Labile and recalcitrant carbon in crop residue and soil under no-till practices in central region of Argentina

We evaluated the effects of the amount and type of C compounds (labile/recalcitrant) of crop residues on the soil organic matter (SOM) components under no-tillage practices in semiarid region of Argentina, with the aim of establishing criteria for sustainable agriculture. Five agricultural situations were evaluated: soybean/wheat rotation (wheat crop and at bare fallow); soybean monoculture; soybean/maize rotation and maize/wheat/potato rotations with biannual ploughing. In each situation crop residues and soil samples were collected. In residue samples, biomass (total and components), organic carbon, insoluble fibers, and soluble C compounds were evaluated. In soil samples total SOM, non-humic substances (NHS), humic substances (HS), humic (HA), and fulvic acids (FA) were analyzed. The total biomass and its components differed among situations and were lower in the situation with plough, while the fiber contents were higher in situations that includes wheat crop. Total SOM, NHS, HA content were higher in the plowed situation (57.20 g kg -1 , 47.30 g kg -1 , 7.80 g kg -1 respectively). We concluded that the total SOM quantity in continuous no-tillage is not affected by the different crop rotations and sequences, but the HA quantity (stable SOM) seems to be favored by the high recalcitrant compounds amount of the crop residues (particularly wheat). For these reasons, the following criteria for sustainable agriculture management in semiarid zones can be suggested: a) continuous no-tillage utilization; b) summer crop annual rotations; and c) winter wheat crop instead of bare fallow.publishedVersionFil: Abril, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina.Fil: Casado Murillo, Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina.Fil: Vázquez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina.Fil: Olivera, P. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Comprehensive transient-state study for CARMENES-NIR high thermal stability

CARMENES has been proposed as a next-generation instrument for the 3.5m Calar Alto Telescope. Its objective is finding habitable exoplanets around M dwarfs through radial velocity measurements (m/s level) in the near-infrared. Consequently, the NIR spectrograph is highly constraint regarding thermal/mechanical requirements. As a first approach, the thermal stability has been limited to \pm 0.01K (within year period) over a working temperature of 243K. This can be achieved by means of several temperature-controlled rooms. The options considered to minimise the complexity of the thermal design are here presented, as well as the transient-state thermal analyses realised to make the best choice

T35: a small automatic telescope for long-term observing campaigns

The T35 is a small telescope (14") equipped with a large format CCD camera installed in the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) in Southern Spain. This telescope will be a useful tool for the detecting and studying pulsating stars, particularly, in open clusters. In this paper, we describe the automation process of the T35 and show also some images taken with the new instrumentation.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the special issue "Robotic Astronomy" of Advances of Astronom

Energy Deposition around Swift Carbon-Ion Tracks in Liquid Water

Energetic carbon ions are promising projectiles used for cancer radiotherapy. A thorough knowledge of how the energy of these ions is deposited in biological media (mainly composed of liquid water) is required. This can be attained by means of detailed computer simulations, both macroscopically (relevant for appropriately delivering the dose) and at the nanoscale (important for determining the inflicted radiobiological damage). The energy lost per unit path length (i.e., the so-called stopping power) of carbon ions is here theoretically calculated within the dielectric formalism from the excitation spectrum of liquid water obtained from two complementary approaches (one relying on an optical-data model and the other exclusively on ab initio calculations). In addition, the energy carried at the nanometre scale by the generated secondary electrons around the ion's path is simulated by means of a detailed Monte Carlo code. For this purpose, we use the ion and electron cross sections calculated by means of state-of-the art approaches suited to take into account the condensed-phase nature of the liquid water target. As a result of these simulations, the radial dose around the ion's path is obtained, as well as the distributions of clustered events in nanometric volumes similar to the dimensions of DNA convolutions, contributing to the biological damage for carbon ions in a wide energy range, covering from the plateau to the maximum of the Bragg peak

Field induced magnetic transition and metastability in Co substituted Mn2SbMn_{2}Sb

A detailed investigation of first order ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in Co (15%) doped $Mn_2Sb$ is carried out. These measurements demonstrate anomalous thermomagnetic irreversibility and glass-like frozen FRI phase at low temperatures. The irreversibility arising between the supercooling and superheating spinodals is distinguised in an ingenious way from the irreversibility arising due to kinetic arrest. Field annealing measurements shows reentrant FRI-AFM-FRI transition with increasing temperature. These measurements also show that kinetic arrest band and supercooling band are anitcorrelated i.e regions which are kinetically arrested at higher temperature have lower supercooling temperature and vice versa.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Persistence modules, shape description, and completeness

Persistence modules are algebraic constructs that can be used to describe the shape of an object starting from a geometric representation of it. As shape descriptors, persistence modules are not complete, that is they may not distinguish non-equivalent shapes. In this paper we show that one reason for this is that homomorphisms between persistence modules forget the geometric nature of the problem. Therefore we introduce geometric homomorphisms between persistence modules, and show that in some cases they perform better. A combinatorial structure, the $H_0$-tree, is shown to be an invariant for geometric isomorphism classes in the case of persistence modules obtained through the 0th persistent homology functor

Burnout subtypes and their clinical implications: A theoretical proposal for specific therapeutic approaches

Abstract: Burnout is associated with a poor perception of health status, psychosomatic disorders and physical illness. The aim of this study is to construct a comprehensive theoretical proposal for a therapeutic intervention that is sensitive to the different clinical manifestations of this state. In order to do this, the frenetic, under-challenged and worn-out subtypes of burnout are presented in a systematic manner, together with the interventions that may provide suitable management for each subtype. Said clinical profiles may represent different stages in the progression of burnout, and have specific dysfunctional mechanisms that require a choice of adjusted intervention strategies according to the characteristics of each particular case. Finally, the degree of dedication to work and its clinical repercussions are put forward as a hypothesis to explain the progressive impairment caused by burnout, and as a target on which primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies could be founded.Resumen: Subtipos de burnout e implicaciones clínicas: Una propuesta teórica basada en abordajes terapéuticos específicos. El burnout se asocia con un peor estatus de salud percibida, trastornos psicosomáticos y enfermedades físicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es articular una propuesta teórica comprehensiva de intervención terapéutica sensible a las diferen­tes manifestaciones clínicas de dicho estado. Para ello, se presentan de forma sistemática los subtipos de burnout frenético, sin-desafíos y desgastado, así como las intervenciones que pueden proporcionar un adecuado manejo de cada subtipo. Dichos perfiles clínicos parecen representar momentos diferentes en la progresión del burnout, con mecanismos disfuncionales especí­ficos, que obligan a optar por estrategias de intervención ajustadas a las características de cada caso en particular. Finalmente, se propone el grado de dedicación en el trabajo, y sus repercusiones clínicas, como hipótesis para explicar la progresiva erosión que supone el burnout, y como eje sobre el que fundamentar las estrategias de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria.Abstract: Burnout is associated with a poor perception of health status, psychosomatic disorders and physical illness. The aim of this study is to construct a comprehensive theoretical proposal for a therapeutic intervention that is sensitive to the different clinical manifestations of this state. In order to do this, the frenetic, under-challenged and worn-out subtypes of burnout are presented in a systematic manner, together with the interventions that may provide suitable management for each subtype. Said clinical profiles may represent different stages in the progression of burnout, and have specific dysfunctional mechanisms that require a choice of adjusted intervention strategies according to the characteristics of each particular case. Finally, the degree of dedication to work and its clinical repercussions are put forward as a hypothesis to explain the progressive impairment caused by burnout, and as a target on which primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies could be founded.Resumen: Subtipos de burnout e implicaciones clínicas: Una propuesta teórica basada en abordajes terapéuticos específicos. El burnout se asocia con un peor estatus de salud percibida, trastornos psicosomáticos y enfermedades físicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es articular una propuesta teórica comprehensiva de intervención terapéutica sensible a las diferen­tes manifestaciones clínicas de dicho estado. Para ello, se presentan de forma sistemática los subtipos de burnout frenético, sin-desafíos y desgastado, así como las intervenciones que pueden proporcionar un adecuado manejo de cada subtipo. Dichos perfiles clínicos parecen representar momentos diferentes en la progresión del burnout, con mecanismos disfuncionales especí­ficos, que obligan a optar por estrategias de intervención ajustadas a las características de cada caso en particular. Finalmente, se propone el grado de dedicación en el trabajo, y sus repercusiones clínicas, como hipótesis para explicar la progresiva erosión que supone el burnout, y como eje sobre el que fundamentar las estrategias de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria

Assessment of transcript reconstruction methods for RNA-seq

We evaluated 25 protocol variants of 14 independent computational methods for exon identification, transcript reconstruction and expression-level quantification from RNA-seq data. Our results show that most algorithms are able to identify discrete transcript components with high success rates but that assembly of complete isoform structures poses a major challenge even when all constituent elements are identified. Expression-level estimates also varied widely across methods, even when based on similar transcript models. Consequently, the complexity of higher eukaryotic genomes imposes severe limitations on transcript recall and splice product discrimination that are likely to remain limiting factors for the analysis of current-generation RNA-seq data.This work was supported by European Molecular Biology Laboratory, US National Institutes of Health/NHGRI grants U54HG004555 and U54HG004557, Wellcome Trust grant WT098051, and grants BIO2011-26205 and CSD2007-00050 from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia