Galaxy Counterparts of metal-rich Damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers - I: The case of the z=2.35 DLA towards Q2222-0946

We have initiated a survey using the newly commissioned X-shooter spectrograph to target candidate relatively metal-rich damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs). The spectral coverage of X-shooter allows us to search for not only Lyman-alpha emission, but also rest-frame optical emission lines. We have chosen DLAs where the strongest rest-frame optical lines ([OII], [OIII], Hbeta and Halpha) fall in the NIR atmospheric transmission bands. In this first paper resulting from the survey, we report on the discovery of the galaxy counterpart of the z_abs = 2.354 DLA towards the z=2.926 quasar Q2222$-0946. This DLA is amongst the most metal-rich z>2 DLAs studied so far at comparable redshifts and there is evidence for substantial depletion of refractory elements onto dust grains. We measure metallicities from ZnII, SiII, NiII, MnII and FeII of -0.46+/-0.07, -0.51+/-0.06, -0.85+/-0.06, -1.23+/-0.06, and -0.99+/-0.06, respectively. The galaxy is detected in the Lyman-alpha, [OIII] lambda4959,5007 Halpha emission lines at an impact parameter of about 0.8 arcsec (6 kpc at z_abs = 2.354). We infer a star-formation rate of 10 M_sun yr^-1, which is a lower limit due to the possibility of slit-loss. Compared to the recently determined Halpha luminosity function for z=2.2 galaxies the DLA-galaxy counterpart has a luminosity of L~0.1L^*_Halpha. The emission-line ratios are 4.0 (Lyalpha/Halpha) and 1.2 ([OIII]/Halpha). The Lyalpha line shows clear evidence for resonant scattering effects, namely an asymmetric, redshifted (relative to the systemic redshift) component and a much weaker blueshifted component. The fact that the blueshifted component is relatively weak indicates the presence of a galactic wind. The properties of the galaxy counterpart of this DLA is consistent with the prediction that metal-rich DLAs are associated with the most luminous of the DLA-galaxy counterparts.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Cooling and the SU(2) Instanton Vaccuum

We present results of an investigation into the nature of instantons in 4-dimensional pure gauge lattice $SU(2)$\ obtained from configurations which have been cooled using an under-relaxed cooling algorithm. We discuss ways of calibrating the cooling and the effects of different degrees of cooling, and compare our data for the shapes, sizes and locations of instantons with continuum results. In this paper we extend the ideas and techniques developed by us for use in $O(3)$, and compare the results with those obtained by other groups.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, uuencoded compressed tarfile of figures sent separately. Full (compressed) postscript version (118k)available from ftp://rock.helsinki.fi/pub/preprints/tft/Year1995/HU-TFT-95-21/paper.ps.

Analytical and discrete solutions for the incipient motion of ellipsoidal sediment particles

[EN] This work introduces analytical and numerical approaches to compute the incipient motion of ellipsoidal sediment particles. Initiation of motion of spherical particles is dominated by rolling mode. However, solutions for initiation of motion for non-spherical grains have to incorporate rolling, sliding, and mixed modes. The proposed approaches include a wide variety of shapes and inclinations that represent realistic configurations of sediment bed layers. The numerical procedure is based on the discrete element method, simulating the micro-mechanics of the sediment as an aggregate of rigid ellipsoids interacting by contact. The numerical solution covers a range of incipient movements that cannot be covered by the analytical approach. Hence, some trapped modes observed in analytical calculations are complemented by the numerical computation of threshold stresses. The main results are organized as novel extended Shields diagrams for non-spherical grains, where non-dimensional critical shear stress is represented in terms of friction Reynolds number.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Grant [#BIA-2012-32918 and #BIA-2015-64994-P (MINECO/FEDER)].Bravo, R.; Ortiz, P.; Pérez-Aparicio, JL. (2018). Analytical and discrete solutions for the incipient motion of ellipsoidal sediment particles. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 56(1):29-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2017.1289263S2943561Belytschko, T., & Neal, M. O. (1991). Contact-impact by the pinball algorithm with penalty and Lagrangian methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 31(3), 547-572. doi:10.1002/nme.1620310309Bravo, R., Ortiz, P., & Pérez-Aparicio, J. L. (2014). Incipient sediment transport for non-cohesive landforms by the discrete element method (DEM). Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(4), 1326-1337. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2013.08.010Bravo, R., Pérez-Aparicio, J. L., & Gómez-Hernández, J. J. (2015). Numerical sedimentation particle-size analysis using the Discrete Element Method. Advances in Water Resources, 86, 58-72. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.024Bravo, R., Pérez-Aparicio, J. L., & Laursen, T. A. (2012). An energy consistent frictional dissipating algorithm for particle contact problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 92(9), 753-781. doi:10.1002/nme.4346Buffington, J. M., & Montgomery, D. R. (1997). A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers. Water Resources Research, 33(8), 1993-2029. doi:10.1029/96wr03190Cheng, N.-S., & Chiew, Y.-M. (1999). Incipient sediment motion with upward seepage. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 37(5), 665-681. doi:10.1080/00221689909498522Chiew, Y.-M., & Parker, G. (1994). Incipient sediment motion on non-horizontal slopes. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 32(5), 649-660. doi:10.1080/00221689409498706Derksen, J. J. (2015). Simulations of granular bed erosion due to a mildly turbulent shear flow. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 53(5), 622-632. doi:10.1080/00221686.2015.1077354Dey, S. (1999). Sediment threshold. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 23(5), 399-417. doi:10.1016/s0307-904x(98)10081-1Dey, S. (2003). Threshold of sediment motion on combined transverse and longitudinal sloping beds. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 41(4), 405-415. doi:10.1080/00221680309499985Dey, S., Sarker, H. K. D., & Debnath, K. (1999). Sediment Threshold under Stream Flow on Horizontal and Sloping Beds. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 125(5), 545-553. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1999)125:5(545)Hölzer, A., & Sommerfeld, M. (2008). New simple correlation formula for the drag coefficient of non-spherical particles. Powder Technology, 184(3), 361-365. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2007.08.021James, C. S. (1990). Prediction of entrainment conditions for nonuniform, noncohesive sediments. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(1), 25-41. doi:10.1080/00221689009499145Ji, C., Munjiza, A., Avital, E., Ma, J., & Williams, J. J. R. (2013). Direct numerical simulation of sediment entrainment in turbulent channel flow. Physics of Fluids, 25(5), 056601. doi:10.1063/1.4807075Klamkin, M. S. (1971). Elementary Approximations to the Area of N-Dimensional Ellipsoids. The American Mathematical Monthly, 78(3), 280. doi:10.2307/2317530Mandø, M., & Rosendahl, L. (2010). On the motion of non-spherical particles at high Reynolds number. Powder Technology, 202(1-3), 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2010.05.001MILLER, M. C., McCAVE, I. N., & KOMAR, P. D. (1977). Threshold of sediment motion under unidirectional currents. Sedimentology, 24(4), 507-527. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1977.tb00136.xWan Mohtar, W. H. M., & Munro, R. J. (2013). Threshold criteria for incipient sediment motion on an inclined bedform in the presence of oscillating-grid turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 25(1), 015103. doi:10.1063/1.4774341Ortiz, P., & Smolarkiewicz, P. K. (2006). Numerical simulation of sand dune evolution in severe winds. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 50(10), 1229-1246. doi:10.1002/fld.1138Ortiz, P., & Smolarkiewicz, P. K. (2009). Coupling the dynamics of boundary layers and evolutionary dunes. Physical Review E, 79(4). doi:10.1103/physreve.79.041307Van Rijn, L. C. (1984). Sediment Transport, Part I: Bed Load Transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110(10), 1431-1456. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1984)110:10(1431)Shi, G.-H., & Goodman, R. E. (1985). Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9(6), 541-556. doi:10.1002/nag.1610090604Shields, A. (1936). Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement (Tech. Rep.). Lab. for Hydraulic Water Resources.Wellmann, C., Lillie, C., & Wriggers, P. (2008). A contact detection algorithm for superellipsoids based on the common‐normal concept. Engineering Computations, 25(5), 432-442. doi:10.1108/02644400810881374Wiberg, P. L., & Smith, J. D. (1985). A theoretical model for saltating grains in water. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(C4), 7341. doi:10.1029/jc090ic04p0734

Independent measurement of the Hoyle state β\beta feeding from 12B using Gammasphere

Using an array of high-purity Compton-suppressed germanium detectors, we performed an independent measurement of the $\beta$-decay branching ratio from $^{12}\mathrm{B}$ to the second-excited (Hoyle) state in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. Our result is $0.64(11)\%$, which is a factor $\sim 2$ smaller than the previously established literature value, but is in agreement with another recent measurement. This could indicate that the Hoyle state is more clustered than previously believed. The angular correlation of the Hoyle state $\gamma$ cascade has also been measured for the first time. It is consistent with theoretical predictions

Calorons and localization of quark eigenvectors in lattice QCD

We analyze the localization properties for eigenvectors of the Dirac operator in quenched lattice QCD in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition. Studying the characteristic differences between the Z_3 sectors above the critical temperature T_c, we find indications for the presence of calorons.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Multimorbidity in bipolar disorder and under-treatment of cardiovascular disease: a cross sectional study

Background: Individuals with serious mental disorders experience poor physical health, especially increased rates of cardiometabolic morbidity and premature morbidity. Recent evidence suggests that individuals with schizophrenia have numerous comorbid physical conditions which may be under-recorded and under-treated but to date very few studies have explored this issue for bipolar disorder. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a dataset of 1,751,841 registered patients within 314 primary-care practices in Scotland, U.K. Bipolar disorder was identified using Read Codes recorded within electronic medical records. Data on 32 common chronic physical conditions were also assessed. Potential prescribing inequalities were evaluated by analyzing prescribing data for coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension. Results: Compared to controls, individuals with bipolar disorder were significantly less likely to have no recorded physical conditions (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.54-0.63) and significantly more likely to have one physical condition (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.39), two physical conditions (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.30-1.62) and three or more physical conditions (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30-1.64). People with bipolar disorder also had higher rates of thyroid disorders, chronic kidney disease, chronic pain, chronic obstructive airways disease and diabetes but, surprisingly, lower recorded rates of hypertension and atrial fibrillation. People with bipolar disorder and comorbid CHD or hypertension were significantly more likely to be prescribed no antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering medications compared to controls, and bipolar individuals with CHD or hypertension were significantly less likely to be on 2 or more antihypertensive agents. Conclusions: Individuals with bipolar disorder are similar to individuals with schizophrenia in having a wide range of comorbid and multiple physical health conditions. They are also less likely than controls to have a primary-care record of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Those with a recorded diagnosis of CHD or hypertension were less likely to be treated with cardiovascular medications and were treated less intensively. This study highlights the high physical healthcare needs of people with bipolar disorder, and provides evidence for a systematic under-recognition and under-treatment of cardiovascular disease in this group

MIR137 is an androgen regulated repressor of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators

Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in male development and the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The AR functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor which recruits multiple enzymatically distinct epigenetic coregulators to facilitate transcriptional regulation in response to androgens. Over-expression of AR coregulators is implicated in cancer. We have shown that over-expression of KDM1A, an AR coregulator, contributes to PCa recurrence by promoting VEGFA expression. However the mechanism(s) whereby AR coregulators are increased in PCa remain poorly understood. In this study we show that the microRNA hsa-miR-137 (miR137) tumor suppressor regulates expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators including KDM1A/LSD1/AOF1, KDM2A/JHDM1A/FBXL11, KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM5B JARID1B/PLU1, KDM7A/JHDM1D/PHF8, MED1/TRAP220/DRIP205 and NCoA2/SRC2/TIF2. We show that expression of miR137 is increased by androgen in LnCaP androgen PCa responsive cells and that the miR137 locus is epigenetically silenced in androgen LnCaP:C4-2 and PC3 independent PCa cells. In addition, we found that restoration of miR137 expression down-regulates expression of VEGFA, an AR target gene, which suggests a role of miR137 loss also in cancer angiogenesis. Finally we show functional inhibition of mIR137 function enhanced androgen induction of PSA/KLK3 expression. Our data indicate that miR137 functions as an androgen regulated suppressor of androgen signaling by modulating expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Therefore, we propose that epigenetic silencing of miR137 is an important event in promoting androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis and progression