Public and private sector wages interactions in a general equilibrium model

This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the public and the private sector interact in the labor market. Previous studies that analyze the labor market effects of public sector employment and wages have mostly assumed exogenous rules for public wage and public employment. We show that theories that equalize wages with marginal products in the private sector can rationalize the interaction of public and private sector wages when extended to accommodate a non-trivial government sector/public sector union that endogenously determines public employment and wages. Our model suggests a positive correlation between public and private sector wages. Any increase in tax revenues, coupled with the existence of a positive public-private sector wage gap, makes working in the public sector an attractive option. Thus, a positive neutral productivity shock increases public and private sector wages. More interestingly, even a private-sector specific productivity shock spills-over to the public sector, increasing public wages. These facts lend some support to the wage leading role of the private sector. Nevertheless, at the same time, a positive shock to public sector wages would lead to an increase in private sector wages, via the flow of workers from the private to the public sector. JEL Classification: C32, J30, J51, J52, E62, E63, H50Labor market, public employment, public wages, Trade Unions

Paleopathological study of skeletal remains of Ursids of the Pleistocene-Holocene of the Iberian Península

An exhaustive paleontologic study of skeletal remains of Ursids of the Pleistocene-Holocene from the lberian Peninsula was realized by one of us (Torres, 1984). Many of the pieces studied here were selected by this author. Other pieces proceed from recent excavations in the exceptional site of Ibeas, from the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain, of the Middle Pleistocene, which is providing human remains

Spatial wave intensity correlations in quasi-one-dimensional wires

Spatial intensity correlations between waves transmitted through random media are analyzed within the framework of the random matrix theory of transport. Assuming that the statistical distribution of transfer matrices is isotropic, we found that the spatial correlation function can be expressed as the sum of three terms, with distinctive spatial dependences. This result coincides with the one obtained in the diffusive regime from perturbative calculations, but holds all the way from quasi-ballistic transport to localization. While correlations are positive in the diffusive regime, we predict a transition to negative correlations as the length of the system decreases.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Asymmetric amplification in amino acid sublimation involving racemic compound to conglomerate conversion

A straightforward unprecedented sublimation protocol that reveals both conversion of a racemic compound into a racemic conglomerate and subsequent enantioenrichment has been developed for the proteinogenic amino acid valine. The phenomenon has been observed in closed and open systems, providing insight into asymmetric amplification mechanisms under presumably prebiotic condition

8.4GHz VLBI observations of SN2004et in NGC6946

We report on 8.4GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of the type II-P supernova SN2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, made on 20 February 2005 (151 days after explosion). The Very Large Array (VLA) flux density was 1.23$\pm$0.07 mJy, corresponding to an isotropic luminosity at 8.4GHz of (4.45$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{25}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ and a brightness temperature of (1.3$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{8}$ K. We also provide an improved source position, accurate to about 0.5 mas in each coordinate. The VLBI image shows a clear asymmetry. From model fitting of the size of the radio emission, we estimate a minimum expansion velocity of 15,700$\pm$2,000 km s$^{-1}$. This velocity is more than twice the expected mean expansion velocity estimated from a synchrotron self-absorbed emission model, thus suggesting that synchrotron self-absorption is not relevant for this supernova. With the benefit of an optical spectrum obtained 12 days after explosion, we favor an emission model which consists of two hot spots on an underlying expanding shell of width comparable to that of SN 1993J.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (22/05/07

Molecular gas at supernova local environments unveiled by EDGE

CO observations allow estimations of the gas content of molecular clouds, which trace the reservoir of cold gas fuelling star formation, as well as to determine extinction via H$_2$ column density, N(H$_2$). Here, we studied millimetric and optical properties at 26 supernovae (SNe) locations of different types in a sample of 23 nearby galaxies by combining molecular $^{12}$C$^{16}$O (J = 1 $\rightarrow$ 0) resolved maps from the EDGE survey and optical Integral Field Spectroscopy from the CALIFA survey. We found an even clearer separation between type II and type Ibc SNe in terms of molecular gas than what we found in the optical using H$\alpha$ emission as a proxy for current SF rate, which reinforces the fact that SNe Ibc are more associated with SF-environments. While A$_V$ at SN locations is similar for SNe II and SNe Ibc, and higher compared to SNe Ia, N(H$_2$) is significantly higher for SNe Ibc than for SNe II and SNe Ia. When compared to alternative extinction estimations directly from SN photometry and spectroscopy, we find that our SNe Ibc have also redder color excess but showed standard Na I D absorption pseudo-equivalent widths ($\sim$1 \AA). In some cases we find no extinction when estimated from the environment, but high amounts of extinction when measured from SN observations, which suggests that circumstellar material or dust sublimation may be playing a role. This work serves as a benchmark for future studies combining last generation millimeter and optical IFS instruments to reveal the local environmental properties of extragalactic SNe.Comment: MNRAS accepted, 17 pages, 8 Figures, 4 Table

Percepción de los escolares sobre los accidentes y las lesiones accidentales

Antecedentes/Objetivos: Las lesiones no intencionales constituyen la primera causa de muerte en la población infantil española (1-14 años) con una tasa de mortalidad de 6,5 por 100.000 niñas/os. Según datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2006, la incidencia acumulada de lesiones accidentales en el último año previo a la encuesta fue de 10,6% de las/os niños entrevistadas/os, más frecuente en niños (51,4%) que en niñas (48,6%). Los accidentes se produjeron con mayor frecuencia en casa (29%), en la calle (23%) y en la escuela (22%). Pocos estudios han investigado la perspectiva de las/os niñas/os sobre las lesiones accidentales que sufren. El objetivo del estudio es explorar, describir y categorizar las percepciones de las/os niñas/os sobre las lesiones accidentales y las explicaciones de los accidentes que hayan podido experimentar. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio mediante análisis cualitativo sobre la percepción de salud de la población infantil. Los datos se obtuvieron de 6 grupos de discusión de entre 8 a 10 niños/as formados en 2006 mediante muestreo teórico intencional de niños/as de edades entre 8 y 12 años de 3º y 6º curso de primaria de colegios públicos y concertados de Alicante con los criterios de inclusión: Centro público/concertado; Zona centro o residencial/zona de clase trabajadora; Niños/niñas/grupo mixto; Tercero y Sexto de primaria. Los discursos fueron grabados, transcritos y posteriormente analizados usando el programa ATLASTI.v.4.1 y aplicando los principios de la grounded theory. Dos investigadores identificaron una estructura temática y un proceso de codificación abierta revisada por un tercero para validar el proceso y determinar las categorías y subcategorías resultantes. Resultados: Los accidentes fue un tema emergente del análisis del discurso. Se identificaron las categorías y subcategorías: Conceptualización de accidente (a. Oposición a salud, “Un niño sano no se rompe nada” b. Asociado a enfermedad “Cuando te rompes la mano o la muñeca” c. Suceso inevitable “Es algo que no se puede prevenir”) Causa y tipo de lesiones (“Por mucho que me caiga sólo me he hecho moraos”) Lugares donde se producen accidentes (a. Escuela “El patio es plano y cuando juegas al futbol algún niño se cae” b. Otros “Me hice una fisura en la calle”) Sugerencias para evitar accidentes (a. Espacios escolares “Arreglar el suelo del patio” b. Conductas personales “Tener más cuidado”). Conclusiones: La población infantil sabe identificar los accidentes como problema de salud. Los percibe como inevitables aunque propone formas de evitarlos. Ayudar a los escolares a identificar las causas de los accidentes puede eliminar su percepción de inevitabilidad y fortalecer su capacidad para afrontarlos.Escuela Valenciana de Estudios en Salud. Generalitat Valenciana 044/2006

Radio monitoring of NGC 7469: Late time radio evolution of SN 2000ft and the circumnuclear starburst in NGC 7469

We present the results of an eight-year long monitoring of the radio emission from the Luminous Infrared Galaxy (LIRG) NGC 7469, using 8.4 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) observations at 0.3'' resolution. Our monitoring shows that the late time evolution of the radio supernova SN 2000ft follows a decline very similar to that displayed at earlier times of its optically thin phase. The late time radio emission of SN 2000ft is therefore still being powered by its interaction with the presupernova stellar wind, and not with the interstellar medium (ISM). Indeed, the ram pressure of the presupernova wind is \rho_w v_w^2 \approx 7.6E-9 dyn/cm^2, at a supernova age of approximately 2127 days, which is significantly larger than the expected pressure of the ISM around SN 2000ft. At this age, the SN shock has reached a distance r_{sh \approx 0.06 pc, and our observations are probing the interaction of the SN with dense material that was ejected by the presupernova star about 5820 years prior to its explosion. From our VLA monitoring, we estimate that the swept-up mass by the supernova shock after about six years of expansion is \approx 0.29 M_sun, assuming an average expansion speed of the supernova of 10000 km/s. We also searched for recently exploded core-collapse supernovae in our VLA images. Apart from SN 2000ft (S_\nu \approx 1760 microJy at its peak, corresponding to 1.1E28 erg/s/Hz, we found no evidence for any other radio supernova (RSN) more luminous than \approx 6.0E26 erg/s/Hz, which suggests that no other Type IIn SN has exploded since 2000 in the circumnuclear starburst of NGC 7469.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Spray-drying microencapsulation of tea extracts using green starch, alginate or carrageenan as carrier materials

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGTea industry generates many by-products which could be used to produce and incorporate bioactive tea extracts (TE) into nutraceuticals, cosmetics and/or clinical applications. However, sensibility to external factors is a major disadvantage hindering its utilization. This study deals with the implementation and characterization of suitable biopolymer delivery systems based on starch, carrageenan or alginate, as microencapsulation, to stabilize and protect TE through innovative thin-carbohydrate-coated formulations. TE were spray-dried and microencapsulated in recycled carrier materials (alginate, carrageenan or starch). Product yields varied from 55 to 58%. High microencapsulation and loading efficiencies were achieved (60–93% and 65–84%, respectively). Antioxidant capacity varied from 32 to 46 g Trolox/100 g extract, within different carrier-systems; which also showed promising rheological and UV-protective properties when transformed into gels. Total phenolic content, particle-size distribution, HPSEC-analysis, SEM-analysis and FTIR-analysis were also performed. In sum, this paper characterizes and discusses the high potential of these recycled carbohydrate-coated microparticles for future applicationsMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RYC2018-024454-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2020/01Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2018/07