42 research outputs found
Magnitude and factors associated with nonadherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in Africa: A crossâsectional multisite study
Objectives The epilepsy treatment gap is large in lowâ and middleâincome countries, but the reasons behind nonadherence to treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) across African countries remain unclear. We investigated the extent to which AEDs are not taken and associated factors in people with active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) identified in crossâsectional studies conducted in five African countries. Methods We approached 2,192 people with a confirmed diagnosis of ACE for consent to give blood voluntarily. Participants were asked if they were taking AEDs, and plasma drug concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay analyzer. Information about possible risk factors was collected using questionnaireâbased clinical interviews. We determined factors associated with nonadherence to AED treatment in children and adults, as measured by detectable and optimal levels, using multilevel logistic regression. Results In 1,303 samples assayed (43.7% were children), AEDs were detected in 482, but only 287 had optimal levels. Of the 1,303 samples, 532 (40.8%) were from people who had reported they were on AEDs. The overall prevalence of nonadherence to treatment was 63.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.5â65.6%) as measured by detectable AED levels and 79.1% (95% CI 73.3â84.3%) as measured by optimal AED levels; selfâreported nonadherence was 65.1% (95% CI 45.0â79.5%). Nonadherence was significantly (p < 0.001) more common among the children than among adults for optimal and detectable levels of AEDs, as was the selfâreported nonadherence. In children, lack of previous hospitalization and learning difficulties were independently associated with nonadherence to treatment. In adults, history of delivery at home, absence of burn marks, and not seeking traditional medicine were independently associated with the nonadherence to AED treatment. Significance Only about 20% of people with epilepsy benefit fully from antiepileptic drugs in subâSaharan Africa, according to optimum AEDs levels. Children taking AEDs should be supervised to promote compliance
Journalists in Switzerland. Structure and Attitudes
Results of a survey of Swiss Journalists
The Planning And The Operating Career Of Staff
PrĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ systĂ©mem rozvoje kariĂ©ry zamÄstnancĆŻ. VychĂĄzĂ z ÄinnostĂ a subjektĆŻ, kterĂ© jsou souÄĂĄstĂ tohoto systĂ©mu. ZmiĆuje se o etapĂĄch ĆŸivota lidĂ, kterĂ© se prolĂnajĂ s pracovnĂ kariĂ©rou jedincĆŻ. VÄnuje se i dalĆĄĂm faktorĆŻm, kterĂ© pĆŻsobĂ na vĂœvoj pracovnĂ kariĂ©ry. DĂĄle uvĂĄdĂ procesy plĂĄnovĂĄnĂ a ĆĂzenĂ kariĂ©ry, kterĂ© jsou souÄĂĄstĂ personĂĄlnĂch ÄinnostĂ. Na zĂĄvÄr se snaĆŸĂ teorii ovÄĆit i porovnĂĄnĂm s praxĂ