the antiviral activity and mechanism of action in vitro of an ulvan (SP from the green seaweed Ulva clathrata), and of its mixture with a fucoidan (SP from Cladosiphon okamuranus), against La Sota NDV strain. The ulvan antiviral activity was tested using syncytia formation, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.1 μg/mL; ulvan had a better anti cell-cell spread effect than that previously shown for fucoidan, and inhibited cell-cell fusion via a direct effect on the F0 protein, but did not show any virucidal effect. The mixture of ulvan and fucoidan showed a greater anti-spread effect than SPs alone, but ulvan antagonizes the effect of fucoidan on the viral attachment/entry. Both SPs may be promising antivirals against paramyxovirus infection but their mixture has no clear synergistic advantag

shRNA targeting caspase-3 inhibits apoptosis and cell detachment induced by Pemphigus Vulgaris autoantibodies

Pemphigus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is induced by the deposition of pemphigus IgG autoantibodies, which mainly target Dsg1 and 3 and cause a loss of cell adhesion in a phenomenon known as acantholysis, and clinically is reflected as intraepidermal blistering. The present work assessed the effect of pemphigus vulgaris IgG (PV-IgG) on cell adhesion and caspase 3- dependent apoptosis in HaCaT cells. The expression of caspase-3 induced by PV-IgG was silenced in cells pre-treated with caspase 3-shRNA. PV-IgG induced cell detachment and apoptotic changes as demonstrated by the annexin-FITC assays. Treatment of cell cultures with normal IgG (control; N-IgG) did not have relevant effects on the aforementioned parameters. Then, the effect of PV-IgG on cells previously treated with shRNA was tested. The results demonstrated that shRNA reduced apoptotic features and the relative expression of caspase-3 measured by qRT-PCR, which showed a decrease of 96%. In conclusion shRNA prevented cell detachment and apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by PV-IgG. The presented results further our understanding of the molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in pemphigus diseases.Pemphigus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is induced by the deposition of pemphigus IgG autoantibodies, which mainly target Dsg1 and 3 and cause a loss of cell adhesion in a phenomenon known as acantholysis, and clinically is reflected as intraepidermal blistering. The present work assessed the effect of pemphigus vulgaris IgG (PV-IgG) on cell adhesion and caspase 3- dependent apoptosis in HaCaT cells. The expression of caspase-3 induced by PV-IgG was silenced in cells pre-treated with caspase 3-shRNA. PV-IgG induced cell detachment and apoptotic changes as demonstrated by the annexin-FITC assays. Treatment of cell cultures with normal IgG (control; N-IgG) did not have relevant effects on the aforementioned parameters. Then, the effect of PV-IgG on cells previously treated with shRNA was tested. The results demonstrated that shRNA reduced apoptotic features and the relative expression of caspase-3 measured by qRT-PCR, which showed a decrease of 96%. In conclusion shRNA prevented cell detachment and apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by PV-IgG. The presented results further our understanding of the molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in pemphigus diseases

Condición física de futbolistas adultos y jóvenes de un equipo profesional de Nicaragua

En la actualidad, el fútbol es un deporte que demanda un alto desempeño físico, por lo que conocer las características de la condición física en las distintas categorías de desarrollo se hace fundamental para conducir un óptimo proceso de entrenamiento, de modo que, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la condición física de futbolistas de un club profesional de Nicaragua, según la categoría de edad en las cuales se desempeñaban. El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, comparativo, de la condición física de 187 futbolistas, de edades entre 13 y 31 años, distribuidos por categoría según año de nacimiento y plantel profesional. El grupo PRO presenta mayor rendimiento en comparación a las categorías U13, U15, U17 y U21 (p < 0,001) en tiempo sprint lineal 10 metros (F = 71 y TE = 0,71), 30 metros (F = 85 y TE = 0,70), velocidad de tiro (F = 171 y TE = 0,81), Tiempo en test agilidad de Illinois (F = 77 y TE = 0,72) y metros recorridos en Yo-Yo de recuperación intermitente nivel 1 (F = 121 y TE = 0,73). Se puede concluir que existe un mayor rendimiento de los aspectos físicos por parte de las categorías de mayor edad. Estos resultados pueden servir de referencia o de parámetros de comparación de rendimiento físico de jugadores jóvenes y adultos a nivel nacional de Nicaragua

Hand colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community

RESUMEN: En la última década han sido cada vez más frecuentes los informes de infecciones causadas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina asociadas a la comunidad (CA-MRSA, por Community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus). La colonización juega un papel importante en la epidemiología de tales infecciones. Sin embargo, los estudios de colonización se han centrado principalmente en el ambiente hospitalario y se han hecho muy pocos en la comunidad. En este trabajo se investigó la frecuencia de colonización por S. aureus en general y por MRSA en las manos de individuos de la población general no relacionados con el área de la salud, empleando métodos fenotípicos y moleculares. Se obtuvieron mediante hisopado 800 muestras de las manos de otros tantos individuos. Se halló colonización por Staphylococcus aureus en 65 muestras (8,1%) y por MRSA en 5 (0,63%). Las 5 cepas de MRSA presentaban el casete cromosómico mec (SCCmec) de los tipos IV o V, típicamente relacionados con CA-MRSA. Nuestro trabajo evidenció la colonización de las manos por MRSA en individuos de la comunidad, lo cual constituye un importante factor de riesgo, no solo por su asociación con el desarrollo ulterior de infecciones, sino también por el potencial de diseminar este microorganismo a la población general.ABSTRACT: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (CA-MRSA) have been reported with increasing frequency during the past decade. Colonization plays an important role in the epidemiology of such infections. However, colonization studies have focused mostly on hospital settings and only a few have been carried out in communities. This was a study of the frequency of hand colonization by S. aureus in general and by CA-MRSA, by means of phenotypical and molecular methods, in 800 adults from the community who had no relationship with the health area. Staphylococcus aureus colonization was found in 65 individuals (8.1%) and MRSA was present in 5 (0.63%). The 5 MRSA strains were found to have mec chromosomic cassettes (SCCmec) of either type IV or V, typical of CA-MRSA. Our study provides evidence of CA-MRSA colonization in the hands of individuals from the community. This constitutes an important risk factor, not only by its association with subsequent infections, but also for the risk of dissemination of this microorganism to the general population

Clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in the third-molar extraction

ABSTRACT A controlled, parallel, randomized and comparative trial was carried out to evaluate the antiinflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP versus ibuprofen in patients after third-molar surgery over seven days. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP was evaluated using the method of Amin and Laskin, and the analysis of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, INF-g) in saliva was done by flow cytometry. The swelling process after surgery was significant (p < 0.05) and the treatments with IMMUNEPOTENT CRP or ibuprofen controlled this process properly; no difference between the groups was found (p < 0.05). Both treatments were shown to modulate the cytokine production. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of the natural compound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP and suggest it could be used in clinical dental practice

CÉLULAS DENDRÍTICAS EN LA INMUNOPATOLOGÍA DEL VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA

En México, como en el resto de los países del mundo, el SIDA ha sido considerado como un serio problema de salud pública. El VIH-1 tiene la capacidad de infectar diversos tipos celulares: células T, macrófagos y células dendríticas (CD). Estas últimas, son cruciales en la defensa contra agentes infecciosos y juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis del virus, constituyen una de las primeras células en ser infectadas en mucosa periférica y están distribuidas en vagina,ectocervix y mucosa anal; permitiendo así el contacto con el VIH-1 durante la exposición sexual.Recientemente se ha demostrado que una proteína de membrana tipo II denominada DC-SIGN, participa en la unión del VIH-1 a las CD. Este receptor, es el responsable de mediar la infección a las células T a través de CD, utilizandolas como portadoras permitiendo que el virus tenga acceso a tejido linfático, su mayor sitio de replicación, contribuyendo de esta manera a la patogénesis del VIH/SIDA.Palabras clave: SIDA, VIH, Células dendríticas   AIDS, HIV, dendrtitic cel