Patrimonio Natural y Cultural de Punta Cuevas Educar para la Conservación

ResumenEl presente trabajo es una experiencia didácticatransdisciplinaria realizada en la ciudad de PuertoMadryn por estudiantes y docentes de la EscuelaSecundaria de Educación Técnico ProfesionalN° 728 “Alfonsina Storni”. La misma consistióen una salida educativa al Parque Histórico PuntaCuevas con la finalidad de brindar herramientas através de la educación e interpretación ambiental,para que los estudiantes puedan comprenderla compleja estructura del ambiente, formándoseen una concepción holística donde se evidenciela interacción de los aspectos físicos, biológicos,sociales y culturales del lugar para la preservacióndel patrimonio natural y cultural. Natural and Cultural Heritage of Punta CuevasEducating for Conservation AbstractThis work is based on a transdisciplinary didacticexperience carried out in Puerto Madryn, bystudents and teachers of the 728 “AlfonsinaStorni” highschool of technical-professionaleducation. It consisted of an educational fieldtrip to the historical park Punta Cuevas withthe objective of providing, through the use ofconservation education and interpretation, anunderstanding of the complex structure of theenvironment, forming a broad conceptualisationwhere the interactions between the physical,biological, social and cultural aspects of the placeis evident, so as to promote the preservation ofthe natural and cultural heritage of the region

Assessment of reduced order Kalman filter for parameter identification in one-dimensional blood flow models using experimental data

This work presents a detailed investigation of a parameter estimation approach based on the reduced order unscented Kalman filter (ROUKF) in the context of one-dimensional blood flow models. In particular, the main aims of this study are (i) to investigate the effect of using real measurements vs. synthetic data (i.e., numerical results of the same in silico model, perturbed with white noise) for the estimation and (ii) to identify potential difficulties and limitations of the approach in clinically realistic applications in order to assess the applicability of the filter to such setups. For these purposes, our numerical study is based on the in vitro model of the arterial network described by [Alastruey et al. 2011, J. Biomech. 44], for which experimental flow and pressure measurements are available at few selected locations. In order to mimic clinically relevant situations, we focus on the estimation of terminal resistances and arterial wall parameters related to vessel mechanics (Youngs modulus and thickness) using few experimental observations (at most a single pressure or flow measurement per vessel). In all cases, we first perform a theoretical identifiability analysis based on the generalized sensitivity function, comparing then the results obtained with the ROUKF, using either synthetic or experimental data, to results obtained using reference parameters and to available measurements

Assessment of reduced order Kalman filter for parameter identification in one-dimensional blood flow models using experimental data

This work presents a detailed investigation of a parameter estimation approach based on the reduced order unscented Kalman filter (ROUKF) in the context of one-dimensional blood flow models. In particular, the main aims of this study are (i) to investigate the effect of using real measurements vs. synthetic data (i.e., numerical results of the same in silico model, perturbed with white noise) for the estimation and (ii) to identify potential difficulties and limitations of the approach in clinically realistic applications in order to assess the applicability of the filter to such setups. For these purposes, our numerical study is based on the in vitro model of the arterial network described by [Alastruey et al. 2011, J. Biomech. {\bf 44}], for which experimental flow and pressure measurements are available at few selected locations. In order to mimic clinically relevant situations, we focus on the estimation of terminal resistances and arterial wall parameters related to vessel mechanics (Young's modulus and thickness) using few experimental observations (at most a single pressure or flow measurement per vessel). In all cases, we first perform a theoretical identifiability analysis based on the generalized sensitivity function, comparing then the results obtained with the ROUKF, using either synthetic or experimental data, to results obtained using reference parameters and to available measurements

Las opiniones en 2021 e interacciones de los fanáticos limeños del universo cinematográfico de Marvel sobre su narrativa transmedia en las 3 primeras fases

El Universo cinematográfico de Marvel es una de las franquicias más conocidas de mundo, donde nos muestra una serie de películas de los superhéroes más famosos del mundo, como Iron Man, Hulk, Capitán América, etc, las cuales después esparcen sus historias por otros medios como los comics, animaciones, videojuegos, series,merchandising, etc. Esta investigación identificará las opiniones en 2021 e interacciones de los fanáticos limeños del universo cinematográfico de Marvel sobre su narrativa transmedia en las 3 primeras fases, utilizando el tipo de investigación básica, enfocándolo como una investigación cualitativa porque queremos recolectar opiniones, punto de vista y las formas de interacciones que utilizan estos fanáticos, y estructurando un diseño de investigación fenomenológico por el saber más sobre la narrativa transmedia de este universo mediante las opiniones de los fanáticos. Para llegar a ello se hará uso de la técnica de la entrevista estructurada virtual, con la elaboración de una guía de entrevista como instrumento, donde se tendrá en cuenta a la población de todos los fanáticos limeños del universo cinematográfico de Marvel, para luego seleccionar una muestra de 20 personas, con el fin de que después se contemple la dispersión existente entre los distintos perfile

Medicion de actitud de los clientes internos del departamento informatico sobre las actividades de apoyo a la introduccion de una nueva tecnologia de informacion. Sector bancos nacionales grandes

113 p.El estudio pretende determinar cual es la actitud de los Clientes Internos de los bancos frente a las actividades que Informática realiza para facilitar la comprensión y uso de una nueva Tecnología de Información, en introducción. Para lograr lo anterior, se realizo un estudio preliminar de carácter exploratorio para delimitar el campo de la investigación, que permitió centrar el estudio en el sector de interés. Este se desarrollo en base a entrevistas no dirigidas a Gerentes, Sub Gerentes de Informática, en las casas matrices de los 8 bancos nacionales dentro de la categoría de "grandes". Esta categoría se determina en base a tres variables: Numero de Empleados, Participación de Mercado de Colocaciones y Utilidades obtenidas en el ultimo periodo ( ano 1995 ). La clasificación de las instituciones bancarias fue obtenida de la Super Intendencia de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras. La fase preliminar da paso al desarrollo de un estudio concluyente del tipo descriptivo. Este permite cumplir con el objetivo de medición de actitud planteado. En esta fase se hace una selección de una muestra del tipo no probabilístico y específicamente por conveniencia, orientado hacia Gerentes, Sub Gerentes de las áreas Operativa y Comercial, de los 8 bancos clasificados anteriormente y considerados en el estudio exploratorio. De estos 8, 6 aceptan ser encuestados, lo que representa una tasa de cooperación de un 75%. Luego, los bancos entrevistados son: Muestra : 6 Bancos Nacionales Grandes - De Chile − Sud American - Osorno y La Unión − BCI - Santiago - A. Edwards El estudio permitió identificar las actividades que permiten facilitar el uso y comprensión de una nueva Tecnología de Información, las cuales se denominan Actividades de Apoyo. Estas se agrupan en tres ramas genéricas: Promoción, Capacitación y Asistencia. Las actividades de apoyo identificadas por ramas son: - Promoción: - Mailing - Folletos - Publicaciones -Videos - Capacitación - Cursos - Manuales - Asistencia - Mesa de Ayuda - Asistencia Técnica - Menús de Ayuda La evaluación para cada actividad se realiza en base al modelo de medición de actitud denominado Fishbein o modelo de actitud hacia el objeto. Los resultados arrojaron que existe una actitud favorable hacia las Actividades de Apoyo en general, destacando las actividades de Promoción y dentro de ella, la actividad de Videos. Las actividades consideradas como de mayor importancia para facilitar la comprensión y use de una Tecnología de Información, no siempre obtuvieron una buena calificación. Se recomienda un análisis mas acabado, en cada uno de los casos, por parte de la gerencia de Informática de las instituciones consideradas en este estudio. Es interesante notar la mayor tendencia de los encuestados a recomendar y a participar a futuro, en actividades del tipo promociónales y de capacitación. Menor tendencia en este sentido, se observa para las actividades asistenciales. Otro aspecto destacable, es el hecho que sobre el 50% de los encuestados manifiesta un grado medio de conocimiento sobre cada una de las actividades. Finalmente, respecto al nivel de satisfacción, en general destaca el grado medio de esta que manifiestan los encuestados con cada una de las actividades recibidas. Las actividades de Capacitación son las que logran un mejor nivel de satisfacción

High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Produces Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmias and Increases the Activity of Ryanodine Receptors in Mice

Ventricular arrhythmias are a common cause of sudden cardiac death, and their occurrence is higher in obese subjects. Abnormal gating of ryanodine receptors (RyR2), the calcium release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, can produce ventricular arrhythmias. Since obesity promotes oxidative stress and RyR2 are redox-sensitive channels, we investigated whether the RyR2 activity was altered in obese mice. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) became obese after eight weeks and exhibited a significant increase in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. Single RyR2 channels isolated from the hearts of obese mice were more active in planar bilayers than those isolated from the hearts of the control mice. At the molecular level, RyR2 channels from HFD-fed mice had substantially fewer free thiol residues, suggesting that redox modifications were responsible for the higher activity. Apocynin, provided in the drinking water, completely prevented the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias in HFD-fed mice, and normalized the activity and content of the free thiol residues of the protein. HFD increased the expression of NOX4, an isoform of NADPH oxidase, in the heart. Our results suggest that HFD increases the activity of RyR2 channels via a redox-dependent mechanism, favoring the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias.Fil: Pecchi Sanchez, Gina Angela. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Araneda, Felipe. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Peña, Juan Pedro. Universidad de Viña del Mar. Escuela de Ciencias Veterinarias; ChileFil: Finkelstein, Jose Pablo. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Riquelme, Jaime A.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Montecinos, Luis. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Barrientos, Genaro. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: LLanos, Paola. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Pedrozo, Zully. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Said, Maria Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani"; ArgentinaFil: Bull, Ricardo. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; ChileFil: Donoso, Paulina. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Institutos de Ciencias Biomédicas; Chil

N-Acetylcysteine Prevents the Spatial Memory Deficits and the Redox-Dependent RyR2 Decrease Displayed by an Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model

We have previously reported that primary hippocampal neurons exposed to synaptotoxic amyloid beta oligomers (AβOs), which are likely causative agents of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), exhibit abnormal Ca2+ signals, mitochondrial dysfunction and defective structural plasticity. Additionally, AβOs-exposed neurons exhibit a decrease in the protein content of type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+ channels, which exert critical roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory processes. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents these deleterious effects of AβOs in vitro. The main contribution of the present work is to show that AβOs injections directly into the hippocampus, by engaging oxidation-mediated reversible pathways significantly decreased RyR2 protein content but increased single RyR2 channel activation by Ca2+ and caused considerable spatial memory deficits. AβOs injections into the CA3 hippocampal region impaired rat performance in the Oasis maze spatial memory task, decreased hippocampal glutathione levels and overall content of plasticity-related proteins (c-Fos, Arc, and RyR2) and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, in hippocampus-derived mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) AβOs injections increased RyR2 levels. Rats fed with NAC for 3-weeks prior to AβOs injections displayed comparable redox potential, RyR2 and Arc protein contents, similar ERK1/2 phosphorylation and RyR2 single channel activation by Ca2+ as saline-injected (control) rats. NAC-fed rats subsequently injected with AβOs displayed the same behavior in the spatial memory task as control rats. Based on the present in vivo results, we propose that redox-sensitive neuronal RyR2 channels partake in the mechanism underlying AβOs-induced memory disruption in rodents

A chimeric protein-based vaccine elicits a strong IgG antibody response and confers partial protection against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in mice

BackgroundShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal infections, ranging from acute diarrhea and dysentery to life-threatening diseases such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Currently, a vaccine to prevent STEC infection is an unmet medical need.ResultsWe developed a chimeric protein-based vaccine targeting seven virulence factors of STEC, including the Stx2B subunit, Tir, Intimin, EspA, Cah, OmpT, and AggA proteins. Immunization of mice with this vaccine candidate elicited significant humoral and cellular immune responses against STEC. High levels of specific IgG antibodies were found in the serum and feces of immunized mice. However, specific IgA antibodies were not detected in either serum or feces. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 was observed in the spleens of immunized mice. Notably, the immunized mice showed decreased shedding of STEC O157:H7 and STEC O91:H21 strains and were protected against weight loss during experimental infection. Additionally, infection with the STEC O91:H21 strain resulted in kidney damage in control unimmunized mice; however, the extent of damage was slightly lower in immunized mice. Our findings suggest that IgG antibodies induced by this vaccine candidate may have a role in inhibiting bacterial adhesion and complement-mediated killing.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that IgG responses are involved in the host defense against STEC. However, our results do not rule out that other classes of antibodies also participate in the protection against this pathogen. Additional work is needed to improve the protection conferred by our vaccine candidate and to elucidate the relevant immune responses that lead to complete protection against this pathogen

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Modulate Mouse ENT1 Activity and Protect Leukemia Cells from Cytarabine Induced Apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Despite a high response rate to chemotherapy, the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are destined to relapse due to residual disease in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is increasingly being recognized as a critical factor in mediating cancer cell survival and drug resistance. In this study, we propose to identify mechanisms involved in the chemoprotection conferred by the BM stroma to leukemia cells. METHODS: Using a leukemia mouse model and a human leukemia cell line, we studied the interaction of leukemia cells with the BM microenvironment. We evaluated in vivo and in vitro leukemia cell chemoprotection to different cytotoxic agents mediated by the BM stroma. Leukemia cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting. The activity of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), responsible for cytarabine cell incorporation, was investigated by measuring transport and intracellular accumulation of (3)H-adenosine. RESULTS: Leukemia cell mobilization from the bone marrow into peripheral blood in vivo using a CXCR4 inhibitor induced chemo-sensitization of leukemia cells to cytarabine, which translated into a prolonged survival advantage in our mouse leukemia model. In vitro, the BM stromal cells secreted a soluble factor that mediated significant chemoprotection to leukemia cells from cytarabine induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the BM stromal cell supernatant induced a 50% reduction of the ENT1 activity in leukemia cells, reducing the incorporation of cytarabine. No protection was observed when radiation or other cytotoxic agents such as etoposide, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used. CONCLUSION: The BM stroma secretes a soluble factor that significantly protects leukemia cells from cytarabine-induced apoptosis and blocks ENT1 activity. Strategies that modify the chemo-protective effects mediated by the BM microenvironment may enhance the benefit of conventional chemotherapy for patients with AML