Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

New Records Of Bentharca Asperula (dall, 1881) (mollusca, Bivalvia, Arcidae) From Brazil [novos Registros De Bentharca Asperula (dall, 1881) (mollusca, Bivalvia, Arcidae) Para O Brasil]

Specimens of Bentharca asperula (Dall, 1881) were obtained from deep waters of the coasts of the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States, and their shells described, illustrated and compared with descriptions and illustrations obtained from the literature. This species has a small strongly inequilateral shell, trapezoidal in outline and expanded ventro-posteriorly; their umbos are placed at about 1/3 of the anterior length of their straight hinge line. The external sculpture consists of irregular spaced concentric ridges, intercepted by fine radiating striae; the periostracum is hairy, forming a cover as a thatch. Hinge teeth are small, disposed in two series interrupted by the ligament. With this finding of living specimens from the Bacia de Campos, the distribution of B. asperula can now be extended in the Brazilian coast, confirming its wide spread in the Atlantic Ocean.94281283Abbott, R.T., (1974) American Seashells, , 2 ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New YorkAbsalão, R.S., Caetano, C.H.S., Pimenta, A.D., Novas ocorrências de gastrópodes e bivalves marinhos do Brasil (Mollusca) (2003) Rev. Bras. De Zool, 20 (2), pp. 323-328Amaral, A.C.Z., Rizzo, A.E., Arruda, E.P., (2006) Manual De Identificação Dos Invertebrados Marinhos Da Região Sudeste-sul Do Brasil, , Editora USP, São PauloKnudsen, J., The deep sea Bivalvia (1967) Scient. Rep. John Murray Exped, 11, pp. 235-343Knudsen, J., The systematics and biology of abyssal and hadal Bivalvia (1970) Galathea Rep, 11, pp. 7-241Oliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., Primeiro registro de Mendicula ferruginosa, Kelliella atlantica e Lyonsiella subquadrata (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) para águas brasileiras (2007) Biociências, 15 (1), pp. 63-67Oliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., The genera Limatula and Limea (Mollusca, Pelecypoda, Limidae) from deep waters off Brazil (2008) Zootaxa, pp. 48-58Oliver, G., Allen, J.A., The functional and adaptive morphology of the deep-sea species of the Arcacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Atlantic (1980) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B, Biol. Sci, 291 (1045), pp. 45-76Prado, A.C.G., Nascimento, J.C.B., Bentharca asperula (Dall, 1881) - Arcidae, Anadarinae - Nova ocorrência para a costa brasileira (Recife/ Pernambuco) (1994) Publ. Ocas. Conquil. Brasil, 9, pp. 1-2Rios, E.C., (1994) Seashells of Brazil, , 2 ed. Museu Oceanográfico Prof. E. C. Rios da Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio GrandeSimone, L.R.L., A new species of Acar (Bivalvia, Arcidae) from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil (2009) Novapex, 10 (1), pp. 9-1

A Comparative Study Of The Bivalvia (mollusca) From The Continental Shelves Of Antarctica And Brazil [estudo Comparativo Dos Bivalvia (mollusca) Da Plataforma Continental Da Antártica E Do Brasil]

During identification of bivalve molluscs collected in Antarctica, a rich taxonomic bibliography was gathered, stimulating comparisons with the Brazilian malacofauna. We listed a total of 68 and 368 known shallow-water species (less than 200 m depth) from Antarctica and Brazil, respectively, in order to find species, families and superfamilies in common, and to investigate how these malacofaunas differ in regard to these representative groups and their life habits. There are 23 superfamilies absent in Antarctica, but present in Brazil with at least one species; the reverse does not occur, as all superfamilies known from Antarctica are also recorded from Brazil. The number of Brazilian species is higher, being composed of a mixture of taxa from different biogeographical provinces, whereas in Antarctica there are only a few species adapted to its polar conditions, with minor components from elsewhere. Thus, many typical Caribbean species extend into Brazil, belonging to the diverse Arcoidea, Pectinoidea, Lucinoidea, Cardioidea, Veneroidea, and Tellinoidea. Cemented Ostreoidea, Plicatuloidea, Dimyoidea, Spondylidae (Pectinoidea), and Chamoidea are absent from Antarctica, as are wood (Teredinidae, Pholadoidea) and rock borers (Pholadidae, Pholadoidea; Gastrochaenoidea; and Lithophaginae, Mytiloidea). A large number of Brazilian species of infaunal (e.g., Tellinidae, Veneridae, Cardiidae, and Mactroidea) and epifaunal groups (Pectinidae, Mytilidae, and Arcidae) are absent from or poorly represented in Antarctica. Nuculanoidea, Limopsoidea, Lucinoidea, Galeommatoidea, Cyamioidea, and Cuspidarioidea are the richest groups in Antarctica; some of them are also represented by several species in Brazil, albeit in deeper waters. Three species are recorded as living in both places: Limatulapygmaea (Limidae), Lasaeaadansoni (Lasaeidae), and Gaimardiatrapesina (Gaimardiidae). Through the analysis of these groups from each fauna, it is possible to identify those that are taxonomically diverse in one place or another, and then emphasize them in ecological studies, eventually using them as model or monitoring organisms. The present paper can be a starting point for future discussion on the existing latitudinal gradients along the coast of eastern South America, stimulating studies on changes occurring in the composition of the faunas of bivalves from Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Antarctica.111143155Abbott, R.T., (1974) American Seashells, , 2 ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New YorkAbele, D., Tesch, C., Wencke, P., Pörtner, H.O., How does oxidative stress relate to thermal tolerance in the Antarctic bivalve Yoldiaeightsi? (2001) Antarct. Sci, 13, pp. 11-118Absalão, R.S., Pimenta, A.D., (2005) Moluscos Marinhos Da APA Do Arquipélago De Santana, , Macaé, RJ. Editora Ciência Moderna, Rio de JaneiroAbsalão, R.S., Caetano, C.H.S., Pimenta, A.D., Novas ocorrências de gastrópodes e bivalves marinhos do Brasil (Mollusca) (2003) Rev. Bras. Zool, 20, pp. 323-328Ahn, I.Y., Some ecological and physiological strategies for energy conservation of the Antarctic clam, Laternulaelliptica (1997) Kor. J. Polar Res, 8, pp. 77-83Aldea, C., Troncoso, J.S., Systematics and distribution of shelled molluscs (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda) from the South Shetland Islands to the Bellingshausen Sea, West Antarctica (2008) Iberus, 26, pp. 43-117Aldea, C., Olabarria, C., Troncoso, J.S., Bathymetric zonation and diversity gradient of gastropods and bivalves in West Antarctica from the South Shetland Islands to the Bellingshausen Sea (2008) Deep-Sea Res. Pt, 1 (55), pp. 350-368Aldea, C., Olabarria, C., Troncoso, J.S., Spatial patterns of benthic diversity in molluscs from West Antarctica (2009) Antarct. Sci, 21, pp. 341-353Allen, J.A., The Recent species of the genera Limatula and Limea (Bivalvia, Limacea) present in the Atlantic, with particular reference to those in deep water (2004) J. Nat. Hist, 38, pp. 2591-2653Amaral, A.C.Z., Rizzo, A.E., Arruda, E.P., (2006) Manual De Identificação Dos Invertebrados Marinhos Da Região Sudeste-sul Do Brasil, p. 1. , Editora USP, São PauloArnaud, P.M., Sur une petite collection de gastéropodes prosobranches et pélécypodes de l'Ile Petermann (Antarctique) (1972) Téthys, 4, pp. 429-436Arnaud, P.M., Invertébrés marins des XIIème et XVème Expéditions Antarctiques Françaises en Terre Adélie. 13. Polyplacophores, Scaphopodes et Pélécypodes (1973) Téthys, 5, pp. 549-560Arnaud, P.M., Hain, S., Quantitative distribution of the shelf and slope molluscan fauna (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) of the eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) (1992) Polar Biol, 12, pp. 103-109Arnaud, P.M., Jazdzewskik, K., Presler, P., Sicinski, J., Preliminary survey of benthic invertebrates collected by Polish Antarctic expeditions in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands, Antarctica (1986) Pol. 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Sci, 5, pp. 377-378Oliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., Primeiro registro de Mendiculaferruginosa, Kelliellaatlantica e Lyonsiellasubquadrata (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) para águas brasileiras (2007) Biociências, 15, pp. 63-67Oliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., (2008) The Genera Limatula and Limea (Mollusca, Pelecypoda, Limidae) From Deep Waters Off Brazil, pp. 48-58. , ZootaxaOliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., The genera Myonera, Octoporia, and Protocuspidaria (Pelecypoda, Cuspidariidae) from deep waters of Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with descriptions of two new species (2009) Am. Malacol. Bull, 27, pp. 141-156Oliveira, C.D.C., Absalão, R.S., Review of the Septibranchia (Pelecypoda: Mollusca) from deep sea of Campos Basin, Brazil: Family Verticordiidae, with description of a new species (2010) J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 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An Extended Geographical Distribution Of Donax Gemmula Morrison, 1971 (bivalvia: Donacidae): New Record From The Brazilian Northeastern Coast

This study provides the first record of Donax gemmula Morrison, 1971 (Bivalvia: Donacidae) from the Ceará State, Northeast Brazil; up to now it was only known from the Southeastern and Southern Brazilian coast. Shells larger than ~2 mm in length of this species can be distinguished from those of D. striatus Linnaeus, 1767. Both species were collected in the same beaches: Banco dos Cajuais and Pecém. The occurrence of D. gemmula remains unnoticed for others States of the Northeast Brazil, and so we suggest two possible explanations for this finding from Ceará State: i) a recent introduction (e.g., by ballast water); or ii) this species has a continuous distribution along the Brazilian coast (Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul), being not recorded until now because this is not easily collected (the animals are small and bottom samples need to be sieved to obtain them) and may be confused with young specimens of other species of Donax, such as D. striatus. © 2013 Check List and Authors.9510871090Alves, E.S., Pezzuto, P.R., Effect of cold fronts on the benthic macrofauna of exposed sandy beaches with contrasting morphodynamics (2009) Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 57 (2), pp. 73-96Alves, E.S., Pezzuto, P.R., Effect of morphodynamics on annual average zonation pattern of benthic macrofauna of exposed sandy beaches in Santa Catarina, Brazil (2009) Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 57 (3), pp. 189-203Amaral, A.C.Z., Jablonski, S., Conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil (2005) Conservation Biology, 19 (3), pp. 625-631Ansell, A.D., The biology of the genus Donax (1983) Sandy beaches as Ecosystems., pp. 607-635. , In A. McLachlan and T. Erasmus (ed.). BostonJunk, W., Arruda, E.P., Amaral, A.C.Z., Spatial distribution of mollusks in the intertidal zone of sheltered beaches in southeastern of Brazil (2003) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20 (2), pp. 291-300. , PublishersBarros, F., Borzone, C.A., Rosso, S., Macroinfauna of six beaches near Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazil (2001) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 44 (4), pp. 351-364Borzone, C.A., Souza, J.R.B., Soares, A.G., Morphodynamic influence on the structure of inter and subtidal macrofaunal communities of subtropical sandy beaches (1996) Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 69, pp. 565-577Campos, A.A., Polette, M., A gestão integrada da Zona Costeira (2003) A Zona Costeira do Ceará: Diagnóstico para a Gestão Integrada., pp. 11-26. , In AQUASIS-Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (org). Fortaleza: AquasisCarlos, C.J., Fedrizzi, C.E., Campos, A.A., Matthews-Cascon, H., Barroso, C.X., Rabay, S.G., Bezerra, L.E.A., Thiers, P.R.L., (2010) Migratory Shorebird Conservation and Shrimp Farming in NE Brazil-Final Report., p. 162Cochôa, A.R., Lorenzi, L., Borzone, C.A., A influência da passagem de uma frente meteorológica na distribuição da macrofauna bentônica mesolitoral de uma praia arenosa exposta (2006) Tropical Oceanography, 34 (2), pp. 59-71Corbisier, T.N., Benthic macrofauna of sandy intertidal zone at Santos estuarine system, São Paulo, Brazil (1991) Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico de São Paulo, 39 (1), pp. 1-13Denadai, M.R., Amaral, A.C.Z., Turra, A., Structure of molluscan assemblages in sheltered intertidal unconsolidated environments (2005) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48 (5), pp. 825-839Domaneschi, O., Lopes, S.G.B.C., Família Donacidae Fleming, 1828 (1988) Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Malacologia, 87, pp. 9-12. , 1889 88: 9-1292: 9-1293: 9-12Morrison, J.P.E., Western Atlantic Donax (1971) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83 (48), pp. 545-568Neves, F.M., Bemvenuti, C.E., Variabilidade diária da zonação da macrofauna bentônica em praias arenosas do litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul (2009) Iheringia Série Zoologia, 99 (1), pp. 71-81Neves, F.M., Colling, L.A., de Pereira, P.S., Bemvenuti, C.E., Daily variation of macrobenthic fauna on an exposed sandy beach of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2006) Journal of Coastal Research, 39, pp. 1225-1228Neves, L.P., da Silva, P.S.R., Bemvenuti, C.E., Temporal variability of benthic macrofauna on Cassino beach, southernmost Brazil (2008) Iheringia Série Zoológica, 98 (1), pp. 36-44Neves, L.P., da Silva, P.S.R., Bemvenuti, C.E., Distribuição horizontal da macrofauna bentônica na praia do Cassino, extremo sul do Brasil (2012) Iheringia Série Zoologia, 102 (3), pp. 245-253Ourives, T.M., Rizzo, A.E., Boehs, G., Composition and spatial distribution of the benthic macrofauna in the Cachoeira River estuary, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (2011) Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 46 (1), pp. 17-25Pagliosa, P.R., Distribuição da macrofauna bêntica do entremarés ao sublitoral em uma praia estuarina da Baía da Babitonga, Sul do Brasil (2006) Biotemas, 19 (1), pp. 25-33Passos, F.D., Domaneschi, O., Biologia e anatomia funcional de Donax gemmula Morrison (Bivalvia, Donacidae) do litoral de São Paulo, Brasil (2004) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21 (4), pp. 1017-1032Silva, J.S.V., Fernandes, F.C., Souza, R.C.C.L., Larsen, K.T.S., Danelon, O.M., (2004) Água de lastro e bioinvasão, pp. 1-10. , In J. S. V. Silva and R. C. C. L. Souza (org.). Água de Lastro e Bioinvasão. Rio de Janeiro: Interciênciasde Silva, P.S.R., Neves, L.P., Bemvenuti, C.E., Temporal variation of sandy beach macrofauna at two sites with distinct environmental conditions on Cassino Beach, extreme southern Brazil (2008) Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 56 (4), pp. 257-270Smith, A.J., Morais, J.O., Estudos preliminares sobre a geologia ambiental costeira do estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil (1984) Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, 23 (1), pp. 85-96Souza, J.R.B., Gianuca, N.M., Zonation and seasonal variation of the intertidal macrofauna on a sand beach of Paraná State, Brazil (1995) Scientia Marina, 59 (2), pp. 103-11

Drivers of biodiversity associated with rhodolith beds from euphotic and mesophotic zones: insights for management and conservation

Ecologically important marine ecosystems should be identified and protected, as is the case of the poorly known SW Atlantic rhodolith beds. Understanding the main variables predicting biodiversity patterns is essential for determining priority areas for conservation. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate associated with rhodoliths from euphotic and mesophotic zones from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago investigating the drivers of diversity distribution in this habitat. Rhodoliths were sampled and vagile macroinvertebrates (>500 μm) were classified and quantified. We verified that estimated density of organisms associated with rhodoliths in the euphotic zone was 17 % greater than the mesophotic zone. The communities along depth zones show dissimilarities, suggesting that both environments are ecologically distinct. Comparisons with other ecosystems revealed that rhodolith beds have similar diversity of macroinvertebrates. We also found that four of the six tested variables predicted 85 % of the variability observed in the vagile macroinvertebrate community (i.e. average diameter, depth, biomass of macroalgae and density of rhodoliths in the bed). These variables should be taken into account in future research in modeling the biodiversity associated with the rhodolith beds. This is especially relevant in the SW Atlantic where the rhodolith beds seem to harbor an associated biodiversity greater than previous works had indicated, moreover, they represent one of the main ecosystems that are often superimposed with mining activities1813743CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ2017/22273-