Análise estratigráfica do Paleozóico médio da sub-bacia do Alto Garças no sudoeste de Goiás: bacia do Paraná. Brasil

Resum

O regime militar, os direitos humanos e a Igreja (1972-1986) * The military regime, human rights and the Church (1972-1986)

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como finalidade abordar a postura da Igreja Católica, diante do regime militar e dos direitos humanos. A nossa pesquisa tem como fonte principal a Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira (REB) no período entre 1972 a 1986. Inicialmente a Igreja apoia o golpe cívico/militar e depois parte dela denuncia as violações de direitos humanos por parte do regime. Assim, identificamos tendências conservadoras e progressistas na instituição eclesial, travando guerras de posição segundo a concepção de Gramsci.

Resultados preliminares da reorganização da Coleção de Paleontologia da Faculdade de Geologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstrac

Ocorrência de Psilophytales na formação furnas, borda leste da Bacia do Parana

In the course of a paleontologic-sedimentologic survey of the Furnas Formation the authors had opportunity to record the occurrence of Psilophytales in this unit. The plants are quite well preserved in the form of light brown colored impressions in a micaceous, light gray, laminated and barely ondulated siltstones. The fossiliferous interval is within the uppermost section of the Furnas, near its upper contact with the Ponta Grossa Formation. The fossiliferous site is on the road to Represa dos Alagados, 200m to the east of the bridge over the Verde River in the vicinity of the city of Ponta Grossa. Plant remains of this group are known elsewhere from tne Latest Silurian through the Middle Devonian. However, the generic classification of the Brazilian material will probably provide the bases for a more precise biostratigraphic datation of the upper Furnas Formation. The Psilophytales are regarded as a plant group restricted to continental environments. This is in accordance with the lithologic characteristics of the sequence where they were found. A detailed stratigraphic profile of the section reveals a moderate to low energy fluvial sequence

Extreme Learning Machine combined with a Differential Evolution algorithm for lithology identification

Lithology identification, obtained through the analysis of several geophysical properties, has an important role in the process of characterization of oil reservoirs. The identification can be accomplished by direct and indirect methods, but these methods are not always feasible because of the cost or imprecision of the results generated. Consequently, there is a need to automate the procedure of reservoir characterization and, in this context, computational intelligence techniques appear as an alternative to lithology identification. However, to acquire proper performance, usually some parameters should be adjusted and this can become a hard task depending on the complexity of the underlying problem. This paper aims to apply an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) adjusted with a Differential Evolution (DE) to classify data from the South Provence Basin, using a previously published paper as a baseline reference. The paper contributions include the use of an evolutionary algorithm as a tool for search on the hyperparameters of the ELM. In addition, an  activation function recently proposed in the literature is implemented and tested. The  computational approach developed here has the potential to assist in petrographic data classification and helps to improve the process of reservoir characterization and the production development planning

Geochemical and isotopic characterization of oils from Brazilian basins

In organic geochemistry, the determination of the origin of oil can often be accessed by studying its fossil organic molecules. These molecules, the biomarkers, allow us to infer environmental conditions of the source rock, providing the correlation between generated oil and its rock. Despite the wide applicability of biomarkers, molecular geochemical methods do not always allow to effectively differentiate oils generated from source rocks deposited under similar conditions. However, isotopic analysis of individual compounds in oils can help to differentiate sources by establishing more exact fingerprints of the oils. To test the δ13C proxy on individual compounds in biogeochemical analysis, this study presents an integrated assessment of biomarkers, total oil isotopic analysis and individual compounds in oils from five Brazilian basins: Recôncavo Basin, Paraná Basin, Santos Basin, Solimões Basin, and Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The isotopic and geochemical data reported here reinforces the actual interpretation proposed for the paleoenvironments associated with the source rocks and correlated oils. Analyses of the individual compounds pristane and phytane, compounds that are commonly used as a paleoredox tool, revealed that these individual compounds differ in isotopic values. This result demonstrates that, in most cases, these components have different sources that make difficult the single application of the P/F ratio as a paleoredox tool. Additionally, oils associated with source rocks deposited under similar condition have distinct isotopic values for both whole oil composition and individual compounds. This result highlights that the technique is promising for providing oil fingerprints that can be further useful for the identification of the origin of oil, provided these are pollutants in environmental disasters.Na geoquímica orgânica, a definição da origem do petróleo muitas vezes pode ser acessada por meio do estudo de suas moléculas orgânicas fósseis. Tais moléculas, os biomarcadores, permitem inferir condições ambientais da rocha geradora, possibilitando a correlação entre óleo gerado e sua rocha. Apesar da ampla aplicabilidade dos biomarcadores, métodos geoquímicos moleculares nem sempre permitem diferenciar com efetividade óleos gerados em condições paleoambientais similares. Contudo, a análise isotópica de compostos individuais em óleos pode auxiliar na diferenciação de fontes estabelecendo identidades mais exatas dos óleos. Com o objetivo de testar a ferramenta δ13C em compostos individuais na análise biogeoquímica, o presente estudo apresenta a avaliação integrada de biomarcadores, análise isotópica de óleo total e de compostos individuais em óleos oriundos de cinco bacias brasileiras: Bacia do Recôncavo, Bacia do Paraná, Bacia de Santos, Bacia do Solimões e Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. Os dados isotópicos e geoquímicos obtidos corroboram a interpretação atual proposta para seus ambientes geradores. As análises dos compostos individuais pristano e fitano, cuja razão é amplamente utilizada como uma ferramenta de paleoredox, mostrou que esses compostos apresentaram valores isotópicos diferenciados. Tal resultado demonstra que, na maioria dos casos, esses compostos tiveram fontes distintas, o que impõe certa cautela na aplicabilidade da razão P/F como uma ferramenta paleoredox. Adicionalmente, óleos associados a rochas geradoras com ambientes deposicionais semelhantes apresentaram valores isotópicos distintos tanto para composição total quanto para compostos individuais. Tal resultado sugere que a técnica é promissora na definição de identidades de óleos que podem ser utilizadas em estudos de correlação e identificação da origem de petróleo, quando esses são poluentes em desastres ambientais

The paleoenvironmental and thermal histories of the Permian Irati formation shale in the paraná basin, Brazil: An integrated approach based on mineralogical and organic imprints

ABSTRACT: Mineralogical assemblages and organofacies are important sources of information to recover the paleoenvironmental and thermal histories of shale deposits. In this study, a detailed qualitative and quantitative characterization of the Permian Irati Formation (Assistência Member) shale is based on mineralogical (XRD and SEM-EDS) and organic components (TOC, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organofacies, TAI, fluorescence and vitrinite reflectance measurements) and provides integrated data about sediment provenance, depositional environment, diagenesis, and thermal history, while supporting interpretations on the Paraná Basin (PB), Brazil, paleogeography and its correlation to the southwest Gondwana. The results revealed a prevailing type I/II kerogen, with type III kerogen being also present but mainly confined along the paleoshoreline of the PB. The dominance of fluorescent amorphous organic matter (AOM) combined with framboidal pyrite suggests microbial activity in an anoxic-dysoxic neritic-marine paleoenvironment. Additionally, common to abundant well-preserved phytoclasts, as well as the occurrence of Botryococcus braunii, indicates freshwater influx in a brackish marine depositional setting. Immature to early-oil window thermal maturities prevail across the PB, according to the organic maturation indicators. The combined analysis between the organic matter evolution with clay mineralogy, such as the occurrence of interstratified clays (e.g., I/S) and its positive correlation with depth suggest that burial diagenesis reached the transition to early catagenesis on the north, southeast, and south of the basin, attributing a shale oil potential for the Irati Formation on a regional scale. Local scale imprints of the Early Cretaceous Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province (LIP), and its thermal effect in the Irati Formation shale components, are recorded as clay authigenesis (e.g., smectite webby texture and clay coating development), crystallization of minerals by low to high-grade of thermal alteration (e.g., corrensite, talc, lizardite and diopside), and by local scale gas-window maturities. Such thermal alteration, identified in the proximity to intruded sills and dykes, led to a heterogeneous organic maturation pattern with implications on shale gas and shale oil potential of the Irati Formation shale, demonstrating that these subjects in the Paraná Basin should be assessed locally.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

OS INTELECTUAIS E POVO: UMA PROPOSTA EDUCATIVA INTERCAMBIÁVEL

This article aims to search the Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira – REB, in 1980 cut to 1986, the performance of a group of intellectuals and how they are organized based on an ideology liberating and as establish an educational proposal from the Basic Ecclesial Communities (CEB). The hypothesis stood up that the journal can be a source of understanding and a half diffuser intellectual and moral reform and also search tool for hegemony. Thus, it was found that in the paper emerges from the so-called educational principle of Gramsci, that this work visualize how the educational exchanges between people and organic intellectuals.O presente artigo tem como objetivo pesquisar na Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira REB, num recorte de 1980 a 1986, a atuação de um grupo de intelectuais e como estes se articulam fundamentados em um ideário libertador e como estabelecem uma proposta educativa junto às Comunidades Eclesiais de Base (CEBs). Levantou-se a hipótese de que o periódico pode ser uma fonte de compreensão e meio difusor da reforma intelectual e moral e também instrumento de busca pela hegemonia. Desta forma, constatou-se que no periódico emerge o chamado princípio educativo de Gramsci, que neste trabalho o visualizamos como intercâmbio educativo entre povo e intelectuais orgânicos

Caracterização Geoquímica e Bioestratigráfica das Superfícies de Inundação Marinha da Seção Meso-Neodevoniana, na Região de Dom Aquino (MT), Noroeste da Bacia do Paraná, Brasil

The global anoxic event in the Frasnian is well characterized in the Paraná Basin, in the upper portion of the Ponta Grossa Formation, by dark carbonaceous shales rich in organic matter. These shales are found in a section of the Ponta Grossa Formation of Meso and Neo-Devonian age, where the shales correspond to the signature of the Givetian-Frasnian transition- and, also, to the progressive drowning of the Devonian sequence in the basin. Through geochemical and biostratigraphic data obtained from the section mentioned above, it was possible to recognize flood surfaces and the maximum flooding surface in the section and, also, the progressive drowning of the Devonian sequence in the basin that reached its maximum in the Frasnian. These shales, which represent the signature of the Givetian-Frasnian transition and the maximum flooding surface, occurred in Frasnian, can be used as a chronostratigraphic marker and are also the object of interest for hydrocarbon exploration. Two miospore assemblages related to the Givetian and Frasnian and some algae of the genus Maranhites were recognized as well as acritarchs