Transient radiation and conduction in a slotted slab and a hollow cylinder

Transient radiation and conduction in slotted slab and hollow cylinde

All-optical pulse reshaping and retiming systems incorporating pulse shaping fiber Bragg grating

This paper demonstrates two optical pulse retiming and reshaping systems incorporating superstructured fiber Bragg gratings (SSFBGs) as pulse shaping elements. A rectangular switching window is implemented to avoid conversion of the timing jitter on the original data pulses into pulse amplitude noise at the output of a nonlinear optical switch. In a first configuration, the rectangular pulse generator is used at the (low power) data input to a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) to perform retiming of an incident noisy data signal using a clean local clock signal to control the switch. In a second configuration, the authors further amplify the data signal and use it to switch a (low power) clean local clock signal. The S-shaped nonlinear characteristic of the NOLM results in this instance in a reduction of both timing and amplitude jitter on the data signal. The underlying technologies required for the implementation of this technique are such that an upgrade of the scheme for the regeneration of ultrahigh bit rate signals at data rates in excess of 320 Gb/s should be achievable

Novel Fiber Design for Wideband Conversion and Amplification in Multimode Fibers

We propose an operating principle to achieve broadband and highly tunable mode conversion and amplification exploiting inter-modal four wave mixing in a multimode fiber. A bandwidth of 30 nanometers is demonstrated by properly designing a simple step-index silica fiber.Comment: Ecoc conference 201

A reconfigurable optical header recognition system for optical packet routing applications

We demonstrate a reconfigurable all-optical packet processing system. The key device is a code-reconfigurable header decoder based on a fiber Bragg grating. The performance of the system is tested for different packet headers, and error-free operation is confirmed

Improvements in estimating proportions of objects from multispectral data

Methods for estimating proportions of objects and materials imaged within the instantaneous field of view of a multispectral sensor were developed further. Improvements in the basic proportion estimation algorithm were devised as well as improved alien object detection procedures. Also, a simplified signature set analysis scheme was introduced for determining the adequacy of signature set geometry for satisfactory proportion estimation. Averaging procedures used in conjunction with the mixtures algorithm were examined theoretically and applied to artificially generated multispectral data. A computationally simpler estimator was considered and found unsatisfactory. Experiments conducted to find a suitable procedure for setting the alien object threshold yielded little definitive result. Mixtures procedures were used on a limited amount of ERTS data to estimate wheat proportion in selected areas. Results were unsatisfactory, partly because of the ill-conditioned nature of the pure signature set

Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks

Network science is an interdisciplinary endeavor, with methods and applications drawn from across the natural, social, and information sciences. A prominent problem in network science is the algorithmic detection of tightly-connected groups of nodes known as communities. We developed a generalized framework of network quality functions that allowed us to study the community structure of arbitrary multislice networks, which are combinations of individual networks coupled through links that connect each node in one network slice to itself in other slices. This framework allows one to study community structure in a very general setting encompassing networks that evolve over time, have multiple types of links (multiplexity), and have multiple scales.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Includes main text and supporting material. This is the accepted version of the manuscript (the definitive version appeared in Science), with typographical corrections included her

Solar array subsystems study

The effects on life cycle costs of a number of technology areas are examined for a LEO, 500 kW solar array. A baseline system conceptual design is developed and the life cycle costs estimated in detail. The baseline system requirements and design technologies are then varied and their relationships to life cycle costs quantified. For example, the thermal characteristics of the baseline design are determined by the array materials and masses. The thermal characteristics in turn determine configuration, performance and hence life cycle cost

Rapidly reconfigurable optical phase encoder-decoders based on fiber Bragg gratings

We demonstrate the capacity for fast dynamic reconfiguration of optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) phase en/decoders based on fiber Bragg gratings and a thermal phase-tuning technique. The tuning time between two different phase codes is measured to be less than 2 s. An OCDMA system using tunable-phase decoders is compared with a system using fixed-phase decoders and, although the system using fixed-phase decoders exhibits a shorter output autocorrelation pulsewidth and lower sidelobes, the system using tunable-phase decoders has advantages of flexibility and a more relaxed requirement on the input pulsewidth

Methods of editing cloud and atmospheric layer affected pixels from satellite data

Subvisible cirrus clouds (SCi) were easily distinguished in mid-infrared (MIR) TIROS-N daytime data from south Texas and northeast Mexico. The MIR (3.55-3.93 micrometer) pixel digital count means of the SCi affected areas were more than 3.5 standard deviations on the cold side of the scene means. (These standard deviations were made free of the effects of unusual instrument error by factoring out the Ch 3 MIR noise on the basis of detailed examination of noisy and noise-free pixels). SCi affected areas in the IR Ch 4 (10.5-11.5 micrometer) appeared cooler than the general scene, but were not as prominent as in Ch 3, being less than 2 standard deviations from the scene mean. Ch 3 and 4 standard deviations and coefficients of variation are not reliable indicators, by themselves, of the presence of SCi because land features can have similar statistical properties

Editorial

We use a linear FROG technique based on electro-optic modulation to fully characterise for the first time pulses from a 1.06 µm FP laser diode and design a grating to provide optimum pulse compression