61 research outputs found

    Repercusiones funcionales de la interacción entre mutantes del canal Nav.1.5 responsables del síndrome de Brugada y los canales kir2.x

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    El síndrome de Brugada (SBr) se caracteriza por la elevación del ST en los registros electrocardiográficos de las derivaciones precordiales derechas y la predisposición a presentar arritmias ventriculares y muerte súbita. El SBr se transmite característicamente según un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. Hasta un 30% de los pacientes genotipados tienen una mutación en el gen SCN5A, que codifica para la subunidad α del canal Nav1.5 cardiaco,que, junto a subunidades auxiliares (Navβ), es responsable de la corriente rápida de entrada de Na (INa). Estas mutaciones codifican canales Nav1.5 que tras su síntesis no alcanzan la membrana de los miocitos cardiacos o/y que tienen alteraciones en los mecanismos dependientes de tiempo y voltaje que determinan la conductancia del canal (gating). El resultado es que los canales mutados o no son capaces de generar corriente o generan corrientes significativamente menores a las generadas por canales nativos (canales con“déficit” de función)..

    La quinasa Fgr como diana terapéutica en inflamación cardiaca

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    Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la causa más común de mortalidad a nivel mundial, afectando aproximadamente al 32% de la población global [1]. Aunque son muchos los factores asociados a estas enfermedades, la mayoría comparte un mecanismo: la inflamación [2,3,4]. Por tanto, reducir la inflamación cardiaca supondría un importante avance en la terapéutica de estas enfermedades. Investigadores del CNIC demostraron que la tirosina quinasa Fgr es activada por estrés (por el aumento de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS)), y fosforila la subunidad A del complejo II (CII) de la cadena de transporte de electrones mitocondrial, aumentando la actividad del CII, lo que produce un cambio metabólico celular [7]. Demostraron además que este cambio metabólico en los macrófagos induce la producción de citoquinas inflamatorias y a la polarización de estos hacia el tejido dañado. De hecho, la pérdida sistémica de Fgr en ratones (Fgr-knock out -KO-) sometidos a distintos tipos de estrés (inanición, hipoxia/reoxigenación, infección por E. coli y obesidad) generan macrófagos incapaces de adaptarse metabólicamente y por tanto no producen inflamación [8,9]. Dada la importancia de la inflamación en las enfermedades cardiacas, resulta interesante estudiar el papel de la quinasa Fgr en el corazón y su implicación en la regulación de los complejos mitocondriales en los distintos tipos celulares cardiacos (como macrófagos cardiacos (cMacs) y cardiomiocitos). Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar el papel de la Fgr en el corazón mediante el uso de ratones Fgr-KO, a fin de proponerla como diana terapéutica en la inflamación cardiovascular

    Alterations in respiratory function test three months after hospitalisation for covid-19 pneumonia: Value of determining nitric oxide diffusion

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    Three to four months after hospitalisation for COVID-19 pneumonia, the most frequently described alteration in respiratory function tests (RFTs) is decreased carbon monoxide transfer capacity (DLCO). Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that included patients hospitalised because of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, three months after their discharge. A clinical evaluation, analytical parameters, chest X-ray, six-minute walk test, spirometry and DLCO–DLNO analysis were performed. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and variables related to the severity of the admission were recorded. Results: Two hundred patients completed the study; 59.5% men, age 62 years, 15.5% admitted to the intensive care unit. The most frequent functional alteration, in 27% of patients, was in the DLCO–DLNO combination. This alteration was associated with age, male sex, degree of dyspnoea, poorer perception of health, and limited ability for physical effort. These patients also presented higher levels of D-Dimer and more residual radiological alterations. In 42% of the patients with diffusion alterations, only reduced DLNO was presented, along with lower D-Dimer levels and less capillary volume involvement. The severity of the process was associated with the reduction in DLCO–DLNO. Conclusions: The most sensitive RFT for the detection of the sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia was the combined measurement of DLCO–DLNO and this factor was related to patient health status and their capacity for physical exertion. In 40% of these cases, there was only a reduction in DLNO, a finding that may indicate less pulmonary vascular involvement.This research was funded by the Traslaciona Grant Program (code CT-850A-3 from the Xunta de Galicia (FEDER)

    Co-expression gene network analysis reveals novel regulatory pathways involved in porto-sinusoidal vascular disease

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    [Background & Aims] Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is a rare vascular liver disease of unknown etiology that causes portal hypertension. It usually affects young individuals and shortens live expectancy. The deregulated pathways involved in PSVD development are unknown and therefore we lack curative treatments. The purpose of this study was to integrate transcriptomic and clinical data by comprehensive network-based modeling in order to uncover altered biological processes in patients with PSVD.[Methods] We obtained liver tissue samples from 20 consecutive patients with PSVD and 21 sex- and age-matched patients with cirrhosis and 13 histologically normal livers (HNL) (initial cohort) and performed transcriptomic analysis. Microarray data were analyzed using weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify clusters of highly correlated genes differently expressed in patients with PSVD. We next evaluated the molecular pathways enriched in patients with PSVD and the core-related genes from the most significantly enriched pathways in patients with PSVD. Our main findings were validated using RNA sequencing in a different cohort of PSVD, cirrhosis and HNL (n = 8 for each group).[Results] Patients with PSVD have a distinctive genetic profile enriched mainly in canonical pathways involving hemostasis and coagulation but also lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Serpin family (SERPINC1), the apolipoproteins (APOA, APOB, APOC), ATP synthases (ATP5G1, ATP5B), fibrinogen genes (FGB, FGA) and alpha-2-macroglobulin were identified as highly connective genes that may have an important role in PSVD pathogenesis.[Conclusion] PSVD has a unique transcriptomic profile and we have identified deregulation of pathways involved in vascular homeostasis as the main pathogenic event of disease development. [Lay summary] Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease is a rare but life-shortening disease that affects mainly young people. Knowledge of the disrupted pathways involved in its development will help to identify novel therapeutic targets and new treatments. Using a systems biology approach, we identify that pathways regulating endothelial function and tone may act as drivers of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI17/00398, the Ministry of Education and Science, Spain (SAF-2016-75767-R); Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR-SGR2017-517) a grant from Generalitat de Catalunya, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Marta Magaz is a recipient of a Río Hortega grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Pol Olivas has been funded by Contractes Clínic de Recerca ”Emili Letang-Josep Font’’ 2020, granted by Hospital Clínic de Barcelona.Peer reviewe

    Co-occurrence of colistin-resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, Spain, September 2015

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    Los genes de resistencia a colistina mcr-3 y mcr-1 se detectaron en un aislado de Escherichia coli de heces de ganado en un matadero español en 2015. Las secuencias de ambos genes se hibridaron a la misma banda de plásmidos de aproximadamente 250 kb, aunque la resistencia a la colistina no fue movilizable . El aislado producía betalactamasas de espectro extendido y pertenecía al serotipo O9: H10 y al tipo de secuencia ST533. Aquí informamos un gen mcr-3 detectado en Europa después de informes anteriores de Asia y los Estados Unidos.Colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-1 have been detected in an Escherichia coli isolate from cattle faeces in a Spanish slaughterhouse in 2015. The sequences of both genes hybridised to same plasmid band of ca 250 kb, although colistin resistance was non-mobilisable. The isolate was producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and belonged to serotype O9:H10 and sequence type ST533. Here we report an mcr-3 gene detected in Europe following earlier reports from Asia and the United States.• Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. Proyecto AGL2016- 74882-C3 • Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca (España) y Comunidad Autónoma de Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ayuda S2013 / ABI-2747 • Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Ayuda GR15075 e IB16073 • Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (Portugal). Ayudas UID / MAR / 04292/2013 • Fundación Tatiana de Guzmán El Bueno (España). Beca doctoral para María del Rocío Iglesias Parro • Instituto Nacional de Agricultura y Alimentación. Investigación y Tecnología (INIA). Beca doctoral para María del Rocío Iglesias Parro • Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. Beca FPI2014-020, para Narciso Martín QuijadapeerReviewe

    CPAMD8 loss-of-function underlies non-dominant congenital glaucoma with variable anterior segment dysgenesis and abnormal extracellular matrix

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    Abnormal development of the ocular anterior segment may lead to a spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) to variable anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD). The main objective of this study was to identify the genetic alterations underlying recessive congenital glaucoma with ASD (CG-ASD). Next-generation DNA sequencing identified rare biallelic CPAMD8 variants in four patients with CG-ASD and in one case with PCG. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function and recently associated with ASD. Bioinformatic and in vitro functional evaluation of the variants using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and minigene analysis supported a loss-of-function pathogenic mechanism. Optical and electron microscopy of the trabeculectomy specimen from one of the CG-ASD cases revealed an abnormal anterior chamber angle, with altered extracellular matrix, and apoptotic trabecular meshwork cells. The CPAMD8 protein was immunodetected in adult human ocular fluids and anterior segment tissues involved in glaucoma and ASD (i.e., aqueous humor, non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, and iris muscles), as well as in periocular mesenchyme-like cells of zebrafish embryos. CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of this gene in F0 zebrafish embryos (96 hpf) resulted in varying degrees of gross developmental abnormalities, including microphthalmia, pharyngeal maldevelopment, and pericardial and periocular edemas. Optical and electron microscopy examination of these embryos showed iridocorneal angle hypoplasia (characterized by altered iris stroma cells, reduced anterior chamber, and collagen disorganized corneal stroma extracellular matrix), recapitulating some patients’ features. Our data support the notion that CPAMD8 loss-of-function underlies a spectrum of recessive CG-ASD phenotypes associated with extracellular matrix disorganization and provide new insights into the normal and disease roles of this gene

    SmartFIS: utilizando los teléfonos móviles en el aprendizaje de la Física

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    El Objetivo General del Proyecto de Innovación “SmartFis” se centraba en facilitar el aprendizaje de los contenidos propios de las múltiples asignaturas impartidas en el Laboratorio de Física General de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, en varias titulaciones, mediante la utilización de nuevos recursos didácticos, desarrollando nuevas prácticas de laboratorio basadas en el uso de smartphones, nuevos métodos docentes de laboratorio, y nuevos recursos en el Campus Virtual UCM
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