Recomendaciones técnicas para disminuir pérdidas de agua en represas destinadas al consumo animal

Las represas para captación y almacenamiento del agua de lluvias son, desde hace mucho tiempo, la estrategia que los productores ganaderos bovinos de cría utilizan para poder contar con este valioso recurso en las zonas áridas de nuestra provincia y también en otros lugares del País. Esta cartilla trata sobre las diferentes alternativas para disminuir pérdidas de agua producidas por evaporación y por infiltración, que en la zona del árido Sanjuanino pueden llegar a representar el 75 % del agua almacenada.EEA San JuanFil: Vitale Guardia, Pablo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valle Fertil; Argentin

Precipitation is the key determinant of topsoil δ15N values in southern Patagonia’s semiarid rangelands

Nitrogen (N) cycling in rangeland soils could potentially be controlled by water supply, stocking rates, or a range of other variables, such as ecosystem N stocks. To gauge the relative importance and elucidate possible interactions among these factors, we measured many abiotic variables to identify first-order controls of δ15N for Patagonia’s rangeland soils under contrasting historical grazing intensities. The results showed that δ15N values declined as water availability increased. The effects of precipitation and stocking rate on soil δ15N values were additive, and the effect of precipitation far outweighed the effects of grazing pressure. The soil N stock was a weak predictive variable for modeling variation in δ15N of the soil. Earlier assumptions about an inflection point for N cycling and δ15N values related to aridity were not confirmed. We conclude that variation in water availability drives variation in δ15N values irrespective of grazing intensity. We also conclude that meaningful interpretation of δ15N in soil will require a better mechanistic understanding of the interactions between water and N in the vadose zone than we currently possess.EEA Santa CruzFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Laboratorio Nacional de Suelos, Aguas y Foliares-LABSAF; Perú.Fil: Amelung, Wulf. University of Bonn. Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES). Soil Science and Soil Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Ladd, Brenton. Universidad Científica del Sur. Escuela de Agroforestería; Perú

Association between the detection of alcohol, illicit drugs and/or psychotropic medications/ opioids in patients admitted due to trauma and trauma recidivism: A cohort study

To quantify the association between the presence and type of drug detected and trauma recidivism in a cohort of patients admitted due to trauma. The incidence rate of TR was 10.94 cases per 100 patient-years in the group of patients negative for substances and 27.99 per 100 patient-years in positive patients. The survival curves show very significant differences in cumulative recurrence-free survival between the groups (Log Rank: p<0.001). Both the aHRR and the aIRR estimates show an increased risk of re-injury due to alcohol consumption (aIRR: 2.33 (1.72±3.15), p<0.001), cannabis use (aIRR: 1.87 (1.09±3.20), p = 0.022) and polydrug use (aIRR: 2.34 (1.80±3.04), p<0.001). The presence of alcohol and/or illicit drugs in these patients doubles the risk of trauma recidivismThis work was supported by the Dirección General de Tráfico, Spain [grant number: 0100DGT22389

The more you take it, the better it works: six-month results of a nalmefene phase-IV trial

Background: Alcohol use disorders remain a major health problem. Reduced drinking has been increasingly recognized as a valuable alternative to abstinence. Nalmefene has shown in previous, experimental studies to be a useful tool to aid reduced drinking. However, more data from routine practice settings are needed in order to obtain evidence with high external validity. The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm phase-IV study with alcohol-dependent outpatients starting with nalmefene for the first time. Here, we present the main effectiveness analysis, scheduled at six months. Methods: This was an observational, multisite, single-arm, phase-IV study conducted among adult alcohol-dependent outpatients who received nalmefene for the first time. The study consisted of four visits: Baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. At each visit, drinking variables were obtained from the time-line follow-back regarding the previous month. Satisfaction with medication was also assessed from both patients and professionals with the Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire. A repeated measures mixed model was performed for effective analysis regarding drinking outcomes (reduction in total alcohol consumption and the number of heavy drinking days). Regression analyses were performed in order to find predictors of responses to nalmefene. Results: From a total of 110 patients included, 63 reported data at the six-month visit. On average, patients took nalmefene 69% of days during the month previous to the 6-month assessment. Compared to the one month results, the number of heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption increased. Still, they were significantly lower than baseline values (outcome evolution over time was from 13.5 to 6.8 to 9.4 days/month, and from 169 to 79 to 116 units/month). A total of 23 patients were considered medication responders. The number of days of taking nalmefene was significantly associated in the regression analysis. Satisfaction was globally high for both professionals and patients and, overall, nalmefene was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The data provided by this phase-IV study suggest that nalmefene is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for alcohol-dependence in real world, clinical settings

A comparison between phase-III trials and a phase-IV study of nalmefene in alcohol use disorder patients. Is there a difference?

Concerns regarding the external validity of phase-III trials are common to many medical disciplines, with relevant discrepancies found between experimental and clinical samples in some diseases such as hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the samples included in the pivotal, phase-III clinical trials of nalmefene with that of a recently conducted phase-IV trial. Baseline characteristics of the studies were compared through univariate analysis. Significant differences were found in the percentage of low-risk drinkers included. Differences were also found in the prescription and intake pattern of nalmefene, as well as in the rate of psychiatric and addictive comorbidities, which were much higher in the phase-IV study. These data suggest that in the field of alcohol use disorders there are also relevant differences between experimental and clinical samples, a fact that reinforces the need for phase-III trials to be balanced with observational, phase-IV trials

Magnetically triggered release of molecular cargo from iron oxide nanoparticle loaded microcapsules

Iron oxide nanocube-modified microcapsules as a platform for magnetically triggered molecular release

Ganaderos de Valle Fértil inician un proyecto con la AER INTA Valle Fértil

Durante los meses de agosto y de septiembre en el departamento Valle Fértil, Provincia de San Juan, el equipo de la AER INTA Valle Fértil, dio por iniciadas las actividades del Proyecto de Extensión PROFEDER 775142– INTA EEA San Juan: “Fortalecimiento organizacional y productivo de los productores ganaderos bovinos del departamento Valle Fértil, en la Provincia de San Juan”, el cual se encuentra en el marco del Proyecto Regional con enfoque Territorial (PRET) MZASJ-1251510 “Desarrollo Territorial de los Valles Andinos y Noreste de San Juan. Para dar comienzo a las acciones del proyecto, se dedicaron cinco jornadas de trabajo, las que se enfocaron a visitar las explotaciones de los ganaderos, para relevar el momento productivo de los rodeos, el estado de las pasturas y el abastecimiento de agua para bebida, además de convocar y realizar las primeras reuniones con cada grupo participante. Instituciones participantes extra INTA: Equipo Territorial Valle Fértil de la Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar dependiente del Ministerio de Agroindustria de la Nación, Ing. Pedro Lucero Municipalidad de Valle Fértil Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería y Agroindustria y Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable, Provincia de San Juan Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Lic. Mariángeles Gaviorno.EEA San JuanFil: Flores, Orlando Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Vitale Guardia, Pablo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valle Fertil; Argentin

Subnanometer Local Temperature Probing and Remotely Controlled Drug Release Based on Azo-Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Local heating can be produced by iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). To measure the temperature profile at the nanoparticle surface with a subnanometer resolution, here we present a molecular temperature probe based on the thermal decomposition of a thermo-sensitive molecule, namely, azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine]. Fluoresceineamine (FA) was bound to the azo molecule at the IONP surface functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacers of different molecular weights. Significant local heating, with a temperature increase up to 45 °C, was found at distances below 0.5 nm from the surface of the nanoparticle, which decays exponentially with increasing distance. Furthermore, the temperature increase was found to scale linearly with the applied field at all distances. We implemented these findings in an AMF-triggered drug release system in which doxorubicin was covalently linked at different distances from the IONP surface bearing the s..

The more you take it, the better it works : Six-month results of a nalmefene phase-IV trial

Alcohol use disorders remain a major health problem. Reduced drinking has been increasingly recognized as a valuable alternative to abstinence. Nalmefene has shown in previous, experimental studies to be a useful tool to aid reduced drinking. However, more data from routine practice settings are needed in order to obtain evidence with high external validity. The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm phase-IV study with alcohol-dependent outpatients starting with nalmefene for the first time. Here, we present the main effectiveness analysis, scheduled at six months. This was an observational, multisite, single-arm, phase-IV study conducted among adult alcohol-dependent outpatients who received nalmefene for the first time. The study consisted of four visits: Baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. At each visit, drinking variables were obtained from the time-line follow-back regarding the previous month. Satisfaction with medication was also assessed from both patients and professionals with the Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire. A repeated measures mixed model was performed for effective analysis regarding drinking outcomes (reduction in total alcohol consumption and the number of heavy drinking days). Regression analyses were performed in order to find predictors of responses to nalmefene. From a total of 110 patients included, 63 reported data at the six-month visit. On average, patients took nalmefene 69% of days during the month previous to the 6-month assessment. Compared to the one month results, the number of heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption increased. Still, they were significantly lower than baseline values (outcome evolution over time was from 13.5 to 6.8 to 9.4 days/month, and from 169 to 79 to 116 units/month). A total of 23 patients were considered medication responders. The number of days of taking nalmefene was significantly associated in the regression analysis. Satisfaction was globally high for both professionals and patients and, overall, nalmefene was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. The data provided by this phase-IV study suggest that nalmefene is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for alcohol-dependence in real world, clinical settings