Classifying radius fractures with X-ray and tomography imaging

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo avaliou a confiabilidade interobservador da radiografia simples versus tomografia computadorizada para as classificações Universal e AO em fraturas do rádio distal. PACIENTES e MÉTODOS: Cinco observadores classificaram 21 fraturas do rádio distal utilizando radiografias e tomografias independentemente. O índice Kappa foi utilizado para estabelecer o nível de concordância entre os observadores. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade interobservador da classificação Universal foi moderada e a confiabilidade interobservador da classificação AO foi baixa. Reduzindo a clas-sificação AO a nove categorias e às três categorias básicas houve melhora do nível de confiabilidade para "moderado". Não houve diferença entre a confiabilidade interobservador da classificação Universal baseada em imagens radiográficas em comparação com a classificação Universal baseada em imagens tomográficas. A confiabilidade interobservador da classificação AO baseada em radiografias simples foi significativamente maior que a confiabilidade interobservador da classificação AO baseada apenas em tomografias computadorizadas. CONCLUSÃO: A partir destes dados, concluímos que classificar fraturas do rádio distal utilizando tomografias computadorizadas sem o auxílio das radiografias simples não traz benefício.INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the interobserver reliability of plain radiograpy versus computed tomography (CT) for the Universal and AO classification systems for distal radius fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five observers classified 21 sets of distal radius fractures using plain radiographs and CT independently. Kappa statistics were used to establish a relative level of agreement between observers for both readings. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was rated as moderate for the Universal classification and poor for the AO classification. Reducing the AO system to 9 categories and to its three main types reliability was raised to a "moderate" level. No difference was found for interobserver reliability between the Universal classification using plain radiographs and the Universal classification using computed tomography. Interobserver reliability of the AO classification system using plain radiographs was significantly higher than the interobserver reliability of the AO classification system using only computed tomography. CONCLUSION: From these data, we conclude that classification of distal radius fractures using CT scanning without plain radiographs is not beneficial

Use of nanoencapsulated curcumin against vegetative cells and spores of Alicyclobacillus spp. in industrialized orange juice

Pathogenic and deteriorating bacteria are a great concern to food safety. In this sense, the present study evaluated the fight against microbial contamination through the use of nanoparticles containing curcumin, in addition to analyzing the physical properties of these nanoparticles. Efficient curcumin encapsulation was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectra evaluation and differential scanning calorimetry. Transmission electron microscopy images showed irregular shaped nanoparticles with broad size distribution (20–250 nm). The antibacterial activity was considered satisfactory, since curcumin in the form of nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial and antibacterial activity superior to curcumin in its free form, against both pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 125 μg/mL), and deteriorates, such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). Since curcumin nanoparticles may be consumed as a food additive, the bioactive properties of the nanoencapsulated curcumin were also evaluated in relation to antioxidant capacity (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative hemolysis inhibition assays) and cytotoxicity against four carcinoma cell lines, as well as two non-tumor cells. As a proof of concept, nanoparticles were incorporated in orange juice, with the juice maintaining satisfactory pH, °Brix, and color stability, during three days of storage (8 °C).This study was financed in part by the Coordenaç˜ao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. The authors thank the “Central Analítica Multiusu´ario da UTFPR Campo Mourão” (CAMulti-CM) for the analyses. Fernanda V. Leimann (process 039/2019) would like to thank Fundação Araucária (CP 15/2017- Programa de Bolsas de Produtividade em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico) and CNPq (process number 421541/2018-0, Chamada Universal MCTIC/CNPq n◦ 28/2018). The authors are also grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/ 2020); L. Barros and C. Pereira also thank FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Peroneal Tenodesis With the Use of Tendoscopy: Surgical Technique and Report of 1 Case

Peroneus brevis tendon injury is the most common lesion of the peroneal tendons. The initial treatment is conservative, and surgical treatment is indicated if conservative treatment fails. It is often necessary to open the entire upper and lower retinaculum to obtain adequate visualization of the structures. We present a case in which the peroneus brevis tenodesis was used with the aid of tendoscopy. This technique should be used for patients with lesions affecting more than 50% of the tendon diameter. We found that, by making small incisions, the patient recovered well, quickly, with resolution of pain