Application of corrective formula for intraocular pressure changes in patients that underwent LASIK

OBJETIVO: Comparar a pressão intraocular (PIO) pré e pós-LASIK, correlacionando-as com as mudanças da espessura corneana central (ECC) e ceratometria simulada média (K), assim como verificar o resultado de fórmula corretiva proposta anteriormente. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, realizado em pacientes submetidos a LASIK. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico completo, no pré operatório e após 2 meses da cirurgia. A pressão intraocular foi avaliada com tonômetro de aplanação de Goldmann entre 9 h e 11 h da manhã, a ceratometria simulada média foi avaliada por meio de topografia corneana e a espessura corneana central foi aferida por paquímetro ultrassônico, sendo considerada a média de três aferições. Foram excluídos dois pacientes com cirurgias ou doenças oculares prévias, e uso prévio de corticosteróide tópico nos últimos três meses. As cirurgias foram realizadas de acordo com os procedimentos-padrão. Foi utilizada a fórmula [PIO real = PIO aferida + (540 - ECC)/71 + (43 - K)/2,7 + 0,75 mmHg] proposta para correção da pressão intraocular pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: Quinze olhos de oito pacientes foram avaliados, a idade variou de 24 a 46 anos (média: 31,37 ± 7,27). Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as medidas da pressão intraocular, de ceratometria simulada média e da espessura corneana central pré e pós-LASIK. (p=0,0001). Foi observado que para cada 1D corrigida, há uma subestimação, em média, de 1,06 ± 0,59 mmHg (0,11 a 1,89 mmHg). A aplicação da fórmula corretiva levou a 80% dos olhos com a tonometria estimada entre ± 2,50 mmHg da pré-operatória, no entanto, quando comparada com a tonometria pré-operatória, estas são estatisticamente diferentes (p=0,0266). CONCLUSÕES: Os olhos submetidos a LASIK apresentaram PIO pós-operatória menor do que a pré-operatória. A pressão intraocular pôde ser moderadamente correlacionada com a espessura corneana central e fracamente com a ceratometria simulada média. Não houve correlação entre a profundidade de ablação e a variação da pressão intraocular, no pós-operatório. Usando a fórmula proposta, pudemos averiguar que 80% dos pacientes apresentaram pressão intraocular entre ± 2,50 mmHg da pré-operatória.PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) pre and post LASIK, correlating it to changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) and average simulated keratometry (K), as well as verifying the results of a corrective formula previously proposed. METHODS: Longitudinal prospective study conducted in outpatients that underwent to LASIK. Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, previously and 2 months after the surgery. Intraocular pressure was evaluated with Goldmann applanation tonometer between 9 am and 11 am, average simulated keratometry was evaluated using corneal topography and central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasound pachymetry, been considered the average of three measurements. Two patients were excluded due to surgery or eye disease, and previous use of topical steroids over the past three months. The surgeries were performed according to standard procedures. The formula [real IOP = IOP measured + (540 - ECC)/71 + (43 - K)/2.7 + 0.75 mmHg] proposed for correcting intraocular pressure was used. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of eight patients were evaluated, age ranged from 24 to 46 years (mean: 31.37 ± 7.27). There was a statistically significant difference between the measurements of intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and average simulated keratometry pre and post-LASIK. (p=0.0001). It was observed that each 1D corrected underestimated the IOP 1.06 ± 0.59 mmHg (0.11 a 1.89 mmHg). The use of the corrective formula lead to 80% of eyes within 2.50 mmHg of preoperative intraocular pressure. Although, the two sets of data are statistically different (p=0.0266). CONCLUSIONS: Post LASIK eyes presented lower intraocular pressure than preoperatively. Intraocular pressure was moderately correlated to central corneal thickness and weakly correlated to average simulated keratometry. With the use of the corrective formula, we were able to determine that 80% were within 2.50 mmHg of the preoperative intraocular pressure

Synthesis and Biological Aspects of Mycolic Acids: An Important Target Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycolic acids are an important class of compounds, basically found in the cell walls of a group of bacteria known as mycolata taxon, exemplified by the most famous bacteria of this group, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.), the agent responsible for the disease known as tuberculosis (TB). Mycolic acids are important for the survival of M. tb. For example, they are able to help fight against hydrophobic drugs and dehydration, and also allow this bacterium to be more effective in the host's immune system by growing inside macrophages. Due to the importance of the mycolic acids for maintenance of the integrity of the mycobacterial cell wall, these compounds become attractive cellular targets for the development of novel drugs against TB. In this context, the aim of this article is to highlight the importance of mycolic acids in drug discovery

O ensino de matemática no ensino fundamental anos finais sob a luz da BNCC: métodos e práticas pedagógicas / Teaching mathematics in the final years of elementary school in light of the BNCC: methods and pedagogical practices

O presente artigo foi organizado, a partir da análise da Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC, com a finalidade de fazer algumas reflexões sobre o ensino de Matemática nos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, ações pedagógicas a partir das competências e habilidades a serem desenvolvidas, baseadas nas diretrizes do letramento Matemático, do raciocínio lógico e desenvolvimento do senso crítico dos discentes para atuação transformadora de sua realidade. De acordo com o documento que define as aprendizagens essenciais a serem garantidas a todos os estudantes. Trata – se, portanto, de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza bibliográfica, cujo arcabouço de análise foi a BNCC. O texto conclui que, além da organização das habilidades por competências, o documento valoriza também os pressupostos pedagógicos de aprendizagem a partir da sistematização das unidades temáticas, objetos de conhecimento e estratégias de ensino articuladas com experiências vividas no convívio na sociedade. Garantindo níveis de aprendizagens seriadas ao desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades relativas aos seus processos de reflexão e abstração

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Repercussões do Sars-Cov-2 no âmbito da cirurgia geral e medicina de emergência: uma revisão

Na China, em dezembro de 2019, foram relatados os primeiros casos da patologia respiratória  COVID-19, doença causado pelo SARS-CoV-2, um RNA vírus. A propagação foi veloz e global, de maneira que a Organização Mundial de Saúde definiu como pandemia em março de 2020. A doença tem manifestação clínica variada, com enfermos assintomáticos ou manifestando quadro crítico, apresentando alta transmissibilidade e letalidade considerável. Simultaneamente, indivíduos com indicação cirúrgica, de origem traumática ou não, tiveram seus atendimentos eletivos paralisados e houve queda nos índices de intervenções de cunho emergencista, tanto devido o medo do indivíduo procurar um serviço de saúde e ser contaminado pelo coronavírus, quanto por outros fatores. Essa revisão teve como objetivo averiguar como a pandemia acometeu serviços de cirurgia geral de emergência, bem como elucidar os preditores e fatores que ocasionaram mudanças no manejo e intervenções cirúrgicas durante o surto de SARS-CoV-2

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others