Possibilities for pedagogy in Further Education: Harnessing the abundance of literacy

In this report, it is argued that the most salient factor in the contemporary communicative landscape is the sheer abundance and diversity of possibilities for literacy, and that the extent and nature of students' communicative resources is a central issue in education. The text outlines the conceptual underpinnings of the Literacies for Learning in Further Education project in a social view of literacy, and the associated research design, methodology and analytical framework. It elaborates on the notion of the abundance of literacies in students' everyday lives, and on the potential for harnessing these as resources for the enhancement of learning. It provides case studies of changes in practice that have been undertaken by further education staff in order to draw upon students' everyday literacy practices on Travel and Tourism and Multimedia courses. It ends with some of the broad implications for conceptualising learning that arise from researching through the lens of literacy practices

A systematic review and economic evaluation of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy in adults and children with seasonal allergic rhinitis

© Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2013Severe allergic rhinitis uncontrolled by conventional medication can substantially affect quality of life. Immunotherapy involves administering increasing doses of a specific allergen, with the aim of reducing sensitivity and symptomatic reactions. Recent meta-analyses have concluded that both subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms. It is uncertain which route of administration is more effective and whether or not treatment is cost-effective.National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programm

RR Lyrae Stars in NGC 6388 and NGC 6441: A New Oosterhoff Group?

NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 are anomalies among Galactic globular clusters in that they cannot be readily place into either Oosterhoff group I or Oosterhoff group II despite their significant numbers of RR Lyrae variables. The mean pulsation periods, , of their RRab variables, at 0.71 d and 0.76 d, respectively, are even larger than for Oosterhoff II clusters. Moreover, Oosterhoff II clusters are very metal-poor, whereas NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 are the most metal-rich globular clusters known to contain RR Lyrae stars. The location of the NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 RRab variables in the period-amplitude diagram implies that the RR Lyrae stars in those two clusters are brighter than expected for their metallicities. Our results therefore indicate that a universal relationship may not exist between the luminosity and the metallicity of RR Lyrae variables.Comment: Four pages, three figures. ApJ (Letters), in pres

The contribution of statistical physics to evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology shares many concepts with statistical physics: both deal with populations, whether of molecules or organisms, and both seek to simplify evolution in very many dimensions. Often, methodologies have undergone parallel and independent development, as with stochastic methods in population genetics. We discuss aspects of population genetics that have embraced methods from physics: amongst others, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, travelling waves, and Monte-Carlo methods have been used to study polygenic evolution, rates of adaptation, and range expansions. These applications indicate that evolutionary biology can further benefit from interactions with other areas of statistical physics, for example, by following the distribution of paths taken by a population through time.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, glossary. Accepted in Trend in Ecology and Evolution (to appear in print in August 2011

Imaging in gynecological disease: clinical and ultrasound characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformations

Objective: To describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformations (ACUMs). Methods: This was a single-center observational study of consecutive patients diagnosed with an ACUM, who had undergone an ultrasound examination by an experienced ultrasound examiner between January 2013 and May 2019, identified retrospectively from medical records. ACUM was diagnosed when a cavitated lesion with a myometrial mantle and echogenic contents was seen within the anterolateral wall of the myometrium beneath the insertion of the round ligament. In all women, presenting symptoms and clinical history were recorded along with detailed descriptions of the lesions and any concomitant pelvic abnormalities. Results: Twenty patients diagnosed with an ACUM were identified. Median age was 29.2 (interquartile range, 25.0–35.8) years. None of the women was premenarchal or postmenopausal. All of the women reported painful periods or pelvic pain and none of them reported subfertility. Twelve of the ACUMs were in the right anterolateral myometrium and eight were in the left anterolateral myometrium. Both a myometrial mantle and a fluid-filled cavity were considered to be defining features on ultrasound. The fluid contained within the cavity was either echogenic with a ground-glass appearance or hyperechoic. All of the lesions were spherical in shape. The Doppler flow seen in the outer rim was not markedly different from that of the surrounding myometrium, and the content of the cavity was avascular on Doppler examination. The mean outer cavity diameter of the ACUMs was 22.8 (95% CI, 20.9–24.8) mm and the mean internal cavity diameter was 14.1 (95% CI, 12.2–16.1) mm. Four women opted for transvaginal ultrasound-guided alcohol sclerotherapy. Surgical excision was carried out in eight cases, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination in all of them. Conclusions: ACUMs are a uterine abnormality with a distinct ultrasound appearance, which are associated with dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Knowledge of their typical appearance on ultrasound could facilitate early detection and treatment. There are several treatment options for ACUM, ranging from simple analgesia to complete excision. Further prospective and longitudinal studies are required to study the prevalence and natural history of this condition. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecolog

Adaptations of Lumbar Biomechanics after Four Weeks of Running Training with Minimalist Footwear and Technique guidance: Implications for Running-Related Lower Back Pain

Objectives To investigate the changes in lumbar kinematic and paraspinal muscle activation before, during, and after a 4-week minimalist running training. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting University research laboratory. Participants Seventeen habitually shod recreational runners who run 10–50 km per week. Main outcome measures During stance phases of running, sagittal lumbar kinematics was recorded using an electrogoniometer, and activities of the lumbar paraspinal muscles were assessed by electromyography. Runners were asked to run at a prescribed speed (3.1 m/s) and a self-selected speed. Results For the 3.1 m/s running speed, significant differences were found in the calculated mean lumbar posture (p = 0.001) during the stance phase, including a more extended lumbar posture after minimalist running training. A significant reduction in the contralateral lumbar paraspinal muscle activation was also observed (p = 0.039). For the preferred running speed, similar findings of a more extended lumbar posture (p = 0.002) and a reduction in contralateral lumbar paraspinal muscle activation (p = 0.047) were observed. Conclusion A 4-week minimalist running training program produced significant changes in lumbar biomechanics during running. Specifically, runners adopted a more extended lumbar posture and reduced lumbar paraspinal muscle activation. These findings may have clinical implications for treating individuals with running-related lower back pain

Analytic Metaphysics versus Naturalized Metaphysics: The Relevance of Applied Ontology

The relevance of analytic metaphysics has come under criticism: Ladyman & Ross, for instance, have suggested do discontinue the field. French & McKenzie have argued in defense of analytic metaphysics that it develops tools that could turn out to be useful for philosophy of physics. In this article, we show first that this heuristic defense of metaphysics can be extended to the scientific field of applied ontology, which uses constructs from analytic metaphysics. Second, we elaborate on a parallel by French & McKenzie between mathematics and metaphysics to show that the whole field of analytic metaphysics, being useful not only for philosophy but also for science, should continue to exist as a largely autonomous field

Discovery of > 200 RR Lyrae Variables in M62: An Oosterhoff I Globular Cluster with a Predominantly Blue HB

We report on the discovery of a large number of RR Lyrae variable stars in the moderately metal-rich Galactic globular cluster M62 (NGC 6266), which places it among the top three most RR Lyrae-rich globular clusters known. Likely members of the cluster in our studied field, from our preliminary number counts, include about 130 fundamental-mode (RRab) pulsators, with = 0.548 d, and about 75 first-overtone (RRc) pulsators, with = 0.300 d. The average periods and the position of the RRab variables with well-defined light curves in the Bailey diagram both suggest that the cluster is of Oosterhoff type I. However, the morphology of the cluster's horizontal branch (HB) is strikingly similar to that of the Oosterhoff type II globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078), with a dominant blue HB component and a very extended blue tail. Since M15 and M62 differ in metallicity by about one dex, we conclude that metallicity, at a fixed HB type, is a key parameter determining the Oosterhoff status of a globular cluster and the position of its variables in the Bailey diagram.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. ApJ Letters, in pres