In vivo biometric evaluation of Schlemm's canal with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in pseuduexfoliation glaucoma

Purpose: To perform in vivo imaging of the Schlemm's canal (SC) with anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [AS-spectral-domain (SD)-OCT] and also to measure its biometric parameters including the SC length and SC area in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma. Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients with PEX glaucoma and 41 age- and sex-matched normal subjects were enrolled. All subjects underwent imaging with SD-OCT. The SC length and SC area were examined in the temporal sections and measured with customized software. Results: The percentages of the temporal sections in which SC was observable were similar between the two groups. Mean SC length was found significantly shorter, and mean SC area was found significantly smaller in patients with PEX glaucoma than in controls (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively). Mean intra-ocular pressure (IOP) values were also similar between two groups. No significant correlations were found between SC measurements and IOP. Conclusions: Anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography offers non-invasive, in vivo measurement of the SC, and it could be used for investigating the SC changes in patients with PEX glaucoma. © 2016 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

A Land Cover Map of Africa. Carte de l'Occupation du Sol de l'Afrique.

Abstract not availableJRC.H-Institute for environment and sustainability (Ispra

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Background/aim: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. There is growing evidence of the need for community-based programs on smoking cessation. The main purpose of this study is to establish the rate of smoking cessation and restarting in 1 year at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study with a study group of 359 individuals who quit smoking at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center for at least 4 weeks between October 2009 and April 2010. The outcomes of the study were 1-year cessation rate and relapse rate. Individuals who reported restarting and/or had CO measurements above 6 ppm were accepted as quitters who had relapsed. Results: The 1-year rate of smoking cessation was 30.1% for the study group. Of the subjects who quit smoking, 50.1% started smoking again during the 1-year follow-up. Relapse rate was also higher in nicotine addicts. Pharmacological treatment was associated with increased success rates in smoking cessation. Conclusion: Nicotine dependency was shown to be associated with lower rates of smoking cessation and higher rates of relapse. Therefore, it is important to begin smoking cessation attempts before individuals become serious addicts

Effects of docking on growth performance and carcass characteristics of fat-tailed Awassi ram lambs

Fifteen Awassi ram lambs were docked at 1 day of age by the elastrator method and 13 intact lambs were kept as controls. They were kept separately in two pens and fed a concentrate diet ad-libitum from weaning at 8 weeks of age until about 40 kg liveweight. Daily liveweight gain, group feed efficiency and the duration of fattening period for docked lambs were 266 g, 3.8 and 84 days vs. 230 g, 4.3 and 98 days for controls, respectively. None of the differences was significant (P > 0.05). Carcass measurements taken on four docked and four intact lambs indicated that dressing percentage was similar (48.6 and 48.7%) for both groups. Compared to intact lambs, those docked had significantly (P < 0.05) less lean (47.4 vs. 52.8%) and higher intermuscular fat (IMF) content (9.7 vs. 7.7%). It is suggested that by leaving fat-tail lambs intact, fat deposition in the carcass can be better controlled enabling excess fat to be trimmed as one easily removable depot in the tail. © 1992

Effect of slaughter weight on carcass characteristics of awassi male lambs

Sixteen Awassi ram lambs were slaughtered at 40, 50, 55, 60 and 65 kg liveweight to determine their carcass composition and characteristics. The carcasses were jointed into neck, forelegs, thorax, loin, pelvis and hindlegs. Each joint was dissected into bone, lean, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. Most of the carcass characteristics increased when lambs were slaughtered at 50 kg liveweight. Carcass length, skin weight and most of the fat estimating parameters continued to increase with increase in slaughter weight. The mean carcass bone and lean content values as a percentage of carcass weight decreased from 19.6 and 53.7% at 40 kg slaughter group to 14.4 and 45.5% at 65 kg slaughter group. The subcutaneous fat (SCF) increased from 40 to 65 kg slaughter group (16.4 to 26.0%). It can be said that the optimum carcass with an acceptable composition from Awassi male lambs can be produced at 40 kg slaughter weight. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Misconceptions and alternative concepts in biology textbooks: Photosynthesis and respiration [Ideas falsas y conceptos alternativos en libros de texto de biología: Fotosíntesis y respiración]

Textbooks have a specific importance since they are used as the main instruction material. It is important to know that whether commonly used textbooks are adequate in terms of content and presentation. This study was performed to examine whether chapters on "photosynthesis" and "respiration" in the Biology-3 textbooks, that are used in secondary schools in Turkey are sufficient in terms of scientific content or not. We provide examples of the identified misconceptions along with their more acceptable alternatives. As a result, it was determined that biology-3 textbooks are insufficient in respect of scientific content. We recommend that biology-3 textbooks must be improved by correcting the scientific content