37 research outputs found
Treatment duration of febrile urinary tract infection (FUTIRST trial): a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter trial comparing short (7 days) antibiotic treatment with conventional treatment (14 days)
Hepatic safety of antibiotics used in primary care
Antibiotics used by general practitioners frequently appear in adverse-event reports of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Most cases are idiosyncratic (the adverse reaction cannot be predicted from the drug's pharmacological profile or from pre-clinical toxicology tests) and occur via an immunological reaction or in response to the presence of hepatotoxic metabolites. With the exception of trovafloxacin and telithromycin (now severely restricted), hepatotoxicity crude incidence remains globally low but variable. Thus, amoxicillin/clavulanate and co-trimoxazole, as well as flucloxacillin, cause hepatotoxic reactions at rates that make them visible in general practice (cases are often isolated, may have a delayed onset, sometimes appear only after cessation of therapy and can produce an array of hepatic lesions that mirror hepatobiliary disease, making causality often difficult to establish). Conversely, hepatotoxic reactions related to macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones (in that order, from high to low) are much rarer, and are identifiable only through large-scale studies or worldwide pharmacovigilance reporting. For antibiotics specifically used for tuberculosis, adverse effects range from asymptomatic increases in liver enzymes to acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure. Yet, it is difficult to single out individual drugs, as treatment always entails associations. Patients at risk are mainly those with previous experience of hepatotoxic reaction to antibiotics, the aged or those with impaired hepatic function in the absence of close monitoring, making it important to carefully balance potential risks with expected benefits in primary care. Pharmacogenetic testing using the new genome-wide association studies approach holds promise for better understanding the mechanism(s) underlying hepatotoxicity
Eficiência relacionada à absorção e utilização de nitrogênio, fósforo e enxofre, em plantas de cafeeiros enxertadas, cultivadas em vasos
Polarimetric Calibration Monitoring by Permanent Scatterers
The PS calibration combines external devices, like corner
reflectors, transponders and the stable targets to provide
continuous monitoring of the radiometric quality of a SAR
instrument. The aim is to provide, on the bases of image
blocks (say 10 x 10 km), the precise geolocation and the
polarimetric signature of each scatterer. The scheme thus
requires (1) the identification of the stable targets, and (2) the
characterization of their Polarimetric scattering matrix by
external references. In that way, it would be possible to
calibrate even a dual polarimetric system
Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States in 1981.
The minimal inhibitory concentrations of nine antimicrobial agents was determined for over 750 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobic bacteria collected from nine centers in the United States during 1981. High resistance rates were documented for cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and tetracycline. Cefoxitin had the best activity of the beta-lactam antibiotics, whereas moxalactam and piperacillin had good activities. The resistance rate for clindamycin was 6%. There were no metronidazole- or chloramphenicol-resistant isolates encountered. There were significant differences in susceptibility among the various species of the B. fragilis group, particularly with moxalactam, cefoxitin, and clindamycin. Clustering of clindamycin-, piperacillin-, and cefoxitin-resistant isolates was observed at different hospitals. The variability of resistance rates with the beta-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin indicates that susceptibility testing of significant clinical isolates should be performed to define local resistance patterns