Working and health conditions of drivers of a public transportation company in bogotá, d.c.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. Aimed at identifying the working conditions of the drivers of a public transportation company in Bogotá. A technical inspection was done in some of the routes covered by the company. 194 drivers were included; all of them were interviewed, and submitted to medical and physiotherapeutic exams, audiometry, examination of visual acuity and visual field, spirometry and biochemical tests (glycemia, lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin blood levels before and after working exposition). The results showed that these workers are mainly exposed to the poor state of the streets, chemical pollutants, glaring, noisy environments, competition with other public transportation services ("cents war"), poor lighting in the streets and sudden temperature changes. Gastrointestinal alterations, anxiety, visual changes, depression, otorhinolaryngological manifestations, osteomuscular signs and symptoms (muscular retractions in the lower limb muscles and in the paravertebral muscles; alterations in the dorsal and lumbar spine) changes in the oral cavity, eyes and its annexes and nose, overweight, obesity, presbyopia, astigmatism, lipemia and abnormal carboxyhemoglobin levels were the most frequently reported changes after working exposition. One third of the drivers complained of high stress levels. The findings suggest discoveries suggest that the working conditions can cause adverse effects on health. It is recommended that future analytical studies be carried out in order to investigate the probable associations between the working risk factors and the adverse effects on health found here.Con el objetivo de identificar las condiciones de trabajo y salud de los conductores de una empresa de transporte público urbano, en 1999 se realizó en Bogotá un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se efectuó una inspección técnica en algunas rutas cubiertas por la empresa y se realizaron entrevistas, exámenes médico y fisioterapéutico, audiometrías, visiometrías, espirometrías, y pruebas biológicas (glicemia, perfil lipídico, hemoglobina glicosilada y niveles sanguíneos de carboxihemoglobina pre y post-exposición laboral) a 194 conductores. Los resultados mostraron que estos trabajadores están expuestos principalmente al mal estado de las vías, contaminantes químicos, deslumbramientos, ambiente ruidoso, competencia con otros vehículos ("guerra del centavo"), deficiente iluminación de las vías y cambios bruscos de temperatura. Frecuentemente reportaron síntomas: digestivos, de ansiedad, oculares, depresivos, otorrinolaringológicos, osteomusculares, respiratorios y neurológicos. Las mayores alteraciones de salud se relacionaron con sistema osteomuscular (retracciones musculares de miembros inferiores y paravertebrales, alteraciones de columna vertebral lumbar y dorsal), cavidad bucal, ojos y anexos, nariz, sobrepeso y obesidad; presbicia y astigmatismo, lipemias y niveles anormales de carboxihemoglobina postexposición laboral. Una tercera parte de los conductores manifestaron niveles altos de estrés. Los hallazgos sugieren que las condiciones de trabajo pueden contribuir con efectos adversos sobre la salud. Se reco mienda que futuros estudios (analíticos) investiguen las probables asociaciones entre factores de riesgo laboral y efectos adversos en la salud, aquí encontrados

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of complicated malaria in Colombia, 2007–2013

Additional file 2. Annual percentage change (APC) for complicated malaria, stratified by age

Jóvenes y participación política flexible: cooperativismo en tiempos del capital hipermóvil

This ethnographic study analyzes how cooperative societies that aim to improve people’s living standards are a resource used by young people both to struggle against inequalities that exist in the material and symbolic domains and to join the labor force in a social order shaped by hypermobile global capitalism. Although young people keep a cautious distance from traditional political actors (political parties, government institutions, etc.), they act flexibly and maintain circumstantial interdependent relations with these entities in order to further their plans and projects.A partir de un estudio etnográfico se da cuenta del modo en que las sociedades cooperativas dedicadas al mejoramiento social son un recurso empleado por algunos sectores de jóvenes para emprender luchas contra las desigualdades que se producen en los dominios material y simbólico y para insertarse laboralmente en un orden social condicionado por las dinámicas de un capitalismo global hipermóvil. Se expone que, si bien estos jóvenes expresan una distancia con respecto a los actores de la política tradicional —partidos políticos, instituciones gubernamentales, etcétera—, operan bajo una lógica flexible en tanto trazan relaciones circunstanciales de interdependencia con estos para agenciar sus proyectos

In Silico Antiprotozoal Evaluation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives against Chagas and Leishmaniasis Diseases Using QSAR, Molecular Docking, and ADME Approaches

Chagas and leishmaniasis are two neglected diseases considered as public health problems worldwide, for which there is no effective, low-cost, and low-toxicity treatment for the host. Naphthoquinones are ligands with redox properties involved in oxidative biological processes with a wide variety of activities, including antiparasitic. In this work, in silico methods of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR), molecular docking, and calculation of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties were used to evaluate naphthoquinone derivatives with unknown antiprotozoal activity. QSAR models were developed for predicting antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania infatum, as well as the QSAR model for toxicity activity. Most of the evaluated ligands presented high antiparasitic activity. According to the docking results, the family of triazole derivatives presented the best affinity with the different macromolecular targets. The ADME results showed that most of the evaluated compounds present adequate conditions to be administered orally. Naphthoquinone derivatives show good biological activity results, depending on the substituents attached to the quinone ring, and perhaps the potential to be converted into drugs or starting molecules.Fil: Prieto Cárdenas, Lina S.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Arias Soler, Karen A.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Nossa González, Diana Lisseth. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rozo Núñez, Wilson E.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Cárdenas-Chaparro, Agobardo. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Duchowicz, Pablo Román. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Castaño, Jovanny Arles. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Colombi

Análisis y Comparación de Algoritmos de Localización en Redes Inalámbricas de Sensores

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis y comparación de diferentes algoritmos para la localización de sensores. Para la evaluación de los algoritmos, se simuló una red inalámbrica de sensores en MATLAB. Esta consiste de un área delimitada de 100m x 100m en donde se distribuyeron aleatoriamente 100 sensores con rango parcial para su localización. Las distancias estimadas entre sensores se hicieron bajo la técnica Received Signal Strength. Para la estimación inicial de la posición, cada sensor utilizó la distancia estimada con cuatro anchors integrados en la red, así como también la posición conocida de estos. Posteriormente cada sensor utilizó la técnica Least Square para finalmente obtener la posición inicial. Una vez que cada sensor en la red estimó suposición inicial, se utilizó dicho conjunto de posiciones iniciales como punto de inicio para los diferentes algoritmos a ser analizados. El desempeño de cada algoritmo fue evaluado con base en la relación precisión versus número de iteraciones empleadas.Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los algoritmos iterativos optimizados son más eficientes en precisión y número de iteraciones. Entre los algoritmos de localización analizados se encuentran: LeastSquare, Min-Max, Spatially-Constrained Local Problems, Push-Pull Estimator y Levenberg-Marquardt

XUE. Molecular inventory in the inner region of an extremely irradiated Protoplanetary Disk

We present the first results of the eXtreme UV Environments (XUE) James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) program, that focuses on the characterization of planet forming disks in massive star forming regions. These regions are likely representative of the environment in which most planetary systems formed. Understanding the impact of environment on planet formation is critical in order to gain insights into the diversity of the observed exoplanet populations. XUE targets 15 disks in three areas of NGC 6357, which hosts numerous massive OB stars, among which some of the most massive stars in our Galaxy. Thanks to JWST we can, for the first time, study the effect of external irradiation on the inner ($< 10$ au), terrestrial-planet forming regions of proto-planetary disks. In this study, we report on the detection of abundant water, CO, CO$_2$, HCN and C$_2$H$_2$ in the inner few au of XUE 1, a highly irradiated disk in NGC 6357. In addition, small, partially crystalline silicate dust is present at the disk surface. The derived column densities, the oxygen-dominated gas-phase chemistry, and the presence of silicate dust are surprisingly similar to those found in inner disks located in nearby, relatively isolated low-mass star-forming regions. Our findings imply that the inner regions of highly irradiated disks can retain similar physical and chemical conditions as disks in low-mass star-forming regions, thus broadening the range of environments with similar conditions for inner disk rocky planet formation to the most extreme star-forming regions in our Galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. 20 pages, 7 figure

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis