Desarrollo de habilidades básicas para la investigación

Material diseñado para las actividades dirigidas al alumnado de Bachillerato de Investigación/Excelencia y Grados universitarios en el ámbito de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariale

Estudio exploratorio sobre el panorama actual de la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria en España

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la situación actual en la que se encuentra la Formación Inicial del Profesorado de Secundaria (en adelante FIPS) y su problemática desde la perspectiva del modelo formativo en España. Concretamente, la finalidad del trabajo ha sido la de tratar de identificar cuáles los perfiles motivaciones que llevan al estudiante a escoger el master y su relación con el carácter vocacional de los estudios conducentes a la misma. Con este fin se levantó un estudio de campo por medio de la recogida de un total de 512 encuestas a los alumnos Master en Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas (en adelante MPES) pertenecientes a las Universidades de Burgos (UBU), Córdoba (UCO) y Jaén (UJA), en el curso 2015/2016. Los resultados revelan  que la FIPS está predominante enfocada a materias específicas dentro de cada especialidad y que  las dimensiones de carácter estructural (sociales, políticas, culturales, organizativas) han quedado en no han recibido la importancia suficiente, quedando representadas en una series de asignaturas de poco peso y “subordinadas” a la especialidad. Tampoco parece recibir demasiada importancia la formación que deriva del Prácticum

Exploratory study on the current stage of initial training of high school teachers in Spain

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/IJERI/article/view/2808El presente trabajo pretende analizar la situación actual en la que se encuentra la Formación Inicial del Profesorado de Secundaria (en adelante FIPS) y su problemática desde la perspectiva del modelo formativo en España. Concretamente, la finalidad del trabajo ha sido la de tratar de identificar cuáles los perfiles motivaciones que llevan al estudiante a escoger el master y su relación con el carácter vocacional de los estudios conducentes a la misma. Con este fin se levantó un estudio de campo por medio de la recogida de un total de 512 encuestas a los alumnos Master en Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas (en adelante MPES) pertenecientes a las Universidades de Burgos (UBU), Córdoba (UCO) y Jaén (UJA), en el curso 2015/2016. Los resultados revelan que la FIPS está predominante enfocada a materias específicas dentro de cada especialidad y que las dimensiones de carácter estructural (sociales, políticas, culturales, organizativas) han quedado en no han recibido la importancia suficiente, quedando representadas en una series de asignaturas de poco peso y "subordinadas" a la especialidad. Tampoco parece recibir demasiada importancia la formación que deriva del prácticum.This paper aims to analyze the current situation in which is the initial training of high school teachers and its problems from the perspective of the training model in Spain. Specifically, the purpose of the work has been trying to identify the motivations that lead to student profiles to pick the master and its relationship to the vocational nature of the studies leading to it. To that end, a fieldwork was developed by collecting a total of 512 surveys Master students in Faculty Compulsory and High Secondary Education, Vocational Training and Language Teaching (hereinafter PLMS) belonging to the Universities of Burgos (UBU), Córdoba (UCO) and Jaén (UJA), during 2015/2016. The results reveal that initial training of high school teachers is predominantly focused on specific subjects within each specialty and that the structural dimensions (social, political, cultural, organizational) have not received enough importance, being represented in a series of subjects of low weight and "subordinate" to the specialty. Nor does the training that derives from the Practicum seem to receive enough importance.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

La formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Secundaria en España: perfil y motivaciones del futuro docente

Initial teacher training is a key element for improving educational quality.The need to improve the skills and abilities of the new teaching staff, andin particular, the motivations that lead the future teacher to choose themasters degree in secondary school teachers are particularly relevant. Theimportance of knowing these motivations lies in their potential as a predictor of future performance in teaching. In an incipient way, the literature highlights the need to study the motivational profile in the professional development of teachers. However, we consider that the attention given has been scarce so far. In this sense, the objective of this work is to delve further into the motivational analysis of the students of the teacher training masters. To that end, a survey of 512 students of various specialties was carried out in three Spanish universities (Burgos, Córdoba and Jaén), who answered a questionnaire about motivations and vocation for teaching. A factorial analysis was carried out in order to simplify and to learn their main motivations. In addition, a cluster analysis classifies the students according to their main motivation. The data reveals the existence of a negative relationship between both the intrinsic motivation for teaching and the age of the respondent. Moreover, it has also been found that the students of areas of knowledge related to Arts and Humanities show a higher level of intrinsic teacher motivation. On the other hand, the fact of having an earlier postgraduate degree is related to a lower vocation. Thus, understanding the motivations to be a teacher may be of interest to both the educational authorities in charge of the selection of students and those who have the power to plan teacher training from the point of view of curricular design.La formación inicial del profesorado es un elemento clave para la mejora de la calidad educativa. En este contexto, la necesidad de mejorar las competencias y destrezas del nuevo profesorado, y en concreto, las motivaciones que llevan al futuro docente a la elección del Máster de Formación en Profesorado de Secundaria gozan de una especial relevancia.La importancia de conocer dichas motivaciones reside en su potencial como predictor del desempeño futuro en la docencia. De manera incipiente, la literatura señala la necesidad de estudiar el perfil motivacional en el desarrollo profesional de los docentes. Sin embargo, consideramos que hasta el momento ha sido escasa la atención prestada. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo profundizar en el análisis del perfil motivacional del alumnado del máster de formación del profesorado. Para ello, se ha realizado una encuesta a 512 alumnas y alumnos de diferentes especialidades, en tres universidades españolas (Burgos, Córdoba y Jaén), que respondieron a un cuestionario sobre motivaciones y vocación hacia la docencia. Se ha aplicado un análisis factorial para simplificar y conocer sus principales motivaciones y un análisis clúster para clasificar al alumnado según sus factores motivacionales principales. Los datos revelan que existe relación negativa entre la motivación intrínseca hacia la docencia y la edad del encuestado. También se ha encontrado que el alumnado de áreas de conocimiento relacionadas con las Artes y las Humanidades presenta un mayor nivel de motivación docente intrínseca; y, por otra parte, el hecho de tener un posgrado anterior se relaciona con una menor vocación.Comprender las motivaciones para ser docente, puede tener interés tanto para las autoridades educativas encargadas de la selección del alumnado como para aquellas que tengan la potestad en la planificación de la formación del profesorado, desde el punto de vista del diseño curricular

Sensitization and training: key points of inclusion in mountain competitions

La diversidad funcional es una realidad de millonesde personas en España, a la que se debe que dar respuesta desde los diferentes ámbitos de la socie-dad, propiciando la inclusión en todos ellos desde la sensibilización y, la formación de los profesionales y la población en general. Esta situación unida al cre-ciente interés por parte de las personas con diversi-dad funcional visual en la realización de actividades físicas en medio natural y más concretamente en lascarreras por montaña nos lleva a plantearnos como objetivo de estudio: Analizar la concienciación y sensibilización dentro de los diferentes agentes implicados en las carreras por montaña. Los parti-cipantes del estudio son deportistas y guías, que se encuentran dentro de la Federación Española de Deportes para Ciegos y participan en el Campeonato Nacional de Carreras por Montaña y en otras com-peticiones de índole similar, la muestra es de 49 sujetos: 26 deportistas (19 hombres y 7 mujeres), y23 guías, (18 hombres y 7 mujeres). El instrumento aplicado fue una entrevista en profundidad, anali-zada a través del software de tratamiento cualitati-vo NVIVO, que ha llevado a unos interesantes resul-tados entre los que destacan la falta de sensibiliza-ción en el acceso a las competiciones en medio na-tural, falta de previsión o preparación organizativa para el acogimiento de las personas con diversidad funcional y la falta de formación de los responsables y técnicos de la organización de las competiciones.Los resultados obtenidos llevan a necesidad de un proceso de sensibilización y formación dentro de las estructuras organizativas de las competiciones en las actividades de montaña y a la propuesta de un plan de formación complementario a las obligaciones formativas en los programas de técnicos deportivos.Functional diversity is a reality of millions of people in Spain, which must be answered from the differentspheres of society, favoring the inclusion in all of them of the sensitization and the training of profes-sionals and the population in general. This situation, coupled with the growing interest of people with visual functional diversity in the performance of physical activities in the natural environment and more concretely in the mountain races, leads us to consider ourselves as a study objective: To analyzethe awareness and sensitization Within the different agents involved in mountain races. The participantsof the study are athletes and guides, who are within the Spanish Federation of Sports for the Blind and participate in the National Championships for Mountain Races and in other competitions of a simi-lar nature, the sample is of 49 subjects: 26 athletes (19 Men and 7 women), and 23 guides (18 men and 7 women). The instrument applied was an in-depth interview, analyzed through the NVIVO qualitative treatment software, which has led to interesting results among which the lack of awareness in accessto competitions in the natural environment, Lack offoresight or organizational preparation for the re-ception of the people with functional diversity andthe lack of formation of the responsible ones and technicians of the organization of the competitions. The results obtained lead to the need for a processof awareness and training within the organizationalstructures of the competitions in mountain activities and to the proposal of a training plan complemen-tary to the training obligations in the programs ofsports technicians

Hyperactivity induced by the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole is attenuated by inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in mice

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation on behavioural actions of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole in male C57Bl/6J mice. In addition, we studied the effects of endocannabinoid degradation inhibition on both cocaine-induced psychomotor activation and behavioural sensitization. We analysed the effects of inhibition of the two main endocannabinoid degradation enzymes: fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), using inhibitor URB597 (1 mg/kg); monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), using inhibitor URB602 (10 mg/kg). Administration of quinpirole (1 mg/kg) caused a temporal biphasic response characterized by a first phase of immobility (0–50 min), followed by enhanced locomotion (next 70 min) that was associated with the introduction of stereotyped behaviours (stereotyped jumping and rearing). Pretreatment with both endocannabinoid degradation inhibitors did not affect the hypoactivity actions of quinpirole. However, this pretreatment resulted in a marked decrease in quinpirole-induced locomotion and stereotyped behaviours. Administration of FAAH or MAGL inhibitors did not attenuate the acute effects of cocaine. Furthermore, these inhibitors did not impair the acquisition of cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization or the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion. Only MAGL inhibition attenuated the expression of an already acquired cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation might exert a negative feedback on D2/D3 receptor-mediated hyperactivity. This finding might be relevant for therapeutic approaches for either psychomotor disorders (dyskinesia, corea) or disorganized behaviours associated with dopamine-mediated hyperactivity.Fil: Luque Rojas, María Jesús. Fundación IMABIS; EspañaFil: Galeano, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Suarez, Juan . Fundación IMABIS; EspañaFil: Araos, Pedro. Fundación IMABIS; EspañaFil: Santín Nuñez, Luis Javier. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando. Fundación IMABIS; EspañaFil: Blanco Calvo, Eduardo. Fundación IMABIS; España. Universidad de Malaga; Españ

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex field infections in cattle using fecal volatile organic compound analysis through gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry combined with chemometrics

Bovine tuberculosis is considered a re-emerging disease caused by different species from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), important not only for the livestock sector but also for public health due to its zoonotic character. Despite the numerous efforts that have been carried out to improve the performance of the current antemortem diagnostic procedures, nowadays, they still pose several drawbacks, such as moderate to low sensitivity, highlighting the necessity to develop alternative and innovative tools to complement control and surveillance frameworks. Volatilome analysis is considered an innovative approach which has been widely employed in animal science, including animal health field and diagnosis, due to the useful and interesting information provided by volatile metabolites. Therefore, this study assesses the potential of gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to discriminate cattle naturally infected (field infections) by MTC from non-infected animals. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from feces were analyzed, employing the subsequent information through chemometrics. After the evaluation of variable importance for the projection of compounds, the final discriminant models achieved a robust performance in cross-validation, as well as high percentages of correct classification (>90%) and optimal data of sensitivity (91.66%) and specificity (99.99%) in external validation. The tentative identification of some VOCs revealed some coincidences with previous studies, although potential new compounds associated with the discrimination of infected and non-infected subjects were also addressed. These results provide strong evidence that a volatilome analysis of feces through GC-IMS coupled to chemometrics could become a valuable methodology to discriminate the infection by MTC in cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine tuberculosis is endemic in many countries worldwide and poses important concerns for public health because of their zoonotic condition. However, current diagnostic techniques present several hurdles, such as low sensitivity and complexity, among others. In this regard, the development of new approaches to improve the diagnosis and control of this disease is considered crucial. Volatile organic compounds are small molecular mass metabolites which compose volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed with success in different areas of animal science including animal health. The present study seeks to evaluate the combination of fecal volatilome analysis with chemometrics to detect field infections by bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) in cattle. The good robust performance of discriminant models as well as the optimal data of sensitivity and specificity achieved highlight volatilome analysis as an innovative approach with huge potential.European Commission GOP2I-CO-16-001

Design and validation of a tool for prognosis of the energy consumption and performance in electric vehicles

This work develops a software tool to calculate and predict the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV) for any desired route. The software tool is based on a mathematical model of an electric vehicle, which relates the energy consumption of the vehicle with factors such as the speed and the terrain slope. In addition, factors such as driving style, weather conditions and traffic congestion can be taken into account. The model has been validated with real data from an electric vehicle. On the other hand, this work proposes a methodology to use this tool with any other EV, as long as its basic characteristics are known. The results obtained in this work are applied in automated testing systems, specific for EV storage systems at laboratory level. The main advantage lies in the use of more realistic power profiles than those commonly used and proposed in the specialized literature (eg, FUDS). In addition, the proposed methodology can be applied to any EV, in different scenarios of orography, traffic, climatology, etc.This work was supported by the Science of Innovation Spanish Ministry and FEDER funds under the Project TEC2016-80700-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), by the Principality of Asturias Government under project FC-15GRUPIN14-073 and the University Institute of Industrial Technology of Asturias (IUTA) under project SV-15GIJON-1.13

Clustering and beamforming for efficient communication in wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is a critical issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as sensor nodes have limited power availability. In order to address this issue, this paper tries to maximize the power efficiency in WSNs by means of the evaluation of WSN node networks and their performance when both clustering and antenna beamforming techniques are applied. In this work, four different scenarios are defined, each one considering different numbers of sensors: 50, 20, 10, five, and two nodes per scenario, and each scenario is randomly generated thirty times in order to statistically validate the results. For each experiment, two different target directions for transmission are taken into consideration in the optimization process (ɸ = 0º and Ɵ = 45º; ɸ = 45º, and Ɵ = 45º). Each scenario is evaluated for two different types of antennas, an ideal isotropic antenna and a conventional dipole one. In this set of experiments two types of WSN are evaluated: in the first one, all of the sensors have the same amount of power for communications purposes; in the second one, each sensor has a different amount of power for its communications purposes. The analyzed cases in this document are focused on 2D surface and 3D space for the node location. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that beamforming and clustering are simultaneously applied to increase the network lifetime in WSNs.Gobierno de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER: Proyecto IB13113peerReviewe

ANÁLISIS DE LA SEGURIDAD ACTIVA EN AUTOBUSES MEDIANTE LA REALIZACIÓN DE ENSAYOS VIRTUALES

[ES] La seguridad activa de los vehículos se ve afectada por las variaciones de las condiciones de operación y por la degradación de los diferentes sistemas (suspensión, dirección, neumáticos, etc.). Una de la variables de operación que más afecta a la seguridad es la carga y su distribución el en vehículo. En el caso de los vehículos para el transporte colectivo de personas, por razones obvias, las condiciones de carga son muy variable al igual que la distribución de la misma. Este trabajo evalúa la sensibilidad de la respuesta dinámica de este tipo de vehículos, con ello de la seguridad activa, ante diferentes condiciones de operación. Para ello, mediante la utilización de un modelo virtual de autobús, desarrollado en el software de simulación dinámica multicuerpo MSC Admas®, se simularán los ensayos dinámicos propuestos en por la normativa ISO. Se analiza la respuesta del vehículo ante diferentes condiciones operativas (estados de carga, velocidad, etc). En base a estos análisis se identifica la sensibilidad de las condiciones de seguridad, sirviendo de base para proponer soluciones que permitan minimizar o identificar o predecir las situaciones de riesgo en la circulación de este tipo de vehículos.Álvarez Mantaras, D.; Luque Rodríguez, P.; Alonso Villarmarzo, M.; García De Jalón, J.; Callejo Goena, A. (2016). ANÁLISIS DE LA SEGURIDAD ACTIVA EN AUTOBUSES MEDIANTE LA REALIZACIÓN DE ENSAYOS VIRTUALES. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2519-2528. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3436OCS2519252