99 research outputs found
Exploration of Machine Learning Classification Models Used for Behavioral Biometrics Authentication
Mobile devices have been manufactured and enhanced at growing rates in the
past decades. While this growth has significantly evolved the capability of
these devices, their security has been falling behind. This contrast in
development between capability and security of mobile devices is a significant
problem with the sensitive information of the public at risk. Continuing the
previous work in this field, this study identifies key Machine Learning
algorithms currently being used for behavioral biometric mobile authentication
schemes and aims to provide a comprehensive review of these algorithms when
used with touch dynamics and phone movement. Throughout this paper the
benefits, limitations, and recommendations for future work will be discussed
California Census 2020 Statewide Funders Initiative Final Evaluation Report
The 2020 census was among the most fraught in recent history, with threats to a fair and complete count posed by the global pandemic and the federal administration's attempt to limit the inclusion of immigrants. Fortunately, funders and other stakeholders built on the lessons of census 2010, and the California Census 2020 Statewide Funders Initiative coordinated investments with the state to maximize the number of Californians counted. This report documents learnings from the California Census 2020 Statewide Funders Initiative
The Effects of Energy Intake on Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Ultra-Endurance Triathletes
Background: It is unclear whether energy intake can impact the incidence of upper respiratory symptoms (URS). The purpose of this study was to examine if there are differences in energy intake between symptomatic (SYM) and asymptomatic (ASYM) groups of URS in Ironman-triathletes. Methods: Thirty-three subjects competing in the Lake Placid Ironman-triathlon (mean±SD; age,37±8y; height,178±8cm; mass,76.3±10.4kg; body fat,10.8±3.8%) were randomized into either the control (CON) or intervention (INT). INT consumed 4-commercial recovery drinks, two immediately post-race and two 3-hours post-race. Calorie and macronutrient intake were recorded pre-, during, and post-race. Subjects completed the Wisconsin URS Survey to assess URS over the next two weeks. Two analyses were done by comparing results between CON and INT, and when subjects were classified as either asymptomatic (ASYM=20) or symptomatic (SYM=13). Results: There were no differences in energy intake (p\u3e0.05) and URS (INT,32±38; CON,16±23; p=0.155). However, on the race day, SYM (9,044±2,598kcal) consumed less energy intake than ASYM (10,991±2497kcal) (p=0.044). Also, SYM consumed less energy the day before the race (p=0.031) and post-race (p=0.008). ASYM consumed greater carbohydrate the day before the race (p=0.032), fat the day of the race (p=0.006), carbohydrate post-race (p=0.08) and fat post-race (p=0.002). Conclusions: Overall energy intake was similar between CON and INT. However, when subjects were differentiated by URS, SYM consumed less calories the day before and day of the race versus ASYM
Early risk factors of overweight developmental trajectories during middle childhood
Background
Research is needed to identify early life risk factors associated with different developmental
paths leading to overweight by adolescence.
Objectives
To model heterogeneity in overweight development during middle childhood and identify
factors associated with differing overweight trajectories.
Methods
Data was drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 1998-
2010). Trained research assistants measured height and weight according to a standardized
protocol and conducted yearly home interviews with the child’s caregiver (mother in
98% of cases). Information on several putative early life risk factors for the development of
overweight were obtained, including factors related to the child’s perinatal, early behavioral
family and social environment. Group-based trajectories of the probability of overweight (6-
12 years) were identified with a semiparametric method (n=1678). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify early risk factors (5 months- 5 years) associated with each
trajectory.
Results
Three trajectories of overweight were identified: “early-onset overweight” (11.0 %), “lateonset
overweight” (16.6%) and “never overweight” (72.5%). Multinomial analyses indicated
that children in the early and late-onset group, compared to the never overweight group,
had 3 common types of risk factors: parental overweight, preschool overweight history, and
large size for gestational age. Maternal overprotection (OR= 1.12, CI: 1.01-1.25), short
nighttime sleep duration (OR=1.66, CI: 1.07-2.57), and immigrant status (OR=2.01, CI:
1.05-3.84) were factors specific to the early-onset group. Finally, family food insufficiency
(OR=1.81, CI: 1.00-3.28) was weakly associated with membership in the late-onset trajectory
group.
Conclusions
The development of overweight in childhood follows two different trajectories, which have
common and distinct risk factors that could be the target of early preventive interventions
Child Dev
We investigated whether child temperament (negative emotionality, 5 months) moderated the association between maternal stimulation (5 months-2½ years) and academic readiness and achievement (vocabulary, mathematics, and reading). We applied structural equation modeling to the data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (N = 1121-1448; mostly Whites; 47% girls). Compared to children with low negative emotionality, those with high negative emotionality had higher levels of academic readiness (6 years) and mathematics achievement (7 years) when exposed to high levels of maternal stimulation (β = 3.17, p < .01 and β = 2.91, p < .01, respectively). The results support the differential susceptibility model whereby highly emotionally negative children were more susceptible to the influences of low and high levels of maternal stimulation in academic readiness and mathematics achievement's developments
Antioxidant Properties of Aminoethylcysteine Ketimine Decarboxylated Dimer: A Review
Aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer is a natural sulfur-containing compound detected in human plasma and urine, in mammalian brain and in many common edible vegetables. Over the past decade many studies have been undertaken to identify its metabolic role. Attention has been focused on its antioxidant properties and on its reactivity against oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. These properties have been studied in different model systems starting from plasma lipoproteins to specific cellular lines. All these studies report that aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer is able to interact both with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite and its derivatives). Its antioxidant activity is similar to that of Vitamin E while higher than other hydrophilic antioxidants, such as trolox and N-acetylcysteine
Commonalities and specificities between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism-spectrum disorders: can epidemiology contribute?
The Role of Schools in Early Adolescents’ Mental Health: Findings from the MYRIAD Study
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData Sharing:
The corresponding study protocol can be found at
https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-017-1917-4.
R code is available from the Open Science Framework
(https://osf.io/s63fm/?view_only=5ae58f6c053c4a16b5ddfccd0e6e1ece).
The baseline data and codebook from the MYRIAD trial is available from Prof. Kuyken
([email protected]) upon request (release of data is subject to an approved
proposal and a signed data access agreement).Objective: Recent studies suggest deteriorating youth mental health. The current UK policy
emphasises the role of schools for mental health promotion and prevention, but little data
exist on what aspects of schools explain pupils’ mental health. We explored school-level
influences on the mental health of young people in a large school-based sample from the UK.
Methods: We analysed baseline data from a large cluster randomized controlled trial
(ISRCTN 86619085) collected between 2016‒2018 from mainstream UK secondary schools
selected to be representative in relation to their quality rating, size, deprivation, mixed or
single-sex pupil population and country. Participants were pupils in their first or second year
of secondary school. We assessed whether school-level factors were associated with pupil
mental health.
Results: 26,885 pupils (response rate=90%), aged 11‒14 years, 55% female, attending 85 UK
schools, were included. Schools accounted for 2.4% (95% CI=2.0‒2.8; p<0.0001) of the
variation in psychopathology, 1.6% (95% CI=1.2‒2.1; p<0.0001) of depression and 1.4%
(95% CI=1.0‒1.7; p<0.0001) of well-being. Schools in urban locations, with a higher
percentage of free school meals and of White British, were associated with poorer pupil
mental health. A more positive school climate was associated with better mental health.
Conclusion: School-level variables, primarily related to contextual factors, characteristics of
their pupil population, and school climate explain a small but significant amount of variability
in young people’s mental health. This might be used to identify schools that are in need of
more resources to support young people’s mental health.Wellcome TrustNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Medical Research Council (MRC
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Update to the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training programme in schools compared with normal school provision (MYRIAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Abstract: Background: MYRIAD (My Resilience in Adolescence) is a superiority, parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial designed to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training (MT) programme, compared with normal social and emotional learning (SEL) school provision to enhance mental health, social-emotional-behavioural functioning and well-being in adolescence. The original trial protocol was published in Trials (accessible at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1917-4). This included recruitment in two cohorts, enabling the learning from the smaller first cohort to be incorporated in the second cohort. Here we describe final amendments to the study protocol and discuss their underlying rationale. Methods: Four major changes were introduced into the study protocol: (1) there were changes in eligibility criteria, including a clearer operational definition to assess the degree of SEL implementation in schools, and also new criteria to avoid experimental contamination; (2) the number of schools and pupils that had to be recruited was increased based on what we learned in the first cohort; (3) some changes were made to the secondary outcome measures to improve their validity and ability to measure constructs of interest and to reduce the burden on school staff; and (4) the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic both influences and makes it difficult to interpret the 2-year follow-up primary endpoint results, so we changed our primary endpoint to 1-year follow-up. Discussion: These changes to the study protocol were approved by the Trial Management Group, Trial Steering Committee and Data and Ethics Monitoring Committees and improved the enrolment of participants and quality of measures. Furthermore, the change in the primary endpoint will give a more reliable answer to our primary question because it was collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in both cohort 1 and cohort 2. Nevertheless, the longer 2-year follow-up data will still be acquired, although this time-point will be now framed as a second major investigation to answer some new important questions presented by the combination of the pandemic and our study design. Trial registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials ISRCTN86619085. Registered on 3 June 2016
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