Maus tratos aos animais e o direito penal : implicações para doutrina do bem jurídico

presente pesquisa se ocupa das implicações geradas pelo crime de maus tratos aos animais ao sensível tema das proibições penais legítimas ou ilegítimas. Os maus tratos aos animais como conduta criminalizada permite a abertura de questões do tipo: Há dignidade penal constitucional nesses tipos penais? O crime de maus tratos aos animais protege realmente algum bem jurídico? Os animais merecem proteção do Estado? Buscando tocar em todos esses questionamentos, a pesquisa iniciou o caminho pela apresentação das reflexões filosóficas sobre a relação do homem com os animais não-humanos, algo que deu base suficiente para entender as recentes legislações da União Europeia e dos principais ordenamentos do ocidente. Posteriormente, foram apresentados alguns complicadores que essa relação possui no direito positivado, os conflitos de interesses dos humanos versus dos não-humanos. Numa segunda parte, adentrou-se efetivamente no problema dos maus tratos como crime e suas implicações para a teoria do bem jurídico, algo que ensejou análise do delito no ordenamento jurídico português, onde se verificou que a subsidiariedade do Direito penal não deve ser esquecida.The research entails the consequences of animal cruelty in the scope of legitimate and illegitimate criminal prohibitions. Animal cruelty as a felony has opened the door for discussions as: Is there constitutional criminal dignity in these statutory crimes? The crime of animal cruelty results ipso facto in the protection of any right? Do animals deserve protection from the State? Seeking for the answer to all of these questionings, the research started from the display of philosophical thoughts about the relationship between the non-human animals and men; this approach brought enough grounds for understanding recent legislation passed by the European Union and some of the main bodies of law of the western world. Moreover, some issues related to the statutes related to the subject were presented, the conflict of interests between humans and non-humans. In a second moment, the research focused effectively on the problem of animal cruelty as a felony and its implications for the theory of common rights, an issue that triggered an analysis of the crime under Portuguese law, in which was verified that the subsidiarity of Criminal Law should not be forgotten

Efeitos histológicos e bioquímicos séricos do alfa-tocoferol na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em membro pélvico de ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the protective action of alpha-tocopherol in ischemia/reperfusion injuries of pelvic member of rats. METHODS: Thirty adult male rats of the Wistar strain were randomized into three experimental groups of 10: Group I - control group with no ischemia or reperfusion. Groups II and III - four hours of ischemia and of hours of reperfusion by means of clamping of the infrarenal aorta. The animals of Group II were treated with saline and those of Group III were treated with i.v. alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/kg). Parameters studied were biopsies of the soleus muscle, dosing of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, calcium and arterial blood gasometry. RESULTS: The results of biopsies of the soleus muscles studied by optical microscopy, were not significant in terms of presence of edema among the three groups studied. Variables inflammation and necrosis were not observed, therefore cannot be statistically analyzed. As to dosing of calcium and lactate dehydrogenase, the pH, pO2 and pCO2 values were not significant for all groups studied. We observed that the levels of potassium (Group II > Group I, Fcalculated = 5.84; Fcritical = 3.33), creatine phosphokinase (Group II > Groups I and III, Hcalculated = 13.92; Hcritical = 5.99) and bicarbonate (Groups I and III > Group II, Hcalculated = 11.98; Hcritical = 5.99) presented significant results among groups. CONCLUSION: From the serum biochemical perspective, the treatment with alpha-tocopherol has attenuated the metabolic injuries in the ischemia/reperfusion syndrome in this experimental model.OBJETIVO: Avaliar ação protetora do alfa-tocoferol na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em membro pélvico de ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos machos adultos da linhagem wistar foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, em três grupos experimentais, com 10 animais cada: Grupo I - Grupo controle sem isquemia ou reperfusão. Grupos II e III - quatro horas de isquemia e duas horas de reperfusão através clampeamento da aorta infra-renal. Os animais do grupo II foram tratados com solução salina e aqueles do grupo III, tratados com alfa-tocoferol 50 mg/kg por via endovenosa. Parâmetros estudados: Biópsias do músculo solear, dosagens da creatina fosfoquinase, da desidrogenasse láctica, do potássio, do cálcio e da hemogasometria arterial. RESULTADOS: Os resultados das biópsias dos músculos soleares estudados através da microscopia óptica, não foram significantes quanto a presença de edema entre os três grupos estudados. As variáveis inflamação e necrose não foram observadas e, portanto não analisáveis estatisticamente. Em relação às dosagens de cálcio e desidrogenase lática, pH, pO2, pCO2, não foram significantes em todos os grupos estudados. Observamos que os níveis de potássio (Grupo II > grupo I, F calculado = 5,84; F crítico = 3,33), creatina fosfoquinase (Grupo II > Grupo I e III, H calculado =13,92; Hcritico 5,99) , e bicarbonato (grupo I e III > grupo II, H calculado = 11,98; h critico 5.99 ) apresentaram resultados significantes entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Tratamento com alfa-tocoferol do ponto de vista bioquímico sérico atenuou as lesões metabólicas na síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão neste modelo experimental.UNIFESP-EPMFaculty of Technology and ScienceUniversity of Sciences of AlagoasFederal University of BahiaOswaldo Cruz Foundation Histopathology UnitBahiana School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Experimental Surgery and Operative TechniqueUNIFESP-EPM Department of SurgeryGovernor Lamenha Filho University Foundation for Science and Health of Alagoas Department of SurgeryHeliopolis Hospital Vascular Surgery ServiceUNIFESP-EPM Department of Preventive MedicineUNIFESP, EPM, Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM Department of Preventive MedicineSciEL

Análise da Judicialização do Direito à Saúde, Subfinanciamento do setor e Políticas Públicas: Estudo de Caso no Estado de Alagoas

The judicial demands related to the requirement of the compliance of the Universal Right to Health in accordance with the Federal Constitution of 1988 have increased in recent years. It also accounts that the public financing for the sector is insufficient to cover the scope of the Constitution due to the budget limits for the implementation of health policies. This article aims to analyze the process of judicialization of health, noting the implications and impacts on public administration, and specifically for the management of public policy. Therefore, a qualitative research was organized through case study, analyzing the data regarding to the judicialization and the expenses of the Health Department in the State of Alagoas (SESAU). An evolution of judicial requests has mainly been related to the access to medications through actions from the Public Defender´s Office and the Public Prosecutor's Office with expenditures exceeding $ 100 million between 2009 and 2014. Thus, despite attempts to minimize the impact generated with the creation of an interinstitutional core aiming to mitigate the effects of judicialization, it is necessary to implement health public policy for the community and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of existing ones. However, the underfunding and ineffective management of the Unified Health System (SUS) are highlighted as main causes that block the implementation of alternative solutions.As demandas judiciais referentes à exigência do cumprimento do Direito Universal à Saúde, conforme prevê a Constituição Federal de 1988, aumentaram nos últimos anos. Também se registra que o financiamento público do setor é insuficiente para abarcar a abrangência do texto constitucional, decorrente de limites orçamentários para a implementação das políticas de saúde. Este artigo objetivou analisar o processo de judicialização da saúde, observando as implicações e impactos para a Administração Pública e, especificamente, para a gestão de políticas públicas. Para tanto, organizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, analisando os dados referentes à judicialização e aos gastos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Alagoas (SESAU). Contatou-se uma evolução das solicitações judiciais, principalmente buscando acesso a medicamentos, mediante ações da Defensoria Pública e Ministério Público, e que os gastos ultrapassaram 100 milhões de reais, entre 2009 e 2014. Desta forma, apesar das tentativas de minimização do impacto gerado, com a criação de um Núcleo Interinstitucional objetivando mitigar os efeitos da judicialização, é necessário implementar políticas públicas de saúde para a coletividade e avaliar a eficiência e efetividade das existentes. Contudo, ilustrou-se o subfinanciamento e a gestão ineficaz do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dificultando a operacionalização das alternativas de soluções

PROPOSTA E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE SOFTWARE PARA FILMAGEM E REGISTRO DO ATENDIMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO

Neste artigo é apresentado um sistema de software de gestão de clínica odontológica que além de cumprir com todos os requisitos quanto aos critérios de segurança, funcionalidade e interface, utiliza o recurso da filmagem como parte integrante do prontuário odontológico. Todas as documentações relacionadas ao paciente, os atendimentos e procedimentos realizados, devem ser guardadas por tempo indeterminado, para proteger o CirurgiãoDentista e paciente, evitando embate judicial. Diante deste fato, a filmagem constitui documento legal para preencher possíveis lacunas de informação na documentação odontológica convencional. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema de software, inicialmente foram levantados e modelados os requisitos do sistema e após este processo foi desenvolvido a primeira versão contendo os módulos de Gerenciamento de Pacientes, Funcionários/Usuários, Agenda, Plano de Tratamento, Odontograma e Registro de Filmagem da Consulta. O sistema de software produzido atendeu aos requisitos de gestão de uma clínica odontológica, cumpriu os requisitos de funcionalidade, segurança e interface, e apresentou melhorias em relação aos demais sistemas de software existentes no mercado, além de integrar a filmagem legal ao prontuário odontológico

Envelhecimento do fermentado alcoólico da manga (Mangifera indica L.) variedade “Carlota” / Aging of mango alcoholic fermented (Mangifera indica L.) “Carlota” variety

A produção de fermentado alcoólico é uma alternativa biotecnológica para aproveitamento dos frutos da manga variedade “Carlota”. Durante o armazenamento, a bebida é submetida a mudanças contínuas, influenciadas por diferentes fatores que alteram sua composição físico-química e sensorial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o envelhecimento do fermentado alcoólico da manga (Mangifera indica L.) variedade “Carlota”. Após a elaboração, o fermentado foi armazenado a temperatura ambiente (27 ± 3°C), e para o estudo da estabilidade que durou 150 dias, foram retiradas mensalmente três garrafas para a realização das análises de: pH, acidez total titulável e volátil, grau alcoólico, açúcares totais, extrato seco reduzido, fenólicos totais e cor (L*, a*, b*, C e ângulo Hue). O envelhecimento do fermentado resultou em alterações físico-químicas, sendo as variáveis cor e fenólicos totais as mais influenciadas pelo tempo de armazenamento. A maioria dos parâmetros analisados está em conformidade com os padrões de identidade e qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação

Observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair at the LHC with the ATLAS detector

The observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair ( tt¯H ), based on the analysis of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, is presented. Using data corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 79.8 fb −1 , and considering Higgs boson decays into bb¯ , WW⁎ , τ+τ− , γγ , and ZZ⁎ , the observed significance is 5.8 standard deviations, compared to an expectation of 4.9 standard deviations. Combined with the tt¯H searches using a dataset corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb −1 at 7 TeV and 20.3 fb −1 at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 6.3 (5.1) standard deviations. Assuming Standard Model branching fractions, the total tt¯H production cross section at 13 TeV is measured to be 670 ± 90 (stat.) −100+110 (syst.) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of photon–jet transverse momentum correlations in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb and pppp collisions with ATLAS

Jets created in association with a photon can be used as a calibrated probe to study energy loss in the medium created in nuclear collisions. Measurements of the transverse momentum balance between isolated photons and inclusive jets are presented using integrated luminosities of 0.49 nb$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV and 25 pb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Photons with transverse momentum $63.1 31.6$ GeV and pseudorapidity $\left|\eta^\mathrm{jet}\right| 7\pi/8$. Distributions of the per-photon jet yield as a function of $x_\mathrm{J\gamma}$, $(1/N_\gamma)(\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}x_\mathrm{J\gamma})$, are corrected for detector effects via a two-dimensional unfolding procedure and reported at the particle level. In $pp$ collisions, the distributions are well described by Monte Carlo event generators. In Pb+Pb collisions, the $x_\mathrm{J\gamma}$ distribution is modified from that observed in $pp$ collisions with increasing centrality, consistent with the picture of parton energy loss in the hot nuclear medium. The data are compared with a suite of energy-loss models and calculations.Peer Reviewe

Panorama das Intervenções Coronárias Percutâneas em Oclusões Totais Crônicas em Centros Participantes do LATAM CTO Registry no Brasil

Background: Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. Objectives: To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. Methods: Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. Results: Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. Conclusions: CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association of Malaria Infection During Pregnancy With Head Circumference of Newborns in the Brazilian Amazon.

Importance: Malaria during pregnancy is associated with adverse events for the fetus and newborn, but the association of malaria during pregnancy with the head circumference of the newborn is unclear. Objective: To investigate the association of malaria during pregnancy with fetal head growth. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two cohort studies were conducted at the general maternity hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre, Brazil) in the Amazonian region. One cohort study prospectively enrolled noninfected and malaria-infected pregnant women who were followed up until delivery, between January 2013 and April 2015. The other cohort study was assembled retrospectively using clinical and malaria data from all deliveries that occurred between January 2012 and December 2013. Data analyses were conducted from January to August 2017 and revised in November 2018. Clinical data from pregnant women and anthropometric measures of their newborns were evaluated. A total of 600 pregnant women were enrolled through volunteer sampling (prospective cohort study), and 4697 pregnant women were selected by population-based sampling (retrospective cohort study). After application of exclusion criteria, data from 251 (prospective cohort study) and 232 (retrospective cohort study) malaria-infected and 158 (prospective cohort study) and 3650 (retrospective cohort study) noninfected women were evaluated. Exposure: Malaria during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was the incidence of altered head circumference in newborns delivered from malaria-infected mothers compared with that from noninfected mothers. Secondary end points included measures of placental pathology relative to newborn head circumference. Results: In total, 4291 maternal-child pairs were analyzed. Among 409 newborns in the prospective cohort study, the mothers of 251 newborns had malaria during pregnancy, infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, or both. Among 3882 newborns in the retrospective cohort study, 232 were born from mothers that had malaria during pregnancy. The prevalence of newborns with a small head (19 [30.7%] in the prospective cohort study and 30 [36.6%] in the retrospective cohort study) and the prevalence of microcephaly among newborns (5 [8.1%] in the prospective cohort study and 6 [7.3%] in the retrospective cohort study) were higher among newborns from women infected with P falciparum during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that P falciparum infection during pregnancy represented a significant risk factor for the occurrence of small head circumference in newborns (prospective cohort study: odds ratio, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.52-6.53; P = .002; retrospective cohort study: odds ratio, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.21-3.04; P = .006). Placental pathologic findings corroborated this association, with more syncytial nuclear aggregates and inflammatory infiltrates occurring in placentas of newborns born with decreased head circumference. Conclusions and Relevance: This study indicates that falciparum malaria during pregnancy is associated with decreased head circumference in newborns, which is in turn associated with evidence of placental malaria