Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Abbe numbers and chromatic aberration of a large group of intraocular lens designs

Ophthalmic researc

Viabilidade do cultivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustácea, Decapoda) em gaiolas sob diferentes densidades durante o outono no sul do Brasil Viability of culturing the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea, Decapoda) in cages under different stocking densities during autumn in southern Brazil

Neste trabalho, foi estudada a possibilidade de cultivar o camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis em gaiolas com diferentes densidades de estocagem durante o outono (abril a junho) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS. Juvenis com peso médio de 4,95g (&plusmn; 1,69 dp foram estocados em gaiolas nas densidades de 20, 40, 80, 100 e 120 ind/m². Os camarões foram alimentados diariamente ad libitum com pedaços de Corvina (Micropogonias furnieri). As sobrevivências e os pesos foram observados nos tempos 20, 40 e 60 dias de experimento. Durante o período de cultivo a temperatura da água decresceu de 24 para 11&deg;C (média = 17,1&deg;C) e a salinidade oscilou entre 3 e 26 (média = 17,5). As taxas de sobrevivência nas densidades de 20, 40, 80, 100 e 120 ind/m² foram 65%, 68%, 46%, 52% e 43,3% respectivamente, sendo significativamente maiores nas densidades de 20 e 40 ind/m². Após 60 dias, os camarões estocados em 20 e 40 ind/m² atingiram peso superior a 8,0g, sendo significativamente maiores (P<0,05) que nos demais tratamentos. A maior biomassa (356g) foi obtida na densidade de 120 ind/m². Foram produzidos de 250 a 350g de camarões com peso médio de 6,5 a 8,0g por m², mesmo em altas densidades de estocagem (40 a 120 ind/m²). As taxas de sobrevivência dos camarões mantidos em 20 e 40 ind/m² podem ser consideradas satisfatórias, contudo, após a temperatura ficar abaixo de 18&deg;C, as taxas de crescimento foram reduzidas. Os resultados confirmam o efeito negativo da densidade de estocagem sobre o crescimento dos camarões, sendo recomendada a estocagem de 40 a 120 juvenis/m². Foi, contudo, comprovada a possibilidade de cultivar F. paulensis durante o outono no sul do Brasil.<br>In this study, we assessed the feasibility of culturing Farfantepenaeus paulensis in cages at different stocking densities during autumn (from April to June) in the Patos Lagoon estuary. Juveniles with mean weight of 4.95g (&plusmn; 1.69 SD) were stocked in cages at densities of 20, 40, 80, 100 and 120 ind/m² of bottom. Shrimp were fed daily by-catch items (Micropogonias furnieri) ad libitum. Survival and wet weight were estimated at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of the trial. Water temperature varied from 11 to 24&deg;C (mean = 17.1&deg;C), whiles salinity ranged from 3 to 26 (mean = 17.5). Survival rates at densities of 20, 40, 80, 100 and 120 ind/m² were 65%, 68%, 46%, 52% and 43,3%, respectively, being significantly higher at 20 and 40 ind/m². After 60 days, shrimp stocked at 20 and 40 ind/m² reached over 8.0g, which were significantly higher than those reared at 80, 100 and 120ind/m². The highest biomass (356g/m²) was obtained at 120 shrimp per m². Up to 250 to 350 g of shrimp with mean weight of 6.5 to 8.0g were produced per m² even at the highest stocking densities (40 to 120 ind/m²). Survival rates of shrimp reared at 20 and 40 ind/m² may be considered satisfactory, whereas growth rates where negligible after temperature dropped below 18&deg;C. The present results confirmed the negative effect of stocking density on shrimp growth, being recommended the stocking of at the most 40 to 120 ind/m². Although the feasibility of culturing F. paulensis in cages during autumn in southern Brazil was demonstrated