Soft gamma rays from black holes versus neutron stars

The recent launches of GRANAT and GRO provide unprecedented opportunities to study compact collapsed objects from their hard x ray and gamma ray emissions. The spectral range above 100 keV can now be explored with much higher sensitivity and time resolution than before. The soft gamma ray spectral data is reviewed of black holes and neutron stars, radiation, and particle energization mechanisms and potentially distinguishing gamma ray signatures. These may include soft x ray excesses versus deficiencies, thermal versus nonthermal processes, transient gamma ray bumps versus power law tails, lines, and periodicities. Some of the highest priority future observations are outlines which will shed much light on such systems

Analisis Permintaan dan Penawaran Beras di Propinsi Jambi

The rice production growth that was gotten by Jambi Province with production growth rate of 0,54% can not fully contribute society need that was continuously increasing. Therefore, it can cause unbalance between supply and demand. The objective of research is to know the picture of rice supply and demand and influenced variables on rice supply and demand in Jambi. The simultan model was used to predict factors that influenced rice supply and demand. The research was conducted in Jambi Province on September to December 2009. The primary data needed in this research was time series data from 1996 – 2008. The research result showed that simultaneously rice price factor, the number population and income per capita was significant on demand. And also factor of average rice price, Bangkok rice price, import rice price, hybrid seed, acreage, season, and time trend were influencing significantly on supply. From elasticity value was fortunately all variables that was influencing rice demand and supply in Jambi Province was inelastic

Analisis Pendapatan USAhatani Kentang di Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan USAhatani kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua Desa yang ada di Kecamatan Jangkat dengan menggunakan 72 petani sampel yang terdiri dari 34 petani di Desa Pulau Tengah, dan 38 petani di Desa Renah Alai. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa rata-rata produksi USAhatani kentang di Kecamatan Jangkat sebesar 15.211 kg per hektar per musim tanam. Pendapatan USAhatani kentang di daerah penelitian per musim tanam sebesar Rp. 23.438.004 per musim tanam, sedangkan pendapatan USAhatani kentang per hektar per musim tanam sebesar Rp. 24.521.148 per hektar per musim tanam

Creation of Magnetized Jet Using a Ring of Laser Beams

We propose a new way of generating magnetized supersonic jets using a ring laser to irradiate a flat surface target. Using 2D FLASH code simulations which include the Biermann Battery term, we demonstrate that strong toroidal fields can be generated and sustained downstream in the collimated jet outflow far from the target surface. The field strength can be controlled by varying the ring laser separation, thereby providing a versatile laboratory platform for studying the effects of magnetic field in a variety of astrophysical settings.Comment: Published in HEDP, 2015, High Energy Density Physics, 17, 4

Análisis de los proyectos del sector agropecuario financiados por Colciencias durante el año 2010

Objetivo. Analizar los proyectos del sector agropecuario financiados por Colciencias durante el año 2010. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó la base de datos de registro de proyectos correspondientes al Programa Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuarias para identificar las propuestas presentadas, elegibles y financiadas de las convocatorias del año 2010. Los proyectos se clasificaron con base en la nomenclatura Internacional de la UNESCO para los campos de la ciencia y la tecnología. Se identificó la convocatoria, campos, disciplinas, rama productiva, entidades participantes, departamento de ejecución y montos financiados. Resultados. Durante el año 2010 Colciencias recibió un total de 4.725 propuestas para financiación, de éstas, 790 correspondieron al Programa Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuaria. Las disciplinas de los proyectos financiados, fueron en su mayoría pertenecientes al subsector agrícola, seguido por el pecuario y el agroindustrial. Las universidades públicas fueron el tipo de entidad ejecutora al que se le financió un mayor número de proyectos. Los departamentos en los cuales se ejecutó la mayoría de las propuestas financiadas fueron Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Boyacá y Tolima. Conclusiones. El Programa Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuaria recibió el 16.7% del total de proyectos recibidos por Colciencias en sus convocatorias del año 2010. El mayor número de proyectos recibidos, elegibles y financiables fueron del subsector agrícola y estuvieron presentados y ejecutados por universidades públicas. La inversión total de Colciencias en proyectos del sector agropecuario fue de $32.923.594.000 con un aporte de contrapartida de$33.225.740.000

The Effect of Temulawak Extract on Alkohol Fermentation From Molase Substrate by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Temulawak dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nafsu makan dan pelindung hati bagi manusia. Ekstrak Temulawak memiliki potensi sebagai antimikrobia dalam konsentrasi yang besar. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sari temulawak dalam proses fermentasi alkohol dari molase menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae komersial, dan berharap adanya peningkatan konsumsi gula- molase yang diiringi peningkatan alkohol oelah adanya peningkatan nafsu makan khamir. Substrat larutan molase 30% sebanyak 300 ml ditambah sari temulawak pekat (10, 20, 30,40 ml/ per 300 ml) diulang dua kali, kemudian ditambah 1 gram Saccharomyces cerevisiae lalu diinkubasikan dengan kondisi suhu kamar dan karbondioksida ditampung dalam akuades. Parameter yang diukur adalah total sel, pH, kadar gula metode spektrofotometri, kadar karbondioksida secara titrimetri, dan total akolhol metode gas kromatografi setelah tujuh hari fermentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada Perubahan yangbtidak signifikan pada total sel khamir, pH dan residu gula, sedangkan Perubahan yang nyata pada produksi karbodioksida (meningkat sampai tiga kali lipat), dan alkohol ( menurun sampai 3%) pada pada penambahan sari temulawak 20 dan 40ml. Simpulannya sari temulawak tidak membunuh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan menyebabkan Perubahan fermentasi alkohol akibat penambahan sari temulawak, namun tidak ada pola yang jelas

An SU(5)⊗\otimesZ_{13} Grand Unification Model

We propose an SU(5) grand unified model with an invisible axion and the unification of the three coupling constants which is in agreement with the values, at $M_Z$, of $\alpha$, $\alpha_s$, and $\sin^2\theta_W$. A discrete, anomalous, $Z_{13}$ symmetry implies that the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is an automatic symmetry of the classical Lagrangian protecting, at the same time, the invisible axion against possible semi-classical gravity effects. Although the unification scale is of the order of the Peccei-Quinn scale the proton is stabilized by the fact that in this model the standard model fields form the SU(5) multiplets completed by new exotic fields and, also, because it is protected by the $Z_{13}$ symmetry.Comment: 14 pages, more typos correcte

Potential Vorticity Evolution of a Protoplanetary Disk with An Embedded Protoplanet

We present two-dimensional inviscid hydrodynamic simulations of a protoplanetary disk with an embedded planet, emphasizing the evolution of potential vorticity (the ratio of vorticity to density) and its dependence on numerical resolutions. By analyzing the structure of spiral shocks made by the planet, we show that progressive changes of the potential vorticity caused by spiral shocks ultimately lead to the excitation of a secondary instability. We also demonstrate that very high numerical resolution is required to both follow the potential vorticity changes and identify the location where the secondary instability is first excited. Low-resolution results are shown to give the wrong location. We establish the robustness of a secondary instability and its impact on the torque onto the planet. After the saturation of the instability, the disk shows large-scale non-axisymmetry, causing the torque on the planet to oscillate with large amplitude. The impact of the oscillating torque on the protoplanet's migration remains to be investigated.Comment: 17 pages total with 9 figures (Fig.4,5,9 are in .jpg), accepted to Ap