460 research outputs found
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIFUNGAL CHITINASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS JD-09 AND THEIR ROLE IN INHIBITION OF VIABLE FUNGAL GROWTH
Objective: Chitinase plays an important role against fungal pathogen and is a hopeful solution against fungal diseases. The main of this research is to screen a chitin degrading strain which can significantly used as biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum.
Methods: In the present study, chitinase producing bacteria were isolated from soil sample of crop field and identified based on biochemical observation and 16S rRNA analysis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by zymogram. The purified enzyme from identified strain JD-09 was tested for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum.
Results: Strain JD-09 was screened and identified as Bacillus subtilis. The strain exhibited a maximum chitinase production of 1.33 U/mL in colloidal chitin broth after 3 days of cultivation at 28 °C. The molecular weight of the chitinase was estimated to be 57 kDa, 39 kDa and 30.7 kDa. Hydrolysis products of the fungal cell wall by the purified enzymes of B. subtilis JD-09 were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified as oligosaccharides.
Conclusion: It can be interfered that Bacillus subtilis JD-09 may be an optimal candidate for use as an antifungal agent of Fusarium wilt in crops. The purified chitinase can be directly applied for suppressing growth of living fungal hyphae
Effect of Visual Skill Fitness Training Programme on Selected Psychomotor Variables of Male Volleyball Players
To achieve this purpose, 30 Volleyball players were selected randomly as subjects for this present study. The subjects selected (N=30), were assigned randomly into two groups namely experimental group-1and control group, consisting of 15 each. Thus they were named experimental group-1 as Visual Skills Fitness Training Group (VSFTG), and Control Group (CG). Their age was fixed in the range of 19 – 24 years. VSFTG underwent visual skill fitness training programme for two days a week for about twelve weeks. Subjects in the control group were not engaged in any activity. Before and after the training period data will be taken to all the subjects. The collected data were processed with Paired t-test was used. The obtained result was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study show that experimental group shows better improvement on selected psychomotor variables when compared to control group
Dichotomy in the Dynamical Status of Massive Cores in Orion
To study the evolution of high mass cores, we have searched for evidence of
collapse motions in a large sample of starless cores in the Orion molecular
cloud. We used the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory telescope to obtain
spectra of the optically thin (\H13CO+) and optically thick (\HCO+) high
density tracer molecules in 27 cores with masses 1 \Ms. The red- and
blue-asymmetries seen in the line profiles of the optically thick line with
respect to the optically thin line indicate that 2/3 of these cores are not
static. We detect evidence for infall (inward motions) in 9 cores and outward
motions for 10 cores, suggesting a dichotomy in the kinematic state of the
non-static cores in this sample. Our results provide an important observational
constraint on the fraction of collapsing (inward motions) versus non-collapsing
(re-expanding) cores for comparison with model simulations.Comment: 9 pages, 2 Figures. To appear in ApJ(Letters
A Herschel [C II] Galactic plane survey II: CO-dark H2 in clouds
ABRIDGED: Context: HI and CO large scale surveys of the Milky Way trace the
diffuse atomic clouds and the dense shielded regions of molecular hydrogen
clouds. However, until recently, we have not had spectrally resolved C+ surveys
to characterize the photon dominated interstellar medium, including, the H2 gas
without C, the CO-dark H2, in a large sample of clouds. Aims: To use a sparse
Galactic plane survey of the 1.9 THz [C II] spectral line from the Herschel
Open Time Key Programme, Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+ (GOT C+), to
characterize the H2 gas without CO in a statistically significant sample of
clouds. Methods: We identify individual clouds in the inner Galaxy by fitting
[CII] and CO isotopologue spectra along each line of sight. We combine these
with HI spectra, along with excitation models and cloud models of C+, to
determine the column densities and fractional mass of CO-dark H2 clouds.
Results: We identify 1804 narrow velocity [CII] interstellar cloud components
in different categories. About 840 are diffuse molecular clouds with no CO, 510
are transition clouds containing [CII] and 12CO, but no 13CO, and the remainder
are dense molecular clouds containing 13CO emission. The CO-dark H2 clouds are
concentrated between Galactic radii 3.5 to 7.5 kpc and the column density of
the CO-dark H2 layer varies significantly from cloud-to-cloud with an average
9X10^(20) cm-2. These clouds contain a significant fraction of CO-dark H2 mass,
varying from ~75% for diffuse molecular clouds to ~20% for dense molecular
clouds. Conclusions: We find a significant fraction of the warm molecular ISM
gas is invisible in HI and CO, but is detected in [CII]. The fraction of
CO-dark H2 is greatest in the diffuse clouds and decreases with increasing
total column density, and is lowest in the massive clouds.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (2014
Group-level Emotion Recognition using Transfer Learning from Face Identification
In this paper, we describe our algorithmic approach, which was used for
submissions in the fifth Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW 2017)
group-level emotion recognition sub-challenge. We extracted feature vectors of
detected faces using the Convolutional Neural Network trained for face
identification task, rather than traditional pre-training on emotion
recognition problems. In the final pipeline an ensemble of Random Forest
classifiers was learned to predict emotion score using available training set.
In case when the faces have not been detected, one member of our ensemble
extracts features from the whole image. During our experimental study, the
proposed approach showed the lowest error rate when compared to other explored
techniques. In particular, we achieved 75.4% accuracy on the validation data,
which is 20% higher than the handcrafted feature-based baseline. The source
code using Keras framework is publicly available.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication at ICMI17 (EmotiW Grand
Challenge
Spectroscopy and 3D imaging of the Crab nebula
Spectroscopy of the Crab nebula along different slit directions reveals the 3
dimensional structure of the optical nebula. On the basis of the linear radial
expansion result first discovered by Trimble (1968), we make a 3D model of the
optical emission. Results from a limited number of slit directions suggest that
optical lines originate from a complicated array of wisps that are located in a
rather thin shell, pierced by a jet. The jet is certainly not prominent in
optical emission lines, but the direction of the piercing is consistent with
the direction of the X-ray and radio jet. The shell's effective radius is ~ 79
seconds of arc, its thickness about a third of the radius and it is moving out
with an average velocity 1160 km/s.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ, 3D movie of the Crab nebula
available at http://www.fiz.uni-lj.si/~vidrih
Ionized gas at the edge of the Central Molecular Zone
To determine the properties of the ionized gas at the edge of the CMZ near
Sgr E we observed a small portion of the edge of the CMZ near Sgr E with
spectrally resolved [C II] 158 micron and [N II] 205 micron fine structure
lines at six positions with the GREAT instrument on SOFIA and in [C II] using
Herschel HIFI on-the-fly strip maps. We use the [N II] spectra along with a
radiative transfer model to calculate the electron density of the gas and the
[C II] maps to illuminate the morphology of the ionized gas and model the
column density of CO-dark H2. We detect two [C II] and [N II] velocity
components, one along the line of sight to a CO molecular cloud at -207 km/s
associated with Sgr E and the other at -174 km/s outside the edge of another CO
cloud. From the [N II] emission we find that the average electron density is in
the range of about 5 to 25 cm{-3} for these features. This electron density is
much higher than that of the warm ionized medium in the disk. The column
density of the CO-dark H layer in the -207 km/s cloud is about 1-2X10{21}
cm{-2} in agreement with theoretical models. The CMZ extends further out in
Galactic radius by 7 to 14 pc in ionized gas than it does in molecular gas
traced by CO. The edge of the CMZ likely contains dense hot ionized gas
surrounding the neutral molecular material. The high fractional abundance of N+
and high electron density require an intense EUV field with a photon flux of
order 1e6 to 1e7 photons cm{-2} s{-1}, and/or efficient proton charge exchange
with nitrogen, at temperatures of order 1e4 K, and/or a large flux of X-rays.
Sgr E is a region of massive star formation which are a potential sources of
the EUV radiation that can ionize the gas. In addition X-ray sources and the
diffuse X-ray emission in the CMZ are candidates for ionizing nitrogen.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Modelling an Efficient Hybrid Optimizer for Handling Vehicle Routing Problem
Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) like total routing distance, number of serve provisioning vehicles, and vehicles' waiting time are determined as the multi-objective constraints. Investigators pretend to handle these multi-constraint issues with the time window and fail to attain a prominent solution. Thus, there is a need for a global multi-objective vehicle routing solution. Here, a novel Particle Positioning Particle Swarm Optimization ( ) approach is designed to predict the robust route with the elimination of non-linearity measures. The linearity measure includes the movement of the vehicles, service time, and status of the move towards a particular direction. The lack of exploration and exploitation conditions during optimization is addressed with the inclusion of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). Therefore, the models attain a global solution with the least error rate. Simulation is done in MATLAB 2016b environment, and the experimental outcomes are compared with various approaches in large-scale and small-scale instances. The model intends to attain robustness and stability towards the measure in a linear manner. The model's time consumption and computational complexity are reduced with the adoption of a global routing-based optimization approach
A Sample of [CII] Clouds Tracing Dense Clouds in Weak FUV Fields observed by Herschel
The [CII] fine--structure line at 158um is an excellent tracer of the warm
diffuse gas in the ISM and the interfaces between molecular clouds and their
surrounding atomic and ionized envelopes. Here we present the initial results
from Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+ (GOTC+), a Herschel Key Project
devoted to study the [CII] fine structure emission in the galactic plane using
the HIFI instrument. We use the [CII] emission together with observations of CO
as a probe to understand the effects of newly--formed stars on their
interstellar environment and characterize the physical and chemical state of
the star-forming gas. We collected data along 16 lines--of--sight passing near
star forming regions in the inner Galaxy near longitudes 330 degrees and 20
degrees. We identify fifty-eight [CII] components that are associated with
high--column density molecular clouds as traced by 13CO emission. We combine
[CII], 12CO, and 13CO observations to derive the physical conditions of the
[CII]--emitting regions in our sample of high--column density clouds based on
comparison with results from a grid of Photon Dominated Region (PDR) models.
From this unbiased sample, our results suggest that most of [CII] emission
originates from clouds with H2 volume densities between 10e3.5 and 10e5.5 cm^-3
and weak FUV strength (CHI_0=1-10). We find two regions where our analysis
suggests high densities >10e5 cm^-3 and strong FUV fields (CHI=10e4-10e6),
likely associated with massive star formation. We suggest that [CII] emission
in conjunction with CO isotopes is a good tool to differentiate between regions
of massive star formation (high densities/strong FUV fields) and regions that
are distant from massive stars (lower densities/weaker FUV fields) along the
line--of--sightComment: To be published in A&A HIFI Special Editio
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