La integración de la investigación y la práctica en psicología del deporte

From the consolidation of the psychology of sport as an independent scientific discipline at an international level, a great advance was developed that also favoured the consolidation of the applied field and the intervention, into two distinct political-geographic areas: the Eastern countries and the Western block. In both the performances began with the elite sport, and the figure of the psychologist as a member of the sports team. In 1979 the publication of Rainer Martens' article On Jackets and Jocks (Martens, 1979) mobilized the reflection of both researchers and applied psychologists. From its publication to the present day, this text became a reference text, especially when it came to direct interventions with athletes, and led to a reflection on the methodological difference between research and direct intervention. However, previously, in 1987, Martens himself had recommended and warned of the need to establish links between both spheres, academic and applied, to strengthen and give consistency to the psychology of sport (Garcia-Ucha and Martinez, 2014).A partir de la consolidación de la Psicología del Deporte como disciplina científica independiente a nivel internacional, se desarrolló un gran avance que favoreció también la consolidación del ámbito aplicado y de intervención, con dos áreas político- geográficas diferenciadas: los países del Este y el bloque occidental. En ambos se iniciaron actuaciones directas con el deporte de élite, y la figura del psicólogo como miembro del staff en los equipos deportivos fue estabilizándose. En 1979 la publicación del artículo de Rainer Martens, About smocks and jocks (Martens, 1979), movilizó la reflexión tanto de investigadores como de psicólogos aplicados. Desde su publicación hasta la actualidad, este texto se convirtió en un texto de referencia, especialmente a la hora de plantear intervenciones directas con deportistas, y propició que se estableciera una reflexión sobre la diferencia metodológica que debía darse entre investigación e intervención directa. Sin embargo ya anteriormente, en 1987, el propio Martens había recomendado y alertado de la necesidad de establecer nexos entre ambos ámbitos, académico y aplicado, para fortalecer y otorgar consistencia a la psicología del deporte (García-Ucha, y Martínez, 2014)

Comparación de la velocidad de paso por curva en trazados carreteros y ferroviarios

En este documento se realiza una comparativa entre las velocidades máximas de paso por curva, tanto para vehículos ferroviarios de diferentes tipos como para vehículos de carretera. Esta comparativa sirve para realizar una serie de reflexiones sobre la homogeneidad ¿o falta de ella¿ a la hora de establecer los criterios de confort en un modo u otro. También permite comparar en qué rangos de radios de curvaturas, como medida indirecta de la adaptabilidad al territorio, resulta más atractivo cada modo de transporte.Salvador Zuriaga, P.; Villalba Sanchis, I.; Pérez Zuriaga, AM. (2019). Comparación de la velocidad de paso por curva en trazados carreteros y ferroviarios. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/122739DE

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) universal screening in gravids during labor and delivery

Objective To screen pregnant women at risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during delivery using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) testing. Method Between March 31 st and August 31 st of 2020, consecutive pregnant women admitted for labor and delivery in a single hospital were screened for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab tests and detection of serum IgG and IgM. Results We studied 266 pregnant women admitted for labor and delivery. The prevalence of acute or past SARS-CoV-2 infection was 9.0 %, including (i) two cases with respiratory symptoms of SARS-Co-V-2 infection and positive RT-PCR; (ii) four asymptomatic women with positive RT-PCR without clinical symptoms and negative serological tests between two and 15 weeks later; and (iii) two women with false positive RT-PCR due to technical problems. All newborns of the 6 pregnant women with RT-PCR positive had negative RT-PCR and did not require Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission. There were eighteen asymptomatic women with positive serological IgG tests and negative RT-PCR. Conclusion In our cohort of gravids, we found 2.2 % of women with positive RT-PRC tests and 6.7 % with positive serological tests during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Interaction between angiotensin type 1, type 2, and mas receptors to regulate adult neurogenesis in the brain ventricular–subventricular zone

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and particularly its angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2), have been classically involved in processes of cell proliferation and maturation during development. However, the potential role of RAS in adult neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and its aging-related alterations have not been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the role of major RAS receptors on neurogenesis in the V-SVZ of adult mice and rats. In mice, we showed that the increase in proliferation of cells in this neurogenic niche was induced by activation of AT2 receptors but depended partially on the AT2-dependent antagonism of AT1 receptor expression, which restricted proliferation. Furthermore, we observed a functional dependence of AT2 receptor actions on Mas receptors. In rats, where the levels of the AT1 relative to those of AT2 receptor are much lower, pharmacological inhibition of the AT1 receptor alone was sufficient in increasing AT2 receptor levels and proliferation in the V-SVZ. Our data revealed that interactions between RAS receptors play a major role in the regulation of V-SVZ neurogenesis, particularly in proliferation, generation of neuroblasts, and migration to the olfactory bulb, both in young and aged brains, and suggest potential beneficial effects of RAS modulators on neurogenesis.This research was funded by Spanish grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2015-70523 and SAF2017-86690-R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Retic TERCEL RD16/0011/0016, RD16/0011/0017, and CIBERNED), Galician Government (XUGA, ED431C2018/10; ED431G/05), FEDER (Regional European Development Fund), Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2017-030), and Fundación Emilio Botín-Banco SantanderS

CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AGUA Y SUELO EN EL ECOSISTEMA RÍO AGUA PRIETA, SONORA, MÉXICO

El estudio consistió en evaluar la contaminación en el Río Agua Prieta, Sonora, México, desde un punto previo a su unión con las descargas de las lagunas de oxidación de la ciudad de Agua Prieta, de la empresa Alstyle y de la Central Termoeléctrica de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad, hasta los suelos de las parcelas forrajeras irrigadas con su agua, mismos que se encuentran aguas abajo de dichas descargas. Para tal efecto, se colectaron cinco muestras de agua y tres de suelo. Los parámetros estudiados fueron temperatura, conductividad eléctrica, pH, oxígeno disuelto, arsénico, cadmio, cobre, hierro, manganeso, plomo, zinc, cromo, níquel, cianuro, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno y demanda química de oxígeno, los cuales se cuantificaron con base a metodologías recomendadas por instituciones y las normas oficiales mexicanas. Se observa que las aguas del Río Agua Prieta, proveniente de la ciudad están contaminando el ecosistema con sales minerales disueltas y níquel. La descarga de la empresa Alstyle contamina el medio por sales minerales y níquel. La descarga correspondiente a la Termoeléctrica contamina moderadamente el ambiente con sales, arsénico, cadmio y níquel. El agua de descarga de las lagunas de oxidación contamina el ecosistema con cadmio y níquel

Conocimientos de la población acerca de la tuberculosis pulmonar

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en el periodo comprendido de enero del 2007 a febrero del 2008 con la finalidad de determinar el nivel general de conocimientos de la población sobre la Tuberculosis pulmonar y su relación con las variables demográficas sexo, edad, y nivel de escolaridad, así como la participación del Consultorio del médico de la familia en la transmisión de información. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 486 personas de la zona urbana de Güines de tres consultorios de donde proceden los casos de tuberculosis Pulmonar reportados en el 2007. Predominó un nivel medio general de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, con valores significativos en el sexo femenino, en personas de 45 a 50 años de edad y con niveles de escolaridad de preuniversitario y universitario. Se detectó una insuficiente transmisión de información por parte del Consultorio Médico de la familia. Este estudio resulta necesario para el fortalecimiento del programa de Control de la tuberculosis en Cuba

Screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection during labor and delivery using polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin testing

Aims To assess severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during labor and delivery with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and using immunoglobulin G and M testing to correlate with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Main methods Pregnant women admitted for labor and delivery at two Spanish hospitals were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR test and by detection of serum immunoglobulins G and M. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared in women with laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection with those with negative tests. Key findings Between March 31st and September 30th, 2020, 1211 pregnant women were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 5.4% (n = 65), corresponding to (i) 22 ongoing infections at admission, including two with mild clinical symptoms and 20 asymptomatic women; (ii) 43 cases of previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure; (iii) and 1146 women who were negative for both SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serological test. None of the screened mothers required hospital admission for coronavirus disease before or after delivery, nor were any of the newborns admitted to the intensive care unit. All newborns from mothers with positive PCR on admission were PCR negative. There were no significant differences in maternal or perinatal outcomes among the three studied groups. Significance Ongoing or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with asymptomatic or mild clinical symptoms detected during screening in pregnant women at labor and delivery do not have a higher rate of adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes

Relation between business hours, job satisfaction and quality of marital relationship

Artículo tutorizado por Mónica Romero Sánchez, profesora del Departamento de Psicología Social de la Universidad de Granada.Algunos autores demuestran que determinadas características laborales tienen una notoria influencia sobre el ámbito familiar. Sin embargo, otros concluyen que la flexibilidad horaria no se relaciona con el conflicto trabajo-familia. En la presente investigación, el objetivo será conocer cómo se relacionan las variables horas dedicadas al trabajo, calidad de relación de pareja y satisfacción laboral, para lo cual se han formulado tres hipótesis y se ha contado con 50 participantes (25 hombres y 25 mujeres) de distintas provincias de Andalucía. Estos tuvieron que cumplimentar dos cuestionarios: uno de calidad de relación con la pareja y otro de satisfacción laboral. Según los resultados, se observa una relación entre las horas dedicadas al trabajo y la existencia de una peor calidad de las relaciones de pareja. Del mismo modo, se ha encontrado una relación entre las horas dedicadas al trabajo y la existencia de una menor satisfacción con el puesto de trabajo. Sin embargo, no se han obtenido datos que muestren una correlación significativa entre satisfacción laboral y satisfacción en la relación con la pareja.Some authors show that some job characteristics have a marked influence on the family. However, others conclude that flexible working hours are not related to the work-family conflict. In this research, the aim will be to know how the variables hours spent at work, quality of relationships and job satisfaction are relationed each other, to which three hypotheses have been formulated and 50 participants have been taken into account (25 men and 25 women) from different provinces of Andalucía. These had to complete two questionnaires: one of quality of relationship with the partner and another of job satisfaction. According to the results, it is observed a relation between the hours spent at work and the quality of the relationships. In the same way, it is founded a relation between the hours spent at work and the existence of a lower satisfaction with the workplace. However, no data has been obtained showing a significant correlation between job satisfaction and satisfaction in the relationship with the partner.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

The rates of adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are linked to cell cycle regulation through p27-dependent gene repression of SOX2

Cell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often has to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but it is not essential for cell cycle exit. By integrating genome-wide gene expression and chromatin accessibility data, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2 and ASCL1. Our data reveal both a direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of Sox2 leads to reduced levels of its downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manne

Prognostic significance of the PROFUND index on one year mortality in acute heart failure: results from the RICA registry

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with high prevalence, mainly affecting elderly patients, where the presence of associated comorbidities is of great importance. Methods: An observational study from a prospective registry was conducted. Patients identified from the National Registry of Heart Failure (RICA), which belongs to theWorking Group on Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), were included. The latter is a prospective, multicenter registry that has been active since 2008. It includes individual consecutive patients over 50 years of age with a diagnosis of HF at hospital discharge (acute decompensated or new-onset HF). Results: In total, 5424 patients were identified from the registry. Forty-seven percent were men and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 51.4%; 1132 had a score of 0 to 2 according to the PROFUND index, 3087 had a score of 3 to 6, and 952 patients had a score of 7 to 10 points. In the sample, 252 patients had a score above 11 points. At the end of the year of follow-up, 61% of the patients died. This mortality increased proportionally as the PROFUND index increased, specifically 75% for patients with PROFUND greater than 11. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve shows that survival at one year progressively decreases as the PROFUND index value increases. Thus, subjects with scores greater than seven (intermediate-high and high-risk) presented the worst survival with a log rank of 0.96 and a p < 0.05. In the regression analysis, we found a higher risk of death from any cause at one year in the group with the highest risk according to the PROFUND index (score greater than 11 points (HR 1.838 (1.410-2.396)). Conclusions: The PROFUND index is a good index for predicting mortality in patients admitted for acute HF, especially in those subjects at intermediate to high risk with scores above seven. Future studies should seek to determine whether the PROFUND index score is simply a prognostic marker or whether it can also be used to make therapeutic decisions for those subjects with very high short-term mortality