Política de monitoramento e avaliação da atenção básica no Brasil de 2003 a 2006: contextualizando sua implantação e efeitos The policy for monitoring and evaluation of primary health care in Brazil from 2003 to 2006: contextualizing its implementation and effects

OBJETIVOS: este artigo apresenta um estudo da Implantação da Política de Monitoramento e Avaliação da Atenção Básica no Brasil. Estima o grau de implantação dos dispositivos institucionais e da Intervenção, além de avaliar a sua influência nos efeitos produzidos a partir da interação com o contexto político-organizacional. MÉTODOS: pesquisa avaliativa do tipo análise de implantação. Estudo de caso com níveis de análise imbricados e triangulação de métodos. Para estimar o grau de implantação consideraram-se os dispositivos institucionais produzidos, representativos dos componentes do modelo lógico da intervenção. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas e analisados 29 documentos relacionados. RESULTADOS: a intervenção foi classificada como implantada em um grau Avançado, com 78% das ações realizadas. O contexto político-institucional foi caracterizado pela conjunção de decisão político-institucional, recursos financeiros, mecanismos técnicos e estratégias organizacionais de qualificação dos recursos humanos para avaliação com vistas à construção da capacidade institucional. Foi encontrado conjunto significante de efeitos não-intencionais como decorrência da pluralidade de dispositivos utilizados para a implantação da intervenção. CONCLUSÕES: A política revela um franco esforço objetivando a integração das ações no âmbito institucional e a descentralização das ações de avaliação. Neste sentido, duas características são marcantes: o desenvolvimento de capacidade técnica, por meio de processos avaliativos formativos, e o foco no fortalecimento das Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde.<br>OBJECTIVE: this article presents a study of the Implementation of the Policy for Monitoring and Evaluation of Primary Health Care in Brazil. The extent of implementation of the institutional mechanisms and of the intervention are estimated and their influence on the effects produced analyzed in its political and organizational context. METHODS: implementation analysis-type evaluative research was carried out, involving a case study with overlapping levels of analysis and triangulation of methods. To estimate the degree of implementation, the institutional mechanism produced representing the components of the logical intervention model were taken into account. Twenty interviews were conducted and 29 related documents analyzed. RESULTS: the intervention was classified as an advanced stage of implementation, with 78% of actions already carried out. The political and institutional context were characterized as a conjunction of political institutional decision making, financial resources, technical and strategic organizational mechanisms for staff training in evaluation with a view to institutional capacity-building. A significant set of non-intentional effects were discovered owing to the number of mechanisms used to implementation of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: great efforts have been made to integrate actions at institutional level and to decentralize evaluation. This has two striking features: the development of technical capacity through processes of formative evaluation and strengthening State Health Departments

Notes for genera – Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. De Not. (Art. 59)