Percepciones positivas del consumo de cerveza entre estudiantes universitarios portugueses

The abusive consumption of alcohol by college students has negative effects on both individual and public health. Positive expectations about alcohol are related to behaviours and patterns of consumption frequently acquired in adolescence. Objective. This study analyses the impact of individual variables (gender, age at first drink, being away from home, and first option degree course) on beer consumption in first-year college students. The moderating effect of positive perceptions about alcohol consumption will also be considered. Method. The sample comprised 214 first-year college students at a Portuguese public university. Results. Positive perceptions of alcohol consumption had an impact on levels of beer consumption and the rate of beer consumption could be explained by just four student variables: age at first drink, gender, first option degree course, and positive perceptions of alcohol consumption. The indices of model fit were adequate. Conclusions. Interventions targeting reductions of student’s alcohol consumption should consider the effects of positive perceptions of alcohol.El consumo abusivo de alcohol por parte de estudiantes universitarios tiene efectos negativos tanto en la salud individual y pública. Las expectativas positivas sobre el alcohol están relacionadas con comportamientos y patrones de consumo frecuentemente adquiridos en la adolescencia. Objetivo. Este estudio analiza el impacto de las variables individuales (género, edad al primer trago, estar fuera de casa y primer curso de grado de opción) en el consumo de cerveza en estudiantes universitarios de primer año. También se considerará el efecto moderador de las percepciones positivas sobre el consumo de alcohol. Método. La muestra comprendió 214 estudiantes universitarios de primer año en una universidad pública portuguesa. Resultados. Las percepciones positivas del consumo de alcohol tuvieron un impacto en los niveles de consumo de cerveza y la tasa de consumo de cerveza podría explicarse por solo cuatro variables de los estudiantes: edad al primer trago, sexo, curso de primer grado y percepciones positivas del consumo de alcohol. Los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron adecuados. Conclusiones. Las intervenciones dirigidas a las reducciones en el consumo de alcohol de los estudiantes deben considerar los efectos de las percepciones positivas del alcoholCIEd – Research Centre on Education, Institute of Education, University of Minho, projects UIDB/01661/2020 and UIDP/01661/2020, through national funds of FCT/MCTES-PT. Joana R. Casanova received funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) as a Doctoral Grant, under grant agreement number SFRH/BD/117902/201

The Potential of Using Grapefruit Peel as a Natural Support for Yeast Immobilization During Beer Fermentation

The potential use of grapefruit peel as support material for yeast immobilization during beer fermentation was evaluated. After conditioning, FTIR analysis revealed a higher quantity of methoxy (–OCH3) groups, suggesting that lignin is the major component of the support. Cell adhesion onto the conditioned support in 12°Plato laboratory malt wort was evaluated, observing a maximal cell adhesion (2.25 · 109 cells/gram of dried support) at 20 h of cultivation, remaining almost constant in the subsequent time points. Evaluations of the fermentative behaviour of the biocatalyst at 15±0.5 °C in a 14°Plato laboratory malt wort indicated good stability in terms of physical integrity (confirmed by SEM observation). The fermentation time was shortened to four days, and the rates of reducing sugar consumption and ethanol production were improved when compared to fermentations carried out with free suspended cells. These results show a promising potential of grapefruit peel as support material in beer fermentation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Effect of small-sided games on football players

El objetivo ha sido analizar cómo influyen los juegos reducidos o SSGs sobre la condición física, técnica y los cambios de dirección (CODA) en jugadoras alevines de fútbol femenino. Participan 12 jugadoras de fútbol femenino. Realizaron 14 sesiones de entrenamiento basado en juegos reducidos de fútbol. La muestra presenta valores normales en la prueba de Saphiro-Wilk, además, en la prueba de t de Student muestra que existen diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas (p ≤0,00) en todas las variables físicas analizadas, menos en el caso de la fuerza explosiva. En las variables de técnica nos muestra que existen diferencias significativas en todas las variables analizadas (p ≤0,00). Por último existen correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre las distintas variables analizadas. De esta forma podemos considerar los juegos reducidos son un método adecuado y muy ventajoso para el entrenamiento en las etapas iniciales o de formación en jugadoras de fútbolThe objective has been to analyze how small-sided games or SSGs affect physical, technical and changes of direction (CODA) in U12 female soccer players. 12 female soccer players participate. They conducted 14 training sessions based on reduced soccer games. The sample has normal values in the Saphiro-Wilk test, and in the Student's t test it shows that there are statistically very significant differences (p ≤0,00) in all the analyzed physical variables, less in the case of the explosive force. In the technique variables we show that there are significant differences in all variables analyzed (p ≤0,00). Finally, there are positive and statistically significant correlations between the different variables analyzed. In this way we can consider reduced games are a suitable and very advantageous method for training in the initial stages or training in soccer player

Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) I. Structures with Parasitic and Possible Taxonomic Meaning

The larval development of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (the most important dipteran causing sheep myiasis in the Palearctic region) has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of mouth-hooks, oral ridges, labial lobes, body spines and anterior and posterior peritremes is described for the first time. Their possible adaptations to a parasitic lifeway are also discussed. Thus, the use of new structures in the Sarcophagidae taxonomy is proposed from the point of view of their ultrastructure and adaptative morphology

Efecto de dosis de urea-N en el rendimiento del maíz bajo un sistema de rotación con leguminosas de cobertura.

La substitución económica de fertilizante nitrogenado por fijación biológica por leguminosas de cobertura en sistemas de rotación con maíz, se encuentra entre los temas de investigación agrícola con mayor potencial para el desarrollo de tecnologías encaminadas a lograr una producción sostenible de maíz en el trópico. En la localidad de Cuyuta, Guatemala, se realizó un experimento durante dos ciclos consecutivos de maíz, para cuantificar la equivalencia entre dosis de urea y N aportado por dos leguminosas (Canavalia ensiformis L. y Mucuna deeringianum Bort). En el primer ciclo, el rendimiento de maíz respondió significativamente tanto a las aplicaciones de urea-N, como a la incorporación de abono verde de legu-minosas. Durante el segundo ciclo, el efecto residual de las leguminosas en el rendimiento de maíz fue marcadamente menor y las diferencias entre sistemas de rotación dependieron del nivel de N y la densidad de plantas. El efecto de rotación con abonos verdes y su relación con dosis de urea comprobó la substitución de N fertilizante por abono verde. Los factores principales que afectaron la respuesta del rendimiento bajo los diferentes sistemas de rotación fueron: dosis de fertilizante N, cantidad de N en la biomasa superficial de leguminosa y, la densidad final de plantas

Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron II. Observations of 3C 273 at minimum activity

RadioAstron is a 10 m orbiting radio telescope mounted on the Spektr-R satellite, launched in 2011, performing Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI) observations supported by a global ground array of radio telescopes. With an apogee of about 350 000 km, it is offering for the first time the possibility to perform {\mu}as-resolution imaging in the cm-band. We present observations at 22 GHz of 3C 273, performed in 2014, designed to reach a maximum baseline of approximately nine Earth diameters. Reaching an angular resolution of 0.3 mas, we study a particularly low-activity state of the source, and estimate the nuclear region brightness temperature, comparing with the extreme one detected one year before during the RadioAstron early science period. We also make use of the VLBA-BU-BLAZAR survey data, at 43 GHz, to study the kinematics of the jet in a 1.5-year time window. We find that the nuclear brightness temperature is two orders of magnitude lower than the exceptionally high value detected in 2013 with RadioAstron at the same frequency (1.4x10^13 K, source-frame), and even one order of magnitude lower than the equipartition value. The kinematics analysis at 43 GHz shows that a new component was ejected 2 months after the 2013 epoch, visible also in our 22 GHz map presented here. Consequently this was located upstream of the core during the brightness temperature peak. These observations confirm that the previously detected extreme brightness temperature in 3C 273, exceeding the inverse Compton limit, is a short-lived phenomenon caused by a temporary departure from equipartition. Thus, the availability of interferometric baselines capable of providing {\mu}as angular resolution does not systematically imply measured brightness temperatures over the known physical limits for astrophysical sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

ENDOPARÁSITOS EN AVES RESIDENTES Y MIGRATORIAS DE PUNTA SANTA BÁRBARA, PARQUE NACIONAL DARIEN, PANAMÁ

In order to determine the presence and prevalence of blood parasites in resident and migratory birds in Punta Santa Bárbara, Darién National Park, 271 blood samples taken from 126 birds of 43 species were collected. With a total of 24 smears or 19.05% of positive samples for some type of blood parasite, it was determined that the most common of these parasites found was Haemoproteus (11.90%), Plasmodium (5.56%), followed by Leucocytozoon (4.76%) and microfilariae belonging to helminths with (0.79%) prevalence. Using the Shannon-Wiener index, it was determined that the diversity of parasites in the rainy season is similar to that recorded in the dry season. Using a Chi-square test, it was determined that Haemoproteus sp., Is the parasite most frequently in positive samples, while microfilariae are recorded less frequently. The frequency of parasitized and non-parasitized birds was evaluated according to the mass of the individual by means of a Chi-square test, finding for this study a significant difference in the number of birds parasitized according to the mass of the individual, birds with parasites have greater weight This study is the first on parasitology for the birds of the province of Darien, therefore, everything that we report here is new for this side of the country. So far there are only 4 previous studies of blood parasites in birds for all of Panama.Con el objetivo de determinar la presencia y prevalencia de parásitos sanguíneos en aves residentes y migratorias en Punta Santa Bárbara, Parque Nacional Darién, se colectaron 271 muestras de sangre extraídas de 126 individuos de aves de 43 especies. Con un total de 24 frotis o 19.05% de las muestras positivas para algún tipo de parásito sanguíneo, se determinó que el más común de estos parásitos encontrados era el Haemoproteus (11.90%), Plasmodium (5.56%), seguido de Leucocytozoon (4.76%) y microfilarias pertenecientes a los helmintos con (0.79%) de prevalencia. Mediante el índice de Shannon-Wiener se determinó que la diversidad de parásitos en época lluviosa es similar a la registrada en la época seca. Mediante una prueba de Ji cuadrado, se determinó que Haemoproteus sp., es el parásito con mayor frecuencia en las muestras positivas, mientras que las microfilarias se registran con menor frecuencia. Se evaluó la frecuencia de aves parasitadas y no parasitadas de acuerdo a la masa del individuo mediante una prueba Ji cuadrado, encontrando para este estudio una diferencia significativa en el número de aves parasitadas de acuerdo a la masa del individuo, aves con parásitos presentan mayor peso. Este estudio es el primero en tema de parasitología para las aves de la Provincia del Darién, por lo tanto, todo lo que aquí reportamos es nuevo para este lado del país. Hasta el momento sólo hay 4 estudios previos de parásitos sanguíneos en aves para todo Panamá

Contribución al conocimiento de las epífitas vasculares del Área Natural Protegida “Reserva Ecológica Sierra de Otontepec”, Veracruz

Se presenta una contribución de la diversidad de epifítas vasculares del ANP Sierra de Otontepec, en tres tipos de vegetación: bosque mesófilo de montaña, bosque tropical perennifolio y acahual, en los municipios de Chontla y Citlaltepetl. Se encontró que este grupo de plantas está representado principalmente por las familias Bromeliaceae (26.4%) y Polypodiaceae (23.5 %), seguido de la familia Orchidaceae y Piperacea (14.7%). El BMM presento mayor riqueza de especies (46%), mientras que el BTP presento menor riqueza (23%) en comparación con el AC (31%). Se registraron dos especies en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, en la categoría de Amenazadas (Tillandsia imperialis y Prostecheae mariae). Este grupo de plantas se ven afectadas por la fragmentación y recolección ilegal, por lo que, se considera necesario generar conocimiento sobre las especies que se encuentran en la reserva

Session D7: Fishway with Two Entrance Locations: Understanding its importance for Iberian Barbel

Abstract In recent years, in the Iberian Peninsula, many fish passes have been built and improved. To ensure the proper operation of these, it is essential to carry out an evaluation and subsequent monitoring, considering both biologic and hydraulic aspects. We analyze the performance of Iberian barbel –Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864)– in a technical fishway: pool and weir, with bottom orifice. It is located in the Josefina hydropower plant (Duero River, Valladolid, Spain). Fish ladder has two fish entrances: one in the turbine outlet channel and another in the natural river course. Both the most relevant hydraulic values (flow, velocity, volumetric energy dissipation) and biological parameters (movement pattern, attraction, entry and passage) were measured. Biological assessment was conducted in the spawning season using PIT tag technology. The main influence on upstream movement was river discharge. There were no preferences between path selection; and ascent success and transit time were similar between two entrances.. Results highlight the importance of two access points for improve entrance and decrease migration delay