766 research outputs found
Valency of rare earths in RIn3 and RSn3: Ab initio analysis of electric-field gradients
In RIn3 and RSn3 the rare earth (R) is trivalent, except for Eu and Yb, which
are divalent. This was experimentally determined in 1977 by perturbed angular
correlation measurements of the electric-field gradient on a 111Cd impurity. At
that time, the data were interpreted using a point charge model, which is now
known to be unphysical and unreliable. This makes the valency determination
potentially questionable. We revisit these data, and analyze them using ab
initio calculations of the electric-field gradient. From these calculations,
the physical mechanism that is responsible for the influence of the valency on
the electric-field gradient is derived. A generally applicable scheme to
interpret electric-field gradients is used, which in a transparent way
correlates the size of the field gradient with chemical properties of the
system.Comment: 10 page
Studies Of Vibrational Surface Modes In Ionic Crystals. I. Detailed Shell-model Studies For The Unrelaxed (001) Face Of Seven Crystals Having The Rocksalt Structure
We present a comprehensive, unified account of the lattice dynamics of unrelaxed (001) faces of seven crystals having the rock salt structure, three of which have an absolute gap between the acoustical and optical bulk bands (RbF, RbCl, and NaI) and four of which have overlap between these bulk bands (NaF, NaCl, LiF, and MgO). The results are obtained from calculations of the normal modes of a thin crystal film in which the ionic interactions are described by the rigid-shell model. An outline of the formulation of the shell model for the film is given, and the rapid convergence of surface-phonon frequencies with increasing film thickness is demonstrated. Surface- and pseudo surface-phonon dispersion curves and bulk bands are displayed in the form of the dispersion curves of a 15-layer film over the two-dimensional surface Brillouin zone. The surface-excess phonon density of states fs(ω) is given, and its peaks and valleys are correlated with features in the film dispersion curves. The domains of existence and the vibrational character of the more prominent surface-phonon bands are discussed. We establish the relation between the surface modes of the lattice models and the macroscopic surface waves of the dielectric and elastic continuum theories (Fuchs-Kliewer and Rayleigh waves, respectively). Comparison with experiments is made; the agreement with low-energy atom scattering from single-crystal surfaces of LiF and with inelastic neutron scattering from micro crystallite samples of MgO is particularly notable, although the latter comparison also displays some significant discrepancies. © 1977 The American Physical Society
Report on an all-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the S4 data
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic
gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1000 Hz and having a negative
frequency time derivative with magnitude between zero and Hz/s. Data
from the fourth LIGO science run have been used in this search. Three different
semi-coherent methods of summing strain power were applied. Observing no
evidence for periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits on strain
amplitude and interpret these limits to constrain radiation from rotating
neutron stars.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at Amaldi7, Sydney (July 2007
Possible Competing Order-Induced Fermi Arcs in Cuprate Superconductors
We investigate the scenario of competing order (CO) induced Fermi arcs and
pseudogap in cuprate superconductors. For hole-type cuprates, both phenomena as
a function of temperature and doping level can be accounted for if the CO
vanishes at above the superconducting transition and the CO
wave-vector Q is parallel to the antinodal direction. In contrast, the absence
of these phenomena and the non-monotonic d-wave gap in electron-type cuprates
may be attributed to and a CO wave-vector Q parallel to the
nodal direction.Comment: 6 pages and 5 figures, with one figure added in the updated version.
Accepted for publication in Solid State Communications, Fast Communications.
Corresponding author: Nai-Chang Yeh ([email protected]
Hierarchical Hough all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S5 data
We describe a new pipeline used to analyze the data from the fifth science
run (S5) of the LIGO detectors to search for continuous gravitational waves
from isolated spinning neutron stars. The method employed is based on the Hough
transform, which is a semi-coherent, computationally efficient, and robust
pattern recognition technique. The Hough transform is used to find signals in
the time-frequency plane of the data whose frequency evolution fits the pattern
produced by the Doppler shift imposed on the signal by the Earth's motion and
the pulsar's spin-down during the observation period. The main differences with
respect to previous Hough all-sky searches are described. These differences
include the use of a two-step hierarchical Hough search, analysis of
coincidences among the candidates produced in the first and second year of S5,
and veto strategies based on a test.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, Amaldi08 proceedings, submitted to JPC
Implications of the measured parameters of PSR J1903+0327 for its progenitor neutron star
Using the intrinsic PSR J1903+0327 parameters evaluated from radio
observations (mass, rotation period and dipole magnetic field deduced from the
timing properties) we calculate the mass of its neutron star progenitor, M_i,
at the onset of accretion. Simultaneously, we derive constraints on average
accretion rate Mdot and the pre-accretion magnetic field B_i. Spin-up is
modelled by accretion from a thin disk, using the magnetic-torque disk-pulsar
coupling model proposed by Kluzniak and Rappaport (2007), improved for the
existence of relativistic marginally-stable circular orbit. Orbital parameters
in the disk are obtained using the space-time generated by a rotating neutron
star in the framework of General Relativity. We employ an observationally
motivated model of the surface magnetic field decay. We also seek for the
imprint of the poorly known equation of state of dense matter on the spin-up
tracks - three equations of state of dense matter, consistent with the
existence of 2 Msun neutron star, are considered. We find that the minimum
average accretion rate should be larger than 2-8 10^(-10) Msun/yr, the highest
lower bound corresponding to the stiffest equation of state. We conclude that
the influence of magnetic field in the "recycling" process is crucial - it
leads to a significant decrease of spin-up rate and larger accreted masses, in
comparison to the B=0 model. Allowed B_i-dependent values of M_i are within
1.0-1.4 Msun, i.e., much lower than an oversimplified but widely used B=0
result, where one gets M_i>1.55 Msun. Estimated initial neutron-star mass
depends on the assumed dense-matter equation of state.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures; A&A accepte
First LIGO search for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic (super)strings
We report on a matched-filter search for gravitational wave bursts from
cosmic string cusps using LIGO data from the fourth science run (S4) which took
place in February and March 2005. No gravitational waves were detected in 14.9
days of data from times when all three LIGO detectors were operating. We
interpret the result in terms of a frequentist upper limit on the rate of
gravitational wave bursts and use the limits on the rate to constrain the
parameter space (string tension, reconnection probability, and loop sizes) of
cosmic string models.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Replaced with version submitted to PR
All-sky LIGO Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Early S5 Data
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic
gravitational waves in the frequency range 50--1100 Hz and with the frequency's
time derivative in the range -5.0E-9 Hz/s to zero. Data from the first eight
months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which
is based on a semi-coherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power.
Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95%
confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated
rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 1.E-24 are
obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous
searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100
over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial
ellipticity of 1.0E-6, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500
pc--a range that could encompass many undiscovered neutron stars, albeit only a
tiny fraction of which would likely be rotating fast enough to be accessible to
LIGO. This ellipticity is at the upper range thought to be sustainable by
conventional neutron stars and well below the maximum sustainable by a strange
quark star.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
- …