Efecto del medio de cultivo en los procesos morfogénicos in vitro en Cinchona officinalis L.

This paper describes the effect of the various plant growth regulators of the culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L, a highly vulnerable species from southern Ecuador. To do this, different concentrations of NaOCl were used in combination with different immersion times for seed disinfection; for seed germination in vitro GA3 was added to the MS basal culture medium in different concentrations, and for morphogenic processes in vitro, different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were combined. The decrease in the contamination rate was with high concentrations of NaOCl and an increase in the germination rate in 45 days with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 GA3 to the culture medium the hormonal combination of 0.5 mg L-1 NAA + 2.5 mg L-1 BAP showed a high rate of shoot proliferation and with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA a high number of roots was obtained. In the callogenesis phase, the best results were obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for callus proliferation. In vitro propagation protocols were generated in Cinchona officinalis L, for the preservation and conservation of the species.Este trabajo describe el efecto de los diversos reguladores de crecimiento del medio de cultivo en los procesos morfogénicos in vitro en Cinchona officinalis L, una especie altamente vulnerable del sur de Ecuador. Para ello, se utilizó diferentes concentraciones de NaOCl en combinación con distintos tiempos de inmersión para la desinfección de semillas; para la germinación in vitro de semillas se agregó AG3 al medio de cultivo MS basal en diferentes concentraciones, y para los procesos morfogénicos in vitro se combinaron diferentes concentraciones de auxinas y citocininas. Se obtuvo la disminución de la tasa de contaminación con altas concentraciones de NaOCl y aumento de la tasa de germinación en 45 días con la adición de 1,0 mg L-1 AG3 al medio de cultivo; la combinación hormonal de 0,5 mg L-1 ANA + 2,5 mg L-1 BAP mostró una alta tasa de proliferación de brotes y con 1,0 mg L-1 ANA se logró obtener un alto número de raíces/explante. En la fase de callogénesis, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 1,0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0,5 mg L-1 BAP para proliferación de callo. Se generaron protocolos de propagación in vitro en Cinchona officinalis L, con fines de preservación y conservación de la especie.Fil: Moreno Serrano, José Antonio. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Biología VegetalFil: Pérez Ruíz, César. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Biología VegetalFil: Moreno Fierro, Ivonne. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Biología VegetalFil: Moreno Fierro, Jorge. University of Bedfordshire (Inglaterra

Effect of culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L.

This paper describes the effect of the various plant growth regulators of the culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L, a highly vulnerable species from southern Ecuador. To do this, different concentrations of NaOCl were used in combination with different immersion times for seed disinfection; for seed germination in vitro GA3 was added to the MS basal culture medium in different concentrations, and for morphogenic processes in vitro, different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were combined. The decrease in the contamination rate was with high concentrations of NaOCl and an increase in the germination rate in 45 days with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 GA3 to the culture medium the hormonal combination of 0.5 mg L-1 NAA + 2.5 mg L-1 BAP showed a high rate of shoot proliferation and with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA a high number of roots was obtained. In the callogenesis phase, the best results were obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for callus proliferation. In vitro propagation protocols were generated in Cinchona officinalis L, for the preservation and conservation of the species.This paper describes the effect of the various plant growth regulators of the culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L, a highly vulnerable species from southern Ecuador. To do this, different concentrations of NaOCl were used in combination with different immersion times for seed disinfection; for seed germination in vitro GA3 was added to the MS basal culture medium in different concentrations, and for morphogenic processes in vitro, different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were combined. The decrease in the contamination rate was with high concentrations of NaOCl and an increase in the germination rate in 45 days with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 GA3 to the culture medium the hormonal combination of 0.5 mg L-1 NAA + 2.5 mg L-1 BAP showed a high rate of shoot proliferation and with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA a high number of roots was obtained. In the callogenesis phase, the best results were obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for callus proliferation. In vitro propagation protocols were generated in Cinchona officinalis L, for the preservation and conservation of the species

Haemosporidian parasite prevalence, parasitemia, and diversity in three resident bird species at a shrubland dominated landscape of the Mexican highland plateau

"Background: Studies of avian haemosporidians allow understanding how these parasites affect wild bird populations, and if their presence is related to factors such as habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and climate change. Considering the importance of the highland Plateau of Mexico as part of the North American bird migratory route and as a region containing important habitat for numerous bird species, the purpose of this study was to document haemosporidian species richness and how habitat degradation, bird body condition, and distance from water sources correlate with bird parasitemia. Methods: We assessed the presence of avian haemosporidians in three resident bird species through microscopy and PCR amplification of a fragment of the haemosporidian cytochrome b gene. Average parasitemia was estimated in each species, and its relationship with habitat degradation through grazing, bird body condition and distance from water bodies was assessed. Results: High levels of parasitemia were recorded in two of the three bird species included in this study. Four lineages of haemosporidians were identified in the study area with nearly 50 % prevalence. Areas with highly degraded shrublands and villages showed higher parasitemia relative to areas with moderately degraded shrublands. No strong relationship between parasitemia and distance from water bodies was observed. There were no significant differences in prevalence and parasitemia between the two bird species infected with the parasites. Two of the sequences obtained from the fragments of the parasite's cytochrome b gene represent a lineage that had not been previously reported. Conclusions: Haemosporidian diversity in arid zones of the Mexican highland plateau is high. Shrubland habitat degradation associated to the establishment of small villages, as well as tree extraction and overgrazing in the surroundings of these villages, significantly enhances parasitemia of birds by haemosporidians.

Progresividad y redistribución a través del IRPF español: Un análisis de bienestar social para el periodo 1982-1998

En este trabajo se estudia la capacidad redistributiva mostrada por el IRPF español a lo largo del periodo 1982-1998, así como su impacto en el bienestar social. En el análisis se han considerado las cuatro grandes reformas del impuesto de este periodo, calculando para cada ejercicio la contribución a la progresividad global y al efecto redistributivo de los principales elementos de su estructura. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del Panel de Declarantes por IRPF del IEF muestran que la capacidad redistributiva del IRPF en este periodo ha venido explicada, esencialmente, por la progresividad de su tarifa y, en menor medida, por el tratamiento de las rentas del trabajo personal. Su aplicación ha generado ganancias de bienestar social crecientes en el tiempo, tan solo limitadas en los años de fuerte recesión económica.impuesto sobre la renta personal, progresividad, redistribución, bienestar social, reformas IRPF

Physical-chemical properties and microstructural characterization of traditional mexican chili (Capsicum annuum L.) powders.

Es un artículo científico publicado en la revista Agro Productividad, la cual se encuentra indizada en CONACyT, LATINDEXThe chili (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanaceae) is native of America, is consumed as vegetable, spice, and as source of vitamins A, C and E, carotenoids, and capsaicin which produce the characteristic pungency of Capsicum species. The chili in Mexico is usually processed in dried form to conserve its color and flavor. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical properties and characterize the microstructure of four varieties of traditional Mexican chili (Capsicum annuum L.) powders: “Arbol”, “Guajillo”, “Piquin” and “Mole ranchero” (Ancho chili). Physical-chemical properties of chili powders were evaluated by means of moisture content, particle size, aerated and tapped bulk density, Carr index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose (flow properties), capsaicin, and carotenoids content. Microstructure of samples was characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. ANOVA analysis and Tukey test were performed to evaluate the significant statistical difference between samples at 95% of confidence level. “Arbol”, “Guajillo”, “Piquin” and “Mole Ranchero” chili powders presented a cohesive behavior respect to its flow properties related to aerated and tapped bulk density, angle of repose, Carr Index, and Hausner ratio values under moisture content between 6.59-14.48 g H2O/100g d.s. “Arbol” and “Piquin” chili powders presented the higher capsaicin content, while “Guajillo” and “Mole ranchero” showed the higher carotenoids content. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of secondary amide, phenolic groups, alkanes, and aliphatic chains that belong to capsaicin structure at specific absorption bands. Microstructure of chili powders presented particles with surface imperfections as cracks and dents, and smooth surface that influence physical- chemical and flowability properties. Moisture content between 6.59 and 14.48 g H2O/100g d.s. influences the physical- chemical properties, flowability and microstructure of traditional Mexican chili powders. To improve physical- chemical properties and flowability behavior of chili powders is required that moisture content be lower than 6.59 H2O/100g d.s

Tuning the current ratio of a CPV system to maximize the energy harvesting in a particular location

A method based on experimental data is proposed to optimize the energy harvesting of a silicone-on-glass Fresnel-lens based CPV system. It takes into account the spectral variations along the year in a particular location as well as the thermal and spectral sensitivities of the optics and solar cell. In addition, different alternatives to tune the top/middle subcells current ratio in a CPV module are analyzed and their capacity to maximize the annually produced energy is quantified

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE FUENTES SEMILLERAS DE LA ESPECIE Cinchona officinalis L (RUBIACEAE), CON FINES DE PROPAGACIÓN in vitro

Con la finalidad de mejorar la propagación de la especie forestal Cinchona officinalis L, se caracterizaron árboles semilleros de calidad, como material de partida para cultivo in vitro. La descripción de rasgos morfológicos de árboles, frutos y semillas de C. officinalis, se realizó según caracteres cualitativos, parámetros dasométricos (altura, DAP), estado fitosanitario y potencial productivo de los árboles semilleros (número de frutos/rama, frutos/árbol y número de semillas/árbol). Los árboles semilleros de C. officinalis L presentaron alturas entre 3.4 a 5.9 m, DAP entre 5.0 a 12.4 cm y un estado fitosanitario bueno; el potencial de producción alcanzó en promedio entre 318.92 a 1054.36 frutos/árbol y entre 464.88 a 1837.00 semillas/árbol. Los árboles provenientes de El Naque presentaron las mejores características dasométricas, fitosanitarias y buen potencial productivo para cultivo in vitro. En conclusion, se caracterizó árboles semilleros de C. officinalis L, con el objetivo de obtener semillas de calidad para ser utilizadas como material de partida en cultivo in vitro, con el fines de aportar a la conservación y restauración de la especie

Non-axial osteoarticular tuberculosis in the paediatric age

[spa] Introducción y objetivos La tuberculosis (TBC) osteoarticular, causada por una bacteria del género Mycobacterium, representa alrededor de un 10% del total de TBC extrapulmonares en la edad pediátrica. Su baja prevalencia y su presentación clínica inespecífica conducen a un diagnóstico tardío y, con esto, a un mayor riesgo de secuelas. Pacientes y método Presentamos una serie de siete casos pediátricos de TBC osteoarticular no vertebral diagnosticados entre el 2006 y el 2019, con una media de edad de 7,4 años y una mediana de cinco (rango de dos a 16 años). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 18,5 meses (rango 10 a 32 meses). Los pacientes se clasificaron según los criterios radiográficos de Kerri y Martini. Resultados El retraso diagnóstico fue constante, con una media de 4,7 meses (rango de uno a ocho meses). La localización fue: cabeza femoral (dos casos), húmero proximal, cúpula astragalina, osteoartritis de clavícula distal, epífisis proximal de cúbito, y articulaciones tibioastragalina junto con subastragalina. Los hallazgos clínicos fueron cojera (cuatro casos), dolor localizado (dos), impotencia funcional (dos), síndrome constitucional (astenia, anorexia y pérdida involuntaria de más del 5% del peso corporal total) (dos), signos inflamatorios locales (uno), y fiebre (uno). Un paciente fue asintomático, realizando el diagnóstico osteoarticular de manera casual en el estudio radiológico pulmonar. Se administró un tratamiento médico de inducción con tres o cuatro fármacos en todos los casos. En tres de ellos, fue necesario el desbridamiento quirúrgico, y, en dos se realizó un lavado vía artroscópica. Conclusiones Los resultados finales fueron aceptables, con recuperación del balance articular en el 71% de los pacientes, pero con cambios radiográficos residuales en cuatro de los siete casos (57,1%). El mejor pronóstico parece correlacionarse con la menor edad, así como con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento médico-quirúrgico precoces. [eng] Introduction and objectives: Osteoarticular tuberculosis, caused by a member of the Mycobacterium genus, represents approximately 10% of the total extrapulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric patients. Its low prevalence and nonspecific clinical presentation lead to a late diagnosis and elevated risk of sequelae. Patients and methods: This retrospective study included seven pediatric patients with nonvertebral osteoarticular tuberculosis diagnosed between 2006 and 2019. The patients were classified in accordance with the radiographic criteria of Kerri and Martini. Results: The mean patient age was 7,4 years (median, 5 years; range, 2---16 years). The mean follow-up time was 18,5 months (range, 10---32 months). The mean diagnostic delay was 4,7 months (range, 1-8 months). The locations were femoral head osteoarthritis (two patients) and proximal humerus osteomyelitis, talus dome osteoarthritis, distal clavicle osteoarthritis, proximal ulna epiphysis osteoarthritis, and tibiotalar arthritis along with subtalar gland (one patient each). The clinical findings were lameness (four patients), localized pain (two patients), functional impotence, constitutional syndrome (asthenia, anorexia, and involuntary loss of>5% of total body weight) (two patients), local inflammatory signs (one patient), and fever (one patient). One patient was asymptomatic and received a diagnosis during pulmonary radiological analysis. Medical treatment with four drugs was performed in all patients; five patients required surgicaltreatmentfor abscess drainage,three ofthem open drainage, and two with laparoscopic drainage. Conclusions: The final results were satisfactory, such that 71% of patients recovered joint balance but with radiological sequelae in 57,1% patients. Good prognosis, according to our results, depends on younger age and early diagnosis with early medical or surgical treatments

Infecção por Toxocara canis e sua relevância para a saúde pública e animal: uma revisão

The Toxocara canis parasite represents a worldwide public health problem. This agent is an ascarid that, in its adult stage, lives in the small intestine of the domestic dog and several wild canids; it presents a complex biological cycle that ensures its transmission and permanence in the hosts it affects; in its intestinal phase, it causes mechanical, irritative and obstructive action, interfering in the transit and digestion of food. Toxocariasis affects young dogs and cats; it produces respiratory signs (cough due to migration of pulmonary larvae), growth retardation (emaciation, weakening of the coat and arthralgia) and intestinal disorders (alternating diarrhea and constipation, abdominal bulging, and vomiting). More intense prenatal infections in puppies can lead to severe disease with alternating diarrhea and constipation, vomiting, typical "pot belly," reduced growth with cachexia, poor coat and, in some cases, death. It has been reported to be present in public park soils, where it contaminates the environment and becomes a source of infection for people. In dog infections, especially strays, nematodes are an important epidemic factor. Regarding human infection, the process tends to become a chronic condition with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from an asymptomatic course to characteristic forms of clinical presentations, such as visceral, ocular, neurological, and covert larva migrans. Regarding control and prevention, health education should be considered to modify the risk practices of pet owners and the community.El parásito Toxocara canis representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Este agente es un ascárido que en estado adulto vive en el intestino delgado del perro doméstico y de varios cánidos silvestres; presenta un ciclo biológico complejo que asegura su transmisión y permanencia en los hospederos que afecta; en su fase intestinal ocasiona acción mecánica, irritativa y obstructiva, interfiriendo en el tránsito y la digestión de los alimentos. La toxocariasis afecta a perros y gatos jóvenes; produce signos respiratorios (tos, debido a la migración de larvas pulmonares), retraso del crecimiento (emaciación, debilitamiento del pelaje y artralgia) y trastornos intestinales (alternancia de diarrea y estreñimiento, abultamiento de abdomen y vómitos). Las infecciones prenatales más intensas en los cachorros pueden conducir a enfermedades graves con diarrea y estreñimiento alterno, vómitos, típico «vientre de olla», crecimiento reducido con caquexia, capa de pelo pobre y, en algunos casos, la muerte. Se ha reportado su presencia en suelos de parques públicos, en donde contamina el ambiente y se convierte en una fuente de infección para las personas. En las infecciones en perros, especialmente vagabundos, los nematodos son un factor epidémico importante en la naturaleza. Respecto a la infección en el humano, el proceso tiende a convertirse en una afección crónica con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, desde un curso asintomático hasta las formas características de presentaciones clínicas, como la larva migrans visceral, ocular, neurológica y encubierta. En cuanto al control y la prevención, se debe considerar la educación para la salud, a fin de modificar las prácticas de riesgo de los propietarios de animales de compañía y la comunidad en general.O parasita Toxocara canis representa um problema de saúde pública mundial. Esse agente é uma Ascaridíase (lombriga adulta) que vive no intestino delgado de cães domésticos e de vários canídeos selvagens; possui um ciclo biológico complexo que garante sua transmissão e permanência nos hospedeiros que afeta; em sua fase intestinal, causa ação mecânica, irritativa e obstrutiva, interferindo no trânsito e na digestão dos alimentos. A toxocaríase afeta cães e gatos jovens; causa sinais respiratórios (tosse, devido à migração de larvas pulmonares), retardo no crescimento (emaciação, enfraquecimento da pelagem e artralgia) e distúrbios intestinais (diarreia e constipação alternadas, abaulamento abdominal e vômitos). Infecções pré-natais mais intensas em filhotes podem levar a uma doença grave com diarreia e constipação alternadas, vômitos, a típica "barriga de pote", crescimento reduzido com caquexia, pelagem fraca e, em alguns casos, morte. Há relatos de sua presença em áreas de parques públicos, onde contamina o ambiente e se torna uma fonte de infecção para as pessoas. Em infecções em cães, especialmente cães de rua, os nematódeos são um importante fator epidêmico na natureza. Com relação à infecção em humanos, o processo tem a tendência de se transformar em uma condição crônica com um amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas, desde um curso assintomático até formas características de apresentações clínicas, como larva migrans visceral, ocular, neurológica e oculta. Em termos de controle e prevenção, a educação em saúde deve ser considerada para modificar as práticas de risco dos proprietários de animais de estimação e da comunidade em geral

Fatores ambientais e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar

Objective to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. Method cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. Results female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence, half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of cancer prevention programs. Conclusion there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found between these and colorectal cancer awareness.Objetivo identificar a associação entre os fatores de risco ambientais e a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar. Método estudo correlacional de corte transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por pessoas que cumpriam pelo menos um dos critérios de Bethesda Revisados, sendo 80 participantes incluídos no estudo. Foram utilizados uma ficha com dados sociodemográficos, o Teste AUDIT para o consumo de álcool, o Teste de Fagerström para o tabagismo, a escala de Estimativa e Consumo de Alimentos, e o questionário Cancer Awareness Measure para avaliar a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal. O índice de massa corporal foi calculado, e estatísticas descritivas e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson foram usados para estimar a associação. Resultados o sexo feminino foi o mais prevalente, com média de idade de 37,8 anos, quase metade dos participantes apresentava sobrepeso, 45% apresentavam sintomas de dependência de álcool, metade da amostra teve o fator hereditário relacionado com o desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal, e menos da metade conhecia programas preventivos deste câncer. Conclusão há pouca informação sobre os principais fatores de risco ambientais, sinais e sintomas do câncer colorretal, e nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre eles e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal.Objetivo identificar la asociación entre factores de riesgo ambientales y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar. Método estudio transversal correlacional; la muestra estuvo constituida por personas que cumplieran al menos uno de los criterios de Bethesda Revisados; se incluyeron 80 participantes en el estudio; se empleó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, el Test AUDIT para el consumo de alcohol, Test de Fagerström para el consumo de tabaco, escala Estimación y Consumo de Alimento y el cuestionario Cancer Awareness Measure para la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal, además se calculó el índice de masa corporal; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para la asociación. Resultados predominó el sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 37,8 años; casi la mitad de los participantes presentó sobrepeso, un 45% mostró síntomas de dependencia al alcohol, la mitad de la muestra relaciona el factor hereditario con el desarrollo de cáncer colorrectal y menos de la mitad conoce programas preventivos sobre el mismo. Conclusión existe poca información sobre los principales factores de riesgo ambientales, signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal; no se encontró una asociación significativa entre estos y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal