A Non-Cooperative Game Theoretical Approach For Power Control In Virtual MIMO Wireless Sensor Network

Power management is one of the vital issue in wireless sensor networks, where the lifetime of the network relies on battery powered nodes. Transmitting at high power reduces the lifetime of both the nodes and the network. One efficient way of power management is to control the power at which the nodes transmit. In this paper, a virtual multiple input multiple output wireless sensor network (VMIMO-WSN)communication architecture is considered and the power control of sensor nodes based on the approach of game theory is formulated. The use of game theory has proliferated, with a broad range of applications in wireless sensor networking. Approaches from game theory can be used to optimize node level as well as network wide performance. The game here is categorized as an incomplete information game, in which the nodes do not have complete information about the strategies taken by other nodes. For virtual multiple input multiple output wireless sensor network architecture considered, the Nash equilibrium is used to decide the optimal power level at which a node needs to transmit, to maximize its utility. Outcome shows that the game theoretic approach considered for VMIMO-WSN architecture achieves the best utility, by consuming less power.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Women in Silappathikaaram

Silappathikaaram was written in a way to make women proud. They found that Kannagi, Madhavi, and Gopperundevi had adapted to the environment of that time. Kannagi is bound to her husband and lives a submissive life. Kannagi is represented as a woman who regrets not being able to fulfil her household duties due to her husband's separation and who does not think of herself except for her husband's happiness. Although Madhavi was born into the courtesan clan, she did not want to live that life. Through Madhavi, Ilangovadikal has made the world aware of the destruction of Kovalan and the state of one-to-one chastity, and the Kanikaiyar clan women who lived as materialistic were also noble. Even though Kopperundevi is a queen, she does not accept her husband's fascination with the beauty of a dramatist. The king, however, is interested in alleviating his wife's anger. Ilangovadikalar opines that the wife is unable to live because of the husband's death and that Kopperundevi is also applauded for chastity by showing through the character of the queen. He crowned women's chastity by saying that the gods were subordinate to chastity and that the gods themselves came down and carried Kannaki in the Pushpaka Vimanam (chariot). In addition, he made Kannagi a deity and made the kings of many countries build temples and worship her. The honour of worshipping women belongs to only Ilangovadikal

Efficacy of first-line sodium thiosulphate administration in a case of potassium cyanide poisoning

Cyanide poisoning may occur following accidental fire-smoke inhalation or deliberate ingestion of salts. Hydroxocobalamin represents a first-line life-saving antidote. Although hydroxocobalamin represents a first-line lifesaving antidote, it is still not promptly available in the emergency department. Sodium thiosulfate can be administered in association with hydroxocobalamin whereas the delayed onset of clinical response makes sodium thiosulfate less suitable for emergency use. We describe a case of cyanide intoxication of a 43-year-old man who ingested an unknown amount of potassium cyanide, purchased via the Internet, in an attempted suicide. At admission to the emergency department, the patient presented GCS 3 with severe lactic acidosis. Orotracheal intubation, gastric lavage and oral activated charcoal were applied. Sodium thiosulfate was available in the emergency department and 10 grams were infused over a 30 minute period. Hydroxocobalamin was prescribed by the poison control centre and 5 grams were infused 2 hours after admission. Following sodium thiosulfate administration the patient was arousable and lactate concentration improved. No adverse effects were noted. Metabolic acidosis completely resolved 12 hours later. Cyanide concentration performed on blood samples collected at admission confirmed high cyanide blood levels (15 mg/L). This report highlights as the first-line administration of sodium thiosulfate, in rapid infusion, resulted effective and safe for cyanide poisoning. Our report suggests that sodium thiosulfate should be considered when hydroxocobalamin is not promptly available in an emergency settin

Caloric stimulation of ampullar receptors: a new method to produce mechanically-evoked responses in frog semicircular canals

A microthermistor positioned close to the exposed posterior semicircular canal in isolated labyrinth preparations of the frog was used to stimulate the sensory organ. Our results indicated that, depending on the position of the heater, the induced endolymphatic convection currents may result in either excitatory or inhibitory cupular deflections and thus in a modulation of ampullar receptor resting activity. Other possible thermal-dependent mechanisms, such as a direct action of the stimulus on vestibular sensors or endolymphatic volume changes, had, in the present experimental conditions, a minor role. Caloric stimulation could therefore represent a novel method to stimulate the semicircular canals 'in situ'

Clinical use of Heliox in Asthma and COPD

Heliox is a low density gas mixture of helium and oxygen commonly used in deep diving (> 6 ATM). This mixture has been also used for clinical purposes, particularly in the critical care setting. Due to of its physical proprieties, Heliox breathing reduces air flow resistances within the bronchial tree; in patients with obstructive lung diseases Heliox may also reduce the work of breathing and improve pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. Beneficial effects have been documented in severe asthma attacks and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A reduction in WOB during mechanical ventilation and an increase in exercise endurance capacity have also been described in COPD. Heliox has been also used in the treatment of upper airways obstruction, bronchiolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite the encouraging results, Heliox use in routine practice remains controversial because of technical implications and high costs

ROAD ACCIDENT MODELS FOR LARGE METROPOLITAN CITIES OF INDIA

In most of the metropolitan cities in India, the road use patterns are very different from those of developed countries. In Indian cities, roads are shared by non- motorized vehicles in large numbers. The rapid urbanization in India after independence has resulted in the faster development of 23 metropolitan cities as per the 2001 census. While the alarming increase in road accidents has become a major concern in the country, which takes away more than 90,000 lives every year, a significant share of it is from the major cities. The aim of the present paper is to develop models by analyzing the road accident data at an all India level as well as for major metropolitan cities. The data for the 25 year period from 1977 to 2001 were analyzed to build models to understand the nature and extent of the causes of accidents using the concept of Smeed's formula and Andressen's equations. On the basis of population and motor vehicle growth rates, which were derived from the empirical formulae, the above models were used for estimating road accidents in seven metropolitan cities for the years 2007 and 2010. As the variation between model and observed values is negligible, models seem to perform well for both equations. Document type: Articl

PIXE and ToF-SIMS analysis of streaker samplers filters

This paper presents methodological innovations introduced in the characterisation of urban aerosol collected in Italy in a recent campaign. Two complementary ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques were used to analyse Nuclepore filters used in continuous streaker samplers to collect airborne particles in four Italian towns. Na to Pb elemental concentrations were obtained by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), while time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) produced, on the same samples, time trends for several elements and molecular fragments. In addition, light attenuation measurements were used as a tracer for black carbon. The data produced by these three techniques was merged into a unique data set to address the characterisation of particulate matter sources. Correlations between elemental concentration trends (PIXE) and relative trends for molecular fragments (ToF-SIMS) and black carbon (light attenuation) have been studied by cluster and principal component analysis