Funciones Administrativas con énfasis en Planificación de la Educación, en el Instituto Maestro Gabriel, Municipio de Managua, Distrito IV, I semestre del año 2017

El Instituto Público Maestro Gabriel está ubicado en el Distrito IV, Municipio de Managua, Barrio San Luis y está situado de Inerte 1c al este. En esta Institución educativa fue realizada la investigación por las estudiantes del III año de la carrera de Pedagogía con mención en Administración de la Educación, UNAN – Managua, con el objetivo de diagnosticar las condiciones administrativas del Instituto, en el período del I Semestre del 2017. El presente estudio, es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un enfoque cualitativo. La población de la comunidad educativa es de 215 del turno vespertino, y la muestra fue seleccionada de forma aleatoria con un total de 12, lo cual estuvo conformada por el equipo 1 administrativo y 11 docentes. La información se recopiló con la aplicación de entrevistas, guía de análisis documental (legales, académicos y administrativos). Los resultados más relevantes en la investigación, fueron: el director no ha realizado acompañamiento pedagógico a los docentes directamente en el aula, la mayoría de los documentos legales no se encuentran en físico en el instituto, ausencia del organigrama, no se ha elaborado la visión y misión de la institución educativa. Las recomendaciones significativas, fueron: Elaborar la Visión y Misión, Diseñar el POA del Instituto, realizar acompañamiento pedagógico y poseer documentos legales en físico. Producto de los resultados de la investigación, se elaboró para la colegio público en estudio la propuesta de Plan Operativo Anual, 2017, con énfasis en la función administrativa

Efecto del sustrato en la aclimatización de plantas in vitro de Aloe vera L.

Aloe vera L. for its exceptional therapeutic properties has great economic importance. However, the main problem, especially in Cuba, lies in the scarce commercial plantations. The development of in vitro propagation protocols may contribute to this end. The present work was carried out with the objective of determining the effect of the substrate in the acclimatization of in vitro plants of Aloe vera. Substrates were formulated with different ratios of compost and zeolite (100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0: 100). A 100% survival rate was achieved, 8.38 leaves per plant with a height of 9.02 cm and the highest number of roots per plant (7.69) in the substrate containing 100% compost. In vitro plants showed 100% survival in field conditions, similar to plants obtained by traditional methods. However, the number of shoots per in vitro plant cultivated in the field was five while the plants cultivated by traditional methods were 2.7 after 60 days of planted. In Cuba, the present research constitutes the first report about the effect of the substrate on the acclimatization of in vitro plants as the last stage of an in vitro propagation protocol and its response under field conditions. These results close the cycle of in vitro plant culture that corroborates the possibility of using them in the establishment of commercial plantations for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Keywords: compost, ex vitro conditions, in vitro plants, zeoliteAloe vera L. por sus propiedades terapéuticas excepcionales tiene gran importancia económica. Sin embargo, la principal problemática, especialmente en Cuba, radica en las escasas plantaciones comerciales. El desarrollo de protocolos de propagación in vitro puede contribuir a este fin. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del sustrato en la aclimatización de plantas in vitro de Aloe vera. Se formularon sustratos con diferentes proporciones de Compost y zeolita (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). Se logró un 100% de  supervivencia, 8.38 hojas por planta con una altura de 9.02 cm y el mayor número de raíces por planta (7.69) en el sustrato que contenía el 100% de compost. Las plantas in vitro mostraron en condiciones de campo 100% de supervivencia, similar a las plantas obtenidas por métodos tradicionales. Sin embargo, el número de hijuelos por planta in vitro cultivada en campo fue de cinco mientras que las plantas cultivadas por métodos tradicionales fue de 2.7 a los 60 días de plantadas. En Cuba la presente investigación constituye el primer informe del efecto del sustrato en la aclimatización de plantas in vitro como última fase de un protocolo de propagación in vitro y su respuesta en condiciones de campo. Estos resultados cierran el ciclo de cultivo de plantas in vitro que corroboran la posibilidad de emplearlas en el establecimiento de plantaciones comerciales para el uso en las industrias farmacéuticas y de cosméticos. Palabras clave: condiciones ex vitro, compost, plantas in vitro, zeolit

Gestión que realiza el equipo de dirección para el fortalecimiento de la función administrativa del Instituto nacional publico maestro Gabriel, municipio de Managua, distrito IV, realizado en el año 2018

El presente trabajo investigativo consiste en valorar la incidencia de la gestión que realiza el equipo de dirección en la función administrativa del Instituto Maestro Gabriel, Municipio de Managua, Distrito IV, realizado en el año 2019, identificando las gestiones realizadas por la dirección del centro, y elaborar propuestas de estrategias de gestión administrativa en función de la calidad educativa. El presente estudio, es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un enfoque cualitativo. La población de la comunidad educativa es de 99 estudiantes del turno vespertino, y la muestra fue seleccionada de forma aleatoria con un total de 12, lo cual estuvo conformada por el equipo 1 administrativo y 11 docentes. La información se recopiló con la aplicación de entrevistas al director y docente, grupo focal dirigido a estudiantes, guía de observación y guía de análisis documental (legales, académicos y administrativos). Los resultados más relevantes de la investigación, fueron: En el aspecto de la gestión el director no realiza gestiones para el buen funcionamiento del Instituto, y las gestiones educativas realizadas hace 3 años, no logro ejecutarlas, en cambio los estudiantes, entienden como gestión la limpieza de las áreas verdes, juegos deportivos, rehabilitación de la banda rítmica, en relación a las funciones administrativas, se detectó que el equipo directivo ejerce un liderazgo democrático, toma en cuenta a las opiniones de la comunidad educativa para la elaboración y ejecución del plan operativo anual. En relación al proceso de planificación de las gestiones que se realizan en el instituto, no se elaboran proyectos de mejora en el Instituto. Las recomendaciones significativas, fueron: Propuesta en la planificación sobre la gestión educativa, referente a la reparación y mantenimiento de los aires acondicionados, así como la pintura de las paredes y renovación parcial del sistema eléctrico del instituto. Palabras claves: Gestión, Administración, estrategias, dirección y educativa

Bacterial MgrB peptide activates chemoreceptor Fpr3 in mouse accessory olfactory system and drives avoidance behaviour

Innate immune chemoreceptors of the formyl peptide receptor (Fpr) family are expressed by vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) in the accessory olfactory system. Their biological function and coding mechanisms remain unknown. We show that mouse Fpr3 (Fpr-rs1) recognizes the core peptide motif f-MKKFRW that is predominantly present in the signal sequence of the bacterial protein MgrB, a highly conserved regulator of virulence and antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. MgrB peptide can be produced and secreted by bacteria, and is selectively recognized by a subset of VSNs. Exposure to the peptide also stimulates VSNs in freely behaving mice and drives innate avoidance. Our data shows that Fpr3 is required for neuronal detection and avoidance of peptides derived from a conserved master virulence regulator of enteric bacteria

Antiviral and Antiproliferative Potential of Marine Organisms from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

[Abstract] Viral infections are one of the main human health problems in recent decades and the cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. The development of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections continues to be a challenging goal for medicinal chemistry. There is no specific antiviral drug approved to treat infections caused by HAdV so far and the off-label treatments currently available show great variability in their effectiveness. In relation to cancer, most of the available drugs are designed to act on specific targets by altering the activity of involved transporters and genes. Taking into account the high antiviral and antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines displayed by some marine natural products reported in the literature, sixty five marine organisms were selected: 51 sponges (Porifera), 13 ascidians (Chordata), and 1 gorgonian (Cnidaria), collected from Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, to evaluate their antiviral activity against human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) and their anticancer properties against five human tumor cell lines, namely human lung carcinoma (A549), human skin melanoma (A2058), hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), and pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca-2). Eleven extracts displayed anti-HAdV activity being the organic extracts of Dysidea sp., Agelas citrina, Chondrilla sp., Spongia tubulifera, and Monanchora arbuscula the five most active ones. On the other hand, 24 extracts showed antiproliferative activity against at least one tumor cell line, being the extracts of the ascidian Eudistoma amanitum and the sponge Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis the most active ones. This work constitutes the first wide antiviral and antiproliferative screening report of extracts from the marine sponges, ascidians, and a gorgonian collected from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.This work was supported by Grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 and RTC-2016-4611-1 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, both co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union, BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E), Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP). The study was also funded by projects GRC2018/039 and Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018/03 (Consejería de Educación, Universidad y Formación Profesional de la Junta de Galicia) from the Xunta de Galicia (autonomous government of the region). DP-P received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan (Mexico). Also supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0009) – co-financed by “A way to achieve Europe” ERDF, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Proyectos de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Salud (DTS17/00130 and PI18/01191), and the Spanish Adenovirus Network (AdenoNet, BIO2015/68990-REDT). JS-C is a researcher belonging to the program “Nicolás Monardes” (C-0059-2018), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain. The antiproliferative studies were financed with internal funds from Fundación MEDINAXunta de Galicia; 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_EXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Junta de Andalucía; C-0059-201

Marine Organisms from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) as a Potential Natural Source of Antibacterial Compounds

[Abstract] A total of 51 sponges (Porifera) and 13 ascidians (Chordata) were collected on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) and extracted with organic solvents. The resulting extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against four multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens: the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the organic extracts of each marine organism were determined using a broth microdilution assay. Extracts of eight of the species, in particular the Agelas citrina and Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, displayed activity against some of the pathogens tested. Some of the extracts showed similar MIC values to known antibiotics such as penicillins and aminoglycosides. This study is the first to carry out antimicrobial screening of extracts of marine sponges and ascidians collected from the Yucatan Peninsula. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extracts from the sponges Amphimedon compressa and A. citrina displayed, as a preliminary result, that an inseparable mixture of halitoxins and amphitoxins and (-)-agelasine B, respectively, are the major compounds responsible for their corresponding antibacterial activities. This is the first report of the antimicrobial activity of halitoxins and amphitoxins against major multidrug-resistant human pathogens. The promising antibacterial activities detected in this study indicate the coast of Yucatan Peninsula as a potential source of a great variety of marine organisms worthy of further research.This work was supported by Grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union, by projects PI15/00860 and PI18/00501 to GB and PI14/00059 and PI17/01482 to AB (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E), Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP). The study was also funded by projects IN607A 2016/22 (GAIN- Agencia Gallega de Innovación - Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria) and GRC2018/039 and Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018/03 (Consellería de Educación, Universidades e Formación Profesional) from the Xunta de Galicia (autonomous government of the region). Support was also provided by Planes Nacionales de I+D+i 2013-2016 and ISCIII, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/006) co-financed by European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe" and the operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020. J.C.V.U. was financially supported by the pFIS Programme (FI18/00315), M.M.G. was financially supported by a Clara Roy grant (SEIMC) and C.L.M. by IN606A-2019/029. D.P.P. received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan (Mexico)Xunta de Galicia; 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_EXunta de Galicia; IN607A 2016/22Xunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Xunta de Galicia; IN606A-2019/02

Predicting Clinical Outcome with Phenotypic Clusters in COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Analysis of 12,066 Hospitalized Patients from the Spanish Registry SEMI-COVID-19

(1) Background: Different clinical presentations in COVID-19 are described to date, from mild to severe cases. This study aims to identify different clinical phenotypes in COVID-19 pneumonia using cluster analysis and to assess the prognostic impact among identified clusters in such patients. (2) Methods: Cluster analysis including 11 phenotypic variables was performed in a large cohort of 12,066 COVID-19 patients, collected and followed-up from 1 March to 31 July 2020, from the nationwide Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI)-COVID-19 Registry. (3) Results: Of the total of 12,066 patients included in the study, most were males (7052, 58.5%) and Caucasian (10,635, 89.5%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 67 years (standard deviation (SD) 16). The main pre-admission comorbidities were arterial hypertension (6030, 50%), hyperlipidemia (4741, 39.4%) and diabetes mellitus (2309, 19.2%). The average number of days from COVID-19 symptom onset to hospital admission was 6.7 (SD 7). The triad of fever, cough, and dyspnea was present almost uniformly in all 4 clinical phenotypes identified by clustering. Cluster C1 (8737 patients, 72.4%) was the largest, and comprised patients with the triad alone. Cluster C2 (1196 patients, 9.9%) also presented with ageusia and anosmia; cluster C3 (880 patients, 7.3%) also had arthromyalgia, headache, and sore throat; and cluster C4 (1253 patients, 10.4%) also manifested with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Compared to each other, cluster C1 presented the highest in-hospital mortality (24.1% vs. 4.3% vs. 14.7% vs. 18.6%; p 20 bpm, lower PaO2/FiO2 at admission, higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the phenotypic cluster as independent factors for in-hospital death. (4) Conclusions: The present study identified 4 phenotypic clusters in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which predicted the in-hospital prognosis of clinical outcomes

Innate and adaptive immune defects associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response in elderly people

The immune factors associated with impaired SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in the elderly are mostly unknown. We studied old and young people vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA before and after the first and second dose. Aging was associated with a lower anti-RBD IgG levels and a decreased magnitude and polyfunctionality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. The dramatic decrease in thymic function in the elderly, which fueled alteration in T cell homeostasis, and lower CD161+ T cell levels were associated with decreased T cell response two months after vaccination. Additionally, a deficient dendritic cell (DC) homing, activation and Toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated function, along with a proinflammatory functional profile in monocytes, were observed in the elderly, which was also related to lower specific T cell response after vaccination. These findings might be relevant for the improvement of the current vaccination strategies and for the development of new vaccine prototypes.This study was funded by Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucia (CV20-85418 and P20_00906, DOC-01659 and DOC-00963); Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia (RH-0037-2020), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP19/00159, FI17/00186, FI19/00083, PI19/01172, CM20/00243) Fondos FEDER, and National Spanish Research Council (CSIC).N