Early prey intake of a short‐finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Canary Islands

This study reveals early prey eating by a short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Canary Islands. Stomach contents, trophic markers, skin isotopic ratios of nitrogen (δ15N:15N/14N) and carbon (δ13C:13C/12C), and fatty acid profiles of the blubber of a short-finned pilot whale of 213 cm size euthanized in free-ranging conditions were analyzed. A total of 15 species of oegopsid squids, mostly diel vertical mesopelagic migrant species of the families Enoploteuthidae, Ommastrephidae, and Histioteuthidae, as well as mother's milk, were identified in the stomach contents. Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977, Cephalopoda: Chiroteuthidae) was found as first time in this area, suggesting the possibility of its presence on both sides of the subtropical Atlantic, extending its current known distribution. The δ15N value (11.55‰) was higher than expected based on the size range of squid ingested, but lower than that of adult pilot whales, suggesting that mother's milk intake has a significant effect on these values in calves. Similarly, the δ13C values (−17.99‰) were shifted to those of adult pilot whales rather than the ingested squids, also due to the ingestion of high-fat breast milk. The fatty acid (FA) composition of blubber showed a clear stratification. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) were mainly present in the inner layer, while most relevant ≤C20 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were more abundant in the outer layer.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. CTM2017-88686-PUniversidade de Vigo/CISU

Effect of dried leaves of Leucaena leucocephala on rumen fermentation, rumen microbial population, and enteric methane production in crossbred heifers

The effects of dietary inclusion of dried Leucaena leucocephala leaves (DLL) on nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, microbial rumen population, and production of enteric methane (CH4) in crossbred heifers were evaluated. Four heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four periods and four levels of inclusion of DLL: 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% of dry matter (DM) intake. Results showed that DM intake (DMI), organic matter intake, and gross energy intake (GEI) were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy decreased with increasing levels of DLL in the ration (p 0.05) rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids. Rumen microbial community was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment. There was a linear reduction (p < 0.05) in CH4 emissions as the levels of DLL in the ration were increased. Results of this study suggest that an inclusion of 12% DM of ration as DLL enhances digestible CP and reduces daily production of enteric CH4 without adversely affecting DMI, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters

The development of selective stopping: qualitative and quantitative changes from childhood to early adulthood

Although progress has been made in elucidating the behavioral and neural development of global stopping across the lifespan, little is known about the development of selective stopping. This more complex form of inhibitory control is required in real-world situations where ongoing responses must be inhibited to certain stimuli but not others, and can be assessed in laboratory settings using a stimulus selective stopping task. Here we used this task to investigate the qualitative and quantitative developmental changes in selective stopping in a large-scale cross-sectional study with three different age groups (children, preadolescents, and young adults). We found that the ability to stop a response selectively to some stimuli (i.e., use a selective strategy) rather than non-selectively to all presented stimuli (i.e., use a global, non-selective strategy) is fully mature by early preadolescence, and remains stable afterwards at least until young adulthood. By contrast, the efficiency or speed of stopping (indexed by a shorter stop-signal reaction time or SSRT) continues to mature throughout adolescence until young adulthood, both for global and selective implementations of stopping. We also provide some preliminary findings regarding which other task variables beyond the strategy and SSRT predicted age group status. Premature responding (an index of “waiting impulsivity”) and post-ignore slowing (an index of cognitive control) were among the most relevant predictors in discriminating between developmental age groups. Although present results need to be confirmed and extended in longitudinal studies, they provide new insights into the development of a relevant form of inhibitory controlThis work was supported by grants PSI2017-84922-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) and SI1/PJI/2019-00061 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; V PRICIT

Hábitos sobre fotoprotección en pacientes de consulta dermatológica

La exposición excesiva al sol constituye una de las causas más comunes de enfermedades cutáneas. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir los hábitos de fotoprotección de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de dermatología del área III de salud, en el municipio Cienfuegos, Cuba, durante el período comprendido entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, cuya población estuvo constituida por 3045 pacientes, de los que se seleccionó una muestra de 1066 individuos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por sujetos voluntarios. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario cerrado, el que fue validado por criterio de especialistas. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. “Raúl Dorticós Torrado” de Cienfuegos, Cuba. El grupo con más de 59 años resultó el más representado (37,8%), mientras que los menores de 15 años (6,8%) fue el menos. El género femenino prevaleció (53,4%). El cuidado de la piel ante la sobreexposición solar fue insuficiente. Predominaron los que no conocen su tipo de piel y aquellos que no recibieron orientaciones sobre su cuidado. También prevalecieron aquellos cuya declaración indica que nunca realizan autoexamen de este importante órgano y los que no utilizan aditamentos de fotoprotección, específicamente: sombrero, gorra y sombrilla.Excessive sun exposure is one of the most common causes of skin diseases. This research aimed to describe the photoprotection habits of patients treated in the dermatology consultation of health area III, in the municipality of Cienfuegos, Cuba, during the period between the months of January and May 2020. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 3045 patients, from which a sample of 1066 individuals was selected through a non-probabilistic sampling by volunteer subjects. The data were collected by applying a closed questionnaire, which was validated by specialists' criteria. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Dr. "Raúl Dorticós Torrado" University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The group over 59 years of age was the most represented (37.8%), while those under 15 years of age (6.8%) were the least. The female gender prevailed (53.4%). Skin care for overexposure to the sun was insufficient. Those ones who do not know their skin type and those who did not receive guidance on their care predominated; as well as those ones whose statement indicates that they never perform self-examination of this important organ and those ones who do not use photoprotection accessories, specifically: hat, cap and umbrella

Biceps Femoris Activation during Hamstring Strength Exercises: A Systematic Review

Background: The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the biceps femoris long head activation across cross-sectional hamstring strength exercise studies. Methods: A systematic review design was followed. The search strategy conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 3643 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 29 studies were finally included in this systematic review. A total of 507 participants and 114 different exercises were analyzed. Exercises were evaluated individually and grouped into several categories: Nordics, isokinetic exercises, lunges, squats, deadlifts, good mornings, hip thrusts, bridges, leg curls, swings, hip and back extensions, and others. Results: Results showed the isokinetic and Nordic exercises as the categories with highest biceps femoris activation (>60% of Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction). Nordic hamstring exercise ankle dorsiflexion was the exercise that achieved the highest biceps femoris long head activation (128.1% of its Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction). Conclusions: The results from this systematic review suggest that isokinetic and Nordic exercises seem to be the best option to activate biceps femoris long head. Future studies evaluating the implementation of these exercises in prevention programs are neede

Synthesis of Li_(1+x)M^(III)_(x)Ti_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3) with nasicon structure, using sol-gel methods. Study of the relationship microstructure-electrical properties

© Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. National Meeting on Electroceramics (9. 2009. Madrid). Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias al proyecto PR34/07-15895 BSCH-UCM.Haciendo uso de la química sol-gel, se han preparado ortofosfatos de composición LiTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) y Li_(1.05)(Cr/Fe)_(0.05)Ti_(1.95)(PO_(4))_(3) a temperaturas moderadas mediante el método Pechini. Estas fases han sido caracterizadas estructural y microestructuralmente por difracción de rayos X de polvo y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), encontrándose que todas cristalizan en una estructura tipo NASICON, con parámetros de red muy similares. El dopaje con Fe y Cr permite aumentar la densidad de las muestras en la sinterización, mejorando de forma apreciable su conductividad iónica. Se ha observado un incremento de hasta cuatro órdenes de magnitud en la conductividad a temperatura ambiente obteniéndose una energía de activación de 0.29 eV para el material dopado con Cr.Compounds of formula Li_(1+x)M^(III)_(x)Ti_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3) with M^(III)=Cr,Fe and x=0 and 0.05 have been prepared at soft temperatures using the Pechini synthesis method, based on sol-gel chemistry. The structural and microstructural characterization by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), shows that all of them crystallize in a NASICON-type structure with similar lattice parameters. Doping with Fe and Cr, causes an increase of the density of the samples after sinterization what clearly improves the ionic conductivity of the original material, LiTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) until values of 9x10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at room temperature in the chromium-doped material.Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEBSCH-UCMpu

Space-vector PWM with common-mode voltage elimination for multiphase drives

Switching common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter causes common-mode currents, which lead to motor bearing failures and electromagnetic interference problems in multiphase drives. Such switching CMV can be reduced by taking advantage of the switching states of multilevel multiphase inverters that produce zero CMV. Specific space-vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques with CMV elimination, which only use zero CMV states, have been proposed for three-level five-phase drives, and for open-end winding five-, six-, and seven-phase drives, but such methods cannot be extended to a higher number of levels or phases. This paper presents a general (for any number of levels and phases) SVPMW with CMV elimination. The proposed technique can be applied to most multilevel topologies, has low computational complexity and is suitable for low-cost hardware implementations. The new algorithm is implemented in a low-cost field-programmable gate array and it is successfully tested in the laboratory using a five-level five-phase motor drive.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. DPI2012-31283Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. DPI2015-6541

Programa educativo sobre higiene de manos en escolares primarios

Proper hand hygiene can reduce the incidence of many infectious respiratory and intestinal diseases, among others. A quasi-experimental study was carried out to implement an educational program on hand hygiene in 45 students of 4th level of the Guerrillero Heróico Elementary School, Cienfuegos, Cuba, during the months of October 2018 - December 2019. The design of a range of actions responded to the identified learning needs, producing a significant change with a value of p &lt;0.05. In this study, the 80% had a low level of theoretical knowledge about hand hygiene before the application of the educational program and only 6.6% were rated as good. Among the reasons stated for not washing their hands, infants indicated the lack of resources for it and the insufficient perception of the risk that this behavior entails. The majority stated that they had received information on the matter at school and on television.La adecuada higiene de manos puede reducir la incidencia de muchas enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias e intestinales, entre otras. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, con el objetivo de implementar un programa educativo acerca de la higiene de manos en 45 niños de 4to grado de la Escuela Primaria Guerrillero Heróico, Cienfuegos, Cuba, durante los meses de octubre 2018 - diciembre 2019. El diseño de un conjunto de acciones respondió a las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas, produciéndose un cambio significativo con un valor p&lt;0,05. El 80% de los involucrados tuvo un nivel bajo de conocimientos teóricos sobre higiene de manos antes de la aplicación del programa educativo y solo un 6,6 % resultó calificado como bueno. Entre las razones declaradas por las que no se lavan las manos, los infantes señalaron la falta de recursos para eso y la insuficiente percepción del riesgo que conlleva esa conducta. La mayoría declaró que recibían información al respecto en el ambiente escolar y a través de la televisión