RADIOTELEMETRÍA GPS: APLICACIÓN EN EL MONITOREO DEL GANADO CAPRINO EN LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN, OAXACA, MÉXICO

Objective: 1) To describe the radio-telemetry technique for study wildlife; specifically, using the global positioning system  (GPS); and 2) to exemplify the use of this technique with the domestic goats in a location of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Oaxaca.Design/methodology/approach: Goat herds were monitored using GPS radio-telemetry in order to know the spatial and temporal movements in the tropical dry habitats. Specifically, daily distances traveled and foraging areas were estimated using the R packages adehabitatLT and adehabitatHR, respectively.Results: The largest herd (90 individuals) traveled 3.9±.2 (SD) km/day during the rainy season of 2017, and 4.2±2.1 km during the dry season of 2018. The estimated foraging area was 1.44 km2 during the rainfall season, and 2.29 km2 during the dry season.Limitations of the study/implications: The radio-telemetry is a precise but expense technology and for some wildlife species, it is difficult to trap individuals in order to equip and track individuals.Findings/conclusions: However, the radio-telemetry allow answering relevant questions about animal behavior. The data obtained with this technology provides useful information for the development of management plans. For example, we are studying the possible competition between goats and wild ungulates as white-tailed deer. GPS could help to obtain relevant data in this topic.Objetivo: 1) Describir la técnica de radiotelemetría para estudiar la vida silvestre; específicamente, usando el sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS); y 2) ejemplificar el uso de esta técnica con las cabras domésticas en una localidad de la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Oaxaca.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Los rebaños de cabras fueron monitoreados usando radiotelemetría GPS para conocer los movimientos espaciales y temporales en hábitats tropicales secos. Específicamente, las distancias diarias recorridas y las áreas de forrajeo se estimaron utilizando los paquetes R adehabitatLT y adehabitatHR, respectivamente.Resultados: El rebaño más grande (90 individuos) viajó 3.9±1.2 (SD) km/día durante la estación lluviosa de 2017 y 4.2±2.1 km durante la estación seca de 2018. El área de forrajeo estimada fue de 1.44 km2 durante la temporada de lluvias y 2.29 km2 durante la temporada seca.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La radiotelemetría es una tecnología precisa, pero costosa y para algunas especies de fauna silvestre es difícil atrapar individuos para equiparlos y rastrearlos.Hallazgos/conclusiones: Sin embargo, la radiotelemetría permite responder preguntas relevantes sobre el comportamiento animal. Los datos obtenidos con esta tecnología proporciona información útil parael desarrollo de planes de gestión. Por ejemplo, estamos estudiando la posible competencia entre cabras y ungulados silvestres como el venado cola blanca. El GPS podría ayudar a obtener datos relevantesen este tema

Fungal Planet description sheets: 371–399

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Neoseptorioides eucalypti gen. & sp. nov. from Eucalyptus radiata leaves, Phytophthora gondwanensis from soil, Diaporthe tulliensis from rotted stem ends of Theobroma cacao fruit, Diaporthe vawdreyi from fruit rot of Psidium guajava, Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera and Semifissispora natalis from Eucalyptus leaf litter. Furthermore, Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is described from Mangifera indica leaves (Egypt), Roussoella mexicana from Coffea arabica leaves (Mexico), Calonectria monticola from soil (Thailand), Hygrocybe jackmanii from littoral sand dunes (Canada), Lindgomyces madisonensis from submerged decorticated wood (USA), Neofabraea brasiliensis from Malus domestica (Brazil), Geastrum diosiae from litter (Argentina), Ganoderma wiiroense on angiosperms (Ghana), Arthrinium gutiae from the gut of a grasshopper (India), Pyrenochaeta telephoni from the screen of a mobile phone (India) and Xenoleptographium phialoconidium gen. & sp. nov. on exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea (Indonesia). Several novelties are introduced from Spain, namely Psathyrella complutensis on loamy soil, Chlorophyllum lusitanicum on nitrified grasslands (incl. Chlorophyllum arizonicum comb. nov.), Aspergillus citocrescens from cave sediment and Lotinia verna gen. & sp. nov. from muddy soil. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Phyllosticta carissicola from Carissa macrocarpa, Pseudopyricularia hagahagae from Cyperaceae and Zeloasperisporium searsiae from Searsia chirindensis. Furthermore, Neophaeococcomyces is introduced as a novel genus, with two new combinations, N. aloes and N. catenatus. Several foliicolous novelties are recorded from La Réunion, France, namely Ochroconis pandanicola from Pandanus utilis, Neosulcatispora agaves gen. & sp. nov. from Agave vera-cruz, Pilidium eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus robusta, Strelitziana syzygii from Syzygium jambos (incl. Strelitzianaceae fam. nov.) and Pseudobeltrania ocoteae from Ocotea obtusata (Beltraniaceae emend.). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa

DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

International audienceWe present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range $0.1-1$ and $w_a0$ $(\sum m_\nu>0.059)$ eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. [Abridged.

DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

International audienceWe present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range $0.1-1$ and $w_a0$ $(\sum m_\nu>0.059)$ eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. [Abridged.

DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

International audienceWe present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range $0.1-1$ and $w_a0$ $(\sum m_\nu>0.059)$ eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. [Abridged.

Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

International audienceThe Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has embarked on an ambitious five-year survey to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopy of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to z > 3.5, as well as measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. In this paper we describe the significant instrumentation we developed for the DESI survey. The new instrumentation includes a wide-field, 3.2-deg diameter prime-focus corrector that focuses the light onto 5020 robotic fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface. The positioners and their fibers are divided among ten wedge-shaped petals. Each petal is connected to one of ten spectrographs via a contiguous, high-efficiency, nearly 50 m fiber cable bundle. The ten spectrographs each use a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360 - 980 nm with a resolution of 2000 to 5000. We describe the science requirements, technical requirements on the instrumentation, and management of the project. DESI was installed at the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, and we also describe the facility upgrades to prepare for DESI and the installation and functional verification process. DESI has achieved all of its performance goals, and the DESI survey began in May 2021. Some performance highlights include RMS positioner accuracy better than 0.1", SNR per √(Å) > 0.5 for a z > 2 quasar with flux 0.28e-17 erg/s/cm^2/A at 380 nm in 4000s, and median SNR = 7 of the [OII] doublet at 8e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in a 1000s exposure for emission line galaxies at z = 1.4 - 1.6. We conclude with highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning of the instrument, key successes, and lessons learned. (abridged

Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

International audienceThe Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has embarked on an ambitious five-year survey to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopy of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to z > 3.5, as well as measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. In this paper we describe the significant instrumentation we developed for the DESI survey. The new instrumentation includes a wide-field, 3.2-deg diameter prime-focus corrector that focuses the light onto 5020 robotic fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface. The positioners and their fibers are divided among ten wedge-shaped petals. Each petal is connected to one of ten spectrographs via a contiguous, high-efficiency, nearly 50 m fiber cable bundle. The ten spectrographs each use a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360 - 980 nm with a resolution of 2000 to 5000. We describe the science requirements, technical requirements on the instrumentation, and management of the project. DESI was installed at the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, and we also describe the facility upgrades to prepare for DESI and the installation and functional verification process. DESI has achieved all of its performance goals, and the DESI survey began in May 2021. Some performance highlights include RMS positioner accuracy better than 0.1", SNR per √(Å) > 0.5 for a z > 2 quasar with flux 0.28e-17 erg/s/cm^2/A at 380 nm in 4000s, and median SNR = 7 of the [OII] doublet at 8e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in a 1000s exposure for emission line galaxies at z = 1.4 - 1.6. We conclude with highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning of the instrument, key successes, and lessons learned. (abridged

Euclid: Early Release Observations -- A glance at free-floating new-born planets in the sigma Orionis cluster

International audienceWe provide an early assessment of the imaging capabilities of the Euclid space mission to probe deeply into nearby star-forming regions and associated very young open clusters, and in particular to check to what extent it can shed light on the new-born free-floating planet population. This paper focuses on a low-reddening region observed in just one Euclid pointing where the dust and gas has been cleared out by the hot sigma Orionis star. One late-M and six known spectroscopically confirmed L-type substellar members in the sigma Orionis cluster are used as benchmarks to provide a high-purity procedure to select new candidate members with Euclid. The exquisite angular resolution and depth delivered by the Euclid instruments allow us to focus on bona-fide point sources. A cleaned sample of sigma Orionis cluster substellar members has been produced and the initial mass function (IMF) has been estimated by combining Euclid and Gaia data. Our sigma Orionis substellar IMF is consistent with a power-law distribution with no significant steepening at the planetary-mass end. No evidence of a low-mass cutoff is found down to about 4 Jupiter masses at the young age (3 Myr) of the sigma Orionis open cluster