Prediction of Stability and Thermal conductivity of MgO Nanofluids using CCRD Statistical Design Analysis

Magnesium oxide nanopowders were synthesized by chemical reduction method in which sodium hydroxide solution was used as a reducing agent. Magnesium nitrate (MgNO3.6H2O) precursor was used for the synthesis of MgO nanopowders. Solid state characterizations of synthesized nanopowders were carried out by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Using two step method, synthesized nanopowders were prepared as nanofluids by adding water and ethylene glycol (55:45). Thermal conductivity measurements of prepared nanofluids were studied using transient hot wire apparatus in which maximum thermal conductivity enhancement was observed in nanofluid. CCRD design has been applied to optimize the performance of nanofluid systems. In this regard, the performance was evaluated by measuring the stability and thermal conductivity ratio based on the critical independent variables such as temperature, particle volume fraction and the pH of the solution. A total of 20 experiments were accomplished for the construction of second-order polynomial equations for both target outputs. All the influential factors, their mutual effects and their quadratic terms were statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum stability and thermal conductivity of MgO nanofluids with various temperature, volume fraction and particle fraction were studied and compared with experimental reults. The results revealed that, at increase in particle concentration and pH of nanofluids at certain point would increase thermal conductivity and become stable at nominal temperature.  According to the results, the predicted values were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data as more than 95%  of the variation could be predicted by the CCRD model for thermal conductivity ratio and zeta potential

A Novel Cyber Resilience Framework – Strategies and Best Practices for Today's Organizations

Cyber resilience refers to an organization's ability to maintain its essential functions, services despite cyber-attacks and swiftly recover from any disruptions. It involves proactive measures like gathering threat intelligence and managing risks, as well as reactive measures such as incident response planning, data backup and recovery. To achieve cyber resilience, organizations must implement robust cyber security measures, regularly update their incident response plans, and educate employees on safe online practices. Furthermore, having a comprehensive backup and recovery strategy in place is crucial to swiftly restore critical systems and data in the event of an attack. Overall, the proposed framework emphasizes cyber resilience as a continuous and proactive approach for managing cyber security risks and safeguarding against the growing threat of cyber-attacks

Simultaneous determination of levocetrizine and phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride by RP-HPLC

The aim of the present study was to develop the simple, selective, rapid, precise and economical reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of levocetirizine and phenylpropanolamine HCl in solid dosage forms. The method was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C18 (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.5% triethylamine (70:30 v/v, pH 3.0) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 220 nm. The retention time (RT) 1.8 min and 2.6 min for phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine respectively. The % recovery of standard phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine was found to be 98.17 to 103.56 and 98.893 to 10.422 respectively. The % recovery of sample phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine was found to be 101.30 and 100.63 respectively. The validation of the proposed method was also carried out. The proposed method can be used for the estimation of these drugs in combined dosage forms

A new RP-HPLC method for the determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation

The present study aimed to develop the new method for the estimation and validation of tenofovir in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC. The chromatogram of tenofovir was developed through column (Hyper ODS2 C18), UV detection at 260 nm at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min with Methanol and Phosphate buffer (90:10) as mobile phase. The method was validated by various validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity as per the ICH guidelines. A linearity range and retention time of Tenofovir were found to be 20-110 µg/ml and 2.1 min respectively. The % RSD of the Tenofovir was found to be 0.7. The % recovery was obtained as 99.7% for standard and 96.32% for tablets. This method was simple, accurate, precise and sensitive. Hence, the developed method was employed for the routine analysis of Tenofovir in the pharmaceutical dosage form

Low vitamin B12 and lipid metabolism: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic responsible for 5% of global mortality. The risks of developing other key metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increased by obesity, causing a great public health concern. A series of epidemiological studies and animal models have demonstrated a relationship between the importance of vitamin B12 (B12) and various components of metabolic syndrome. High prevalence of low B12 levels has been shown in European (27%) and South Indian (32%) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A longitudinal prospective study in pregnant women has shown that low B12 status could independently predict the development of T2D five years after delivery. Likewise, children born to mothers with low B12 levels may have excess fat accumulation which in turn can result in higher insulin resistance and risk of T2D and/or CVD in adulthood. However, the independent role of B12 on lipid metabolism, a key risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders, has not been explored to a larger extent. In this review, we provide evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the role of low B12 status on lipid metabolism and insights on the possible epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, micro-RNA and histone modifications. Although, there are only a few association studies of B12 on epigenetic mechanisms, novel approaches to understand the functional changes caused by these epigenetic markers are warranted

Comparison of Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) using Propofol and Inhalational Anaesthesia using Isoflurane for controlled Hypotension in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is to restore the drainage and aeration of the paranasal sinuses, while maintaining the natural mucociliary clearance mechanism and seeking to preserve the normal anatomic structures. However, this surgery can lead to serious complications such as orbital cellulitis, rhino-oral fistulas, lesions to the optic nerve of the duramater and meningitis. These complications are often the result of performing the surgery in the presence of inappropriate bleeding5. Hence to reduce the incidence of complications, it is important to have a surgical field as free of blood as possible to improve visibility. This can be achieved with the use of different anaesthetic techniques to achieve controlled hypotension. The techniques could be based on inhalational anaesthetic or intravenous anaesthetic. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) can be performed in some situations solely with local anaesthetics alone. The mechanism of action and the use of Isoflurane towards the achievement of controlled hypotension is well established. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with Propofol is a relatively new tool for this purpose and not very widely practiced in India because of the cost. In this study, we propose to compare total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using Propofol versus inhalational anaesthesia using Isoflurane for controlled hypotension in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using Propofol versus inhalational anaesthesia using Isoflurane for controlled hypotension in functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) with respect to, 1. Ease of achieving and maintaining acceptable blood pressure. 2. Their effect on • Intraoperative blood loss. • Duration of surgery. • Surgeon’s opinion regarding the surgical field. 3. Incidence of complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the research and ethics committee of this institution.All adults (16-60 years), ASA I patients scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery were eligible to participate in this study. Patients with bleeding disorders and on anticoagulation therapy were excluded. Sample size was calculated as 20 in each group based on the previous studies. During the preoperative evaluation, the study details was explained to all these patients. An informed consent was obtained from all those who volunteered for the study. They were randomly allocated to one of the two groups as per the computerized list prepared before the start of the study. All the patients were premedicated with tablet Diazepam 0.2 mg/kg 1 hour prior to the induction of anaesthesia. On arrival to the operating room, an intravenous cannula was inserted into the forearm and monitoring that included pulse oximeter (Spo2), noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), electrocardiogram(ECG), end tidal carbondioxide (ETCO2) and end tidal Isoflurane analyzer was established. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and cross tabulation.Mean and standard deviation were used to assess changes within and between the two groups.A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: 1. Controlled hypotension can be achieved equally effectively using inhalational anaesthesia with isoflurane as well as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using propofol. 2. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using propofol offers no significant advantage over the conventionally used inhalational anaesthetic technique using isoflurane in terms of operative conditions and intraoperative blood loss

Effect of supplementary sugar feeding on colony growth of Asiatic hive bee, Apis cerana indica F.

Honey bees also known as "Angels of Agriculture" are arguably the most vital insects on the planet. Bee nutrition is an important aspect of colony management. Supplementary feeding is essential for maintaining the strength and health of honey bee colonies, especially during dearth periods. Experiments were conducted to evaluate a suitable, cheaper carbohydrate supplement and its effect on the colony growth of the Asiatic hive bee Apis cerana indica. Four different sugar syrup components, viz., sugar, water, milk and glucose, were combined to form  seven treatments : T1-Sugar: water (1:1), T2-Sugar: water (1:1) + Glucose (2%),T3- Sugar: water (1:1) + Desi cow’s milk (2%),T4- Sugar + water (2:1), T5- Sugar + water (2:1) + Glucose (2%) ,T6- Sugar + water (2:1) + Desi cow’s milk (2%) and T7-Control and evaluated to select honey bee colonies . Among the different sugar syrup feeding treatments, the colonies fed with T2 - Sugar: water (1:1) + Glucose (2%) had a profound effect within a month and the colonies recorded an increase in sealed brood area from 175.66 cm2 to 425.00 cm2, honey store area from 49.00 cm2 to 130.33 cm2, pollen store area from 47. 33 cm2 to 125.33 cm2, adult bee population from 4318.66 bees/colony to 4933.33 bees/colony. The work is new to A. cerana indica. Many of their bee colonies suffer from poor nutrition and absconding during the dearth period. The present study will help the beekeeping farmers maintain these Asiatic honey bee colonies during the starved period and will be useful in income generation.          

Submicron particles of Co, Ni and Co-Ni alloys

Magnetic sub-micron sized particles (with diameters in the range 100–600 nm) of Co, Ni and Co-Ni alloys, protected with polyvinylpyrrolidone have been prepared in gram quantities using the polyol process. Experiments carried out with different metal precursors and starting compositions have yielded reliable routes to produce particles of the desired diameters in the 100–600 nm range. The particles were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements. The particles are found to be stable under ambient conditions indefinitely. The coercivity values of the Co and Ni particles are &#8764;50% higher compared to the corresponding bulk values. The alloy particles follow a trend similar to the bulk alloys

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