The Effects of Activating Gender-Related Social Roles on Financial Risk-Taking

Previous studies observed differences between men and women in terms of their financial risk-taking. However, these differences may stem not only from the gender of the decision-maker but also from other factors, such as stereotypical gender social roles. Media content exposes both men and women to stereotypical portrayals of their gender, and this might temporarily activate thoughts related to their social roles. A question arises whether such activation might impact the way people make risky financial decisions. The present experimental study investigated whether temporarily activated gender-related social roles influence the risk-taking propensities of men and women (N = 319) in the context of gambling and investment choices. The results show that activating a stereotypically male social role (professional employee) made both men and women more prone to take financial risks relative to a control condition. Furthermore, activating a stereotypically female social role (homemaker) lowered the propensity to take financial risks in both genders for the investment domain and in women only for the gambling domain. This study contributes to the literature on gender differences in economic behavior by showing that researchers should not overlook sociocultural factors

AMBIT RESTful web services: an implementation of the OpenTox application programming interface

The AMBIT web services package is one of the several existing independent implementations of the OpenTox Application Programming Interface and is built according to the principles of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture. The Open Source Predictive Toxicology Framework, developed by the partners in the EC FP7 OpenTox project, aims at providing a unified access to toxicity data and predictive models, as well as validation procedures. This is achieved by i) an information model, based on a common OWL-DL ontology ii) links to related ontologies; iii) data and algorithms, available through a standardized REST web services interface, where every compound, data set or predictive method has a unique web address, used to retrieve its Resource Description Framework (RDF) representation, or initiate the associated calculations

Diamond-max ceramics bonding phase composites – phases and microstructure analysis

The possibility for improving the thermal stability of polycrystalline materials based on diamond (PCD) is to reduce the content of cobalt. Diamond compacts without cobalt phases with Ti3₃iC₂ і Cr₂AlC prepared using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The resulting compacts with 20 wt. % of the above phases were exposed to high pressure and temperature in order to further consolidate the structure by sintering. Sintering was performed at 8±0.2 GPa and 1950±50 °C. Phase composition and microstructural study of the original compacts and the composites made by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Одна з можливостей підвищення термостійкості полікристалічних матеріалів на основі алмазу (PCD) полягає в зменшенні вмісту в них кобальту. Алмазні компакти без кобальту з фазами Ti3₃iC₂ і Cr₂AlC отримували з використанням методу само поширюваного високотемпературного синтезу (SHS). Отримані компакти з 20 мас. % зазначених фаз піддавали дії високого тиску і температури з метою подальшої консолідації структури шляхом спікання. Процес спікання здійснювали при 8 ± 0,2 ГПа и 1950 ± 50 °С. Фазовий склад і мікроструктурні дослідження вихідних компактів і отриманих композитів виконані методами рентгенівської дифрактометрії (XRD) і скануючої електронної мікроскопії (SEM).Одна из возможностей повышения термостойкости поликристаллических материалов на основе алмаза (PCD) заключается в снижении содержания в них кобальта. Алмазные компакты без кобальта с фазами Ti3₃iC₂ и Cr₂AlC получали с использованием метода самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (SHS). Полученные компакты с 20 % по мас. указанных фаз подвергали воздействию высокого давления и температуры с целью дальнейшей консолидации структуры путем спекания. Процесс спекания осуществляли при 8 ± 0,2 ГПа и 1950 ± 50 °С. Фазовый состав и микроструктурные исследования исходных компактов и полученных композитов выполнены методами рентгеновской дифрактометрии (XRD) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (SEM)

Cycle-finite module categories

We describe the structure of module categories of finite dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field for which the cycles of nonzero nonisomorphisms between indecomposable finite dimensional modules are finite (do not belong to the infinite Jacobson radical of the module category). Moreover, geometric and homological properties of these module categories are exhibited

FGF receptor genes and breast cancer susceptibility: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Genome-wide association studies have identified FGFR2 as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Common variation in other fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors might also modify risk. We tested this hypothesis by studying genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed SNPs in FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4 and FGFRL1 in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods:Data were combined from 49 studies, including 53 835 cases and 50 156 controls, of which 89 050 (46 450 cases and 42 600 controls) were of European ancestry, 12 893 (6269 cases and 6624 controls) of Asian and 2048 (1116 cases and 932 controls) of African ancestry. Associations with risk of breast cancer, overall and by disease sub-type, were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. Results:Little evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for SNPs in the FGF receptor genes. The strongest evidence in European women was for rs743682 in FGFR3; the estimated per-allele odds ratio was 1.05 (95 confidence interval=1.02-1.09, P=0.0020), which is substantially lower than that observed for SNPs in FGFR2. Conclusion:Our results suggest that common variants in the other FGF receptors are not associated with risk of breast cancer to the degree observed for FGFR2. © 2014 Cancer Research UK

B Cell Synovitis and Clinical Phenotypes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relationship to Disease Stages and Drug Exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To define the relationship of synovial B cells to clinical phenotypes at different stages of disease evolution and drug exposure in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Synovial biopsy specimens and demographic and clinical data were collected from 2 RA cohorts (n = 329), one of patients with untreated early RA (n = 165) and one of patients with established RA with an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IR; n = 164). Synovial tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining and semiquantitative assessment for the degree of synovitis (on a scale of 0-9) and of CD20+ B cell infiltrate (on a scale of 0-4). B cell scores were validated by digital image analysis and B cell lineage-specific transcript analysis (RNA-Seq) in the early RA (n = 91) and TNFi-IR (n = 127) cohorts. Semiquantitative CD20 scores were used to classify patients as B cell rich (≥2) or B cell poor (<2). RESULTS: Semiquantitative B cell scores correlated with digital image analysis quantitative measurements and B cell lineage-specific transcripts. B cell-rich synovitis was present in 35% of patients in the early RA cohort and 47.7% of patients in the TNFi-IR cohort (P = 0.025). B cell-rich patients showed higher levels of disease activity and seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody in early RA but not in established RA, while significantly higher histologic synovitis scores in B cell-rich patients were demonstrated in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: We describe a robust semiquantitative histologic B cell score that closely replicates the quantification of B cells by digital or molecular analyses. Our findings indicate an ongoing B cell-rich synovitis, which does not seem to be captured by standard clinimetric assessment, in a larger proportion of patients with established RA than early RA