BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73945/1/j.1749-6632.1970.tb56440.x.pd

DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF CDP-DIGLYCERIDE:INOSITOL TRANSFERASE FROM BRAIN 1

CDP-diglyceride is converted to phosphatidyl inositol by several particulate subcellular fractions of guinea pig brain, with highest specific activity in the microsomal fraction. Optimal conditions with respect to pH, metal ion concentration, and substrate concentrations have been determined. The reaction was stimulated by the addition of bovine serum albumin and by Tween 80. Of several dl-CDP-diglycerides synthesized and used as substrates in a spectrophoto-metric assay for the enzyme, dl-CDP-didecanoin was the most active. The enzyme showed a high selectivity for myo-inositol. Of a number of compounds tested, only scyllo -inosose and epi -inosose served as substrates. Three inositol isomers and three myo -inositol monophosphates inhibited the reaction slightly. The most potent inhibitor found was galactinol, a myo -inositol galactoside.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66197/1/j.1471-4159.1969.tb06850.x.pd

Potential of essential fatty acid deficiency with extremely low fat diet in lipoprotein lipase deficiency during pregnancy: A case report

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency is associated with high risk of maternal pancreatitis and fetal death. A very low fat diet (< 10% of calories) is the primary treatment modality for the prevention of acute pancreatitis, a rare but potentially serious complication of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Since pregnancy can exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia in the genetic absence of lipoprotein lipase, a further reduction of dietary fat intake to < 1–2% of total caloric intake may be required during the pregnancy, along with the administration of a fibrate. It is uncertain if essential fatty acid deficiency will develop in the mother and fetus with this extremely low fat diet, or whether fibrates will cross the placenta and concentrate in the fetus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23 year-old gravida 1 woman with primary lipoprotein lipase deficiency was seen at 7 weeks of gestation in the Lipid Clinic for management of severe hypertriglyceridemia that had worsened with pregnancy. While on her habitual fat intake of 10% of total calories, her pregnancy resulted in an exacerbation of the hypertriglyceridemia, which prompted further restriction of fat intake to < 2% of total calories, as well as administration of gemfibrozil at a lower than average dose. The level of gemfibrozil, as the active metabolite, in the venous and arterial fetal cord blood was within the expected therapeutic range for adults. The clinical signs and a biomarker of essential fatty acid deficiency, namely the ratio of 20:3 [n-9] to 20:4 [n-6] fatty acids, were closely monitored throughout her pregnancy. Despite her extremely low fat diet, the levels of essential fatty acids measured in the mother and in the fetal blood immediately postpartum were normal. Normal essential fatty acid levels may have been achieved by the topical application of sunflower oil. CONCLUSIONS: An extremely low fat diet in combination with topical sunflower oil and gemfibrozil administration was safely implemented in pregnancy associated with the severe hypertriglyceridemia of lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Natural Products from the Lithistida: A Review of the Literature since 2000

Lithistid sponges are known to produce a diverse array of compounds ranging from polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols. A majority of these structurally complex compounds have very potent and interesting biological activities. It has been a decade since a thorough review has been published that summarizes the literature on the natural products reported from this amazing sponge order. This review provides an update on the current taxonomic classification of the Lithistida, describes structures and biological activities of 131 new natural products, and discusses highlights from the total syntheses of 16 compounds from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida providing a compilation of the literature since the last review published in 2002

J-integral and local damage fracture analyses for a pump casing containing large weld repairs

Three-dimensional J-integral and two-dimensional Local Approach finite element studies are described for postulated crack-like defects in a large repair weld to the casing of a light water reactor circulation pump. The repair weld residual stress field is simulated and plant operating pressure and thermal transient loads are applied. Crack tip constraint effects are quantified through detailed analysis of the cracked structure and compact tension fracture toughness specimens. Fracture initiation crack sizes are shown to be larger than conceivable fabrication defects that are detectable using modern ultrasonic inspection techniques. The Local Approach study demonstrates the benefits of quantifying crack tip constraint conditions, compared with conventional J-estimation schemes and cracked body J-integral analysis. The method of introducing the crack into the finite element model is shown to have a large effect on calculated crack tip fracture parameters; a slowly developing crack in the residual stress field being more benign